Top ten must-read books for junior high school students

1. "How Steel Was Tempered"

The author of this book - Nicholas Auster Lovesky, Russian. The protagonist of the novel - Paul Korchagin. His famous saying: The most precious thing for a person is life. Everyone has only one life. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back on the past, he will not regret for wasting his years, nor will he be ashamed of being mean and vulgar; on his deathbed, he can say: "My whole life and all my energy have been dedicated to The most magnificent cause in the world - the struggle to liberate all mankind."

2. "Robinson Crusoe"

The author of this book is the British writer Defoe, a novel. The protagonist - Robinson Crusoe, and the native "Friday". The novel describes that after sailor Robinson was in danger during the voyage, he drifted to an uninhabited island and lived for many years, living like a savage.

3. "Gulliver's Travels"

The author of this book - Jonathan Swift, an eighteenth-century British novelist. The protagonist of the novel - Captain Rimel Gulliver. This book describes the strange experience of traveling around four countries (Lilliput, Adult, Flying Island, and Wisdom) through the mouth of Captain Rimel Gulliver. However, if you read it carefully, it reveals the dark reality of British society and embodies the author's ideals.

4. "Stars. Spring Water"

The author of this book - Bing Xin, (October 5, 1900 - February 1999), formerly known as Xie Wanying. His ancestral home is Changle, Fujian, and he was born in Fuzhou. Most of his works describe the "philosophy of love" around maternal love, childlike innocence and natural beauty. His representative works include "Superman" and "Bored". Beginning in 1920, influenced by Tagore's "Birds", he wrote short poems "Stars" and "Spring Water", which attracted the attention of the literary world.

5. "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk"

This book is a collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun (original name: Zhou Shuren) in 1926, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing, and the last five articles were written in Xiamen. (Also: All Lu Xun's novels learned in junior high school are selected from "The Scream".)

6. "Journey to the West"

The author of this book - Wu Chengen (Ming Dynasty). "Journey to the West" was finally completed by Wu Cheng'en in the middle of the Ming Dynasty after countless folk artists and authors put in huge efforts. It is the best work among Chinese mythological novels. Strong romanticism is the basic artistic feature of "Journey to the West". The protagonists - Tang Monk, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sha.

7. "Water Margin"

The author of this book is Shi Naian. "Water Margin" is one of the four famous works in the history of ancient Chinese literature. Its author is Shi Naian, but the title of the book was given by Luo Guanzhong. "Water Margin" was originally called "The Legend of Jianghu Heroes", but Shi Naian was always dissatisfied with the title of the book. Luo Guanzhong suggested using "Water Margin", which he thought was very good. He said, "'Water Margin' means waterside and 'in the wild'", so he officially named the book "Water Margin". This book describes the peasant uprising in Liangshanbo, Shandong Province led by Song Jiang in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and truly reproduces the entire process from the occurrence, development and failure of the peasant uprising in feudal society. This book also created the heroic images of a large number of peasant uprisings such as Lu Zhishen, Lin Chong, Wu Song, and Li Kui.

(Another: Among the four famous works, only "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a work of the Qing Dynasty. The three major ones in chronological order are "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin" and "Journey to the West". Note: " "Three Kingdoms" is a history book, not a novel)

8. "Camel Xiangzi"

The author of this book - Lao She (1899 ~ 1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, courtesy name Sheyu, was born in Beijing A Manchu family. In 1930, Lao She embarked on his return journey. Facing the devastated motherland, his writing became heavy. "Camel Xiangzi" is a representative work of this period. It reveals the slave mentality of the "little man" and the ultimate destruction of unattainable hopes. With the suicide of Xiangzi's beloved woman, Xiaofuzi, Xiangzi extinguished the last spark of personal struggle and became a burial object of this decadent society. The protagonists

——The rickshaw driver Xiangzi, the owner’s daughter Huniu, and Xiao Fuzi.

Wonderful language collection of "Luotuo Xiangzi"

△Money will lead people into a bad society, put aside their noble ideals, and willingly go into hell.

△Those who work for money are afraid of encountering more money, and their loyalty is not based on money.

△There are not many truths in the world. A woman’s blush is worth a long sentence.

△The greatest sacrifice is patience, and the greatest patience is preparation for resistance.

△To love or not to love, the poor have to decide on the golden line, and "love" is only born in rich families.

△The laziness of miserable people is the natural result of hard work but failure, and the mischievousness of miserable people contains some axioms.

△Experience is the fertilizer of life. The kind of experience you have will determine the kind of person you become. You cannot grow peonies in the desert.

9. "Biography of Famous People"

The author of this book - Vasari. "Biographies" is an important document of the Renaissance. The author clearly declared in the revised edition in 1568 that the purpose of the book is to describe "the process of artistic regeneration." The word "regeneration" is not only the theme of Valslav's entire masterpiece, but also forms the cornerstone of his historical concepts and artistic judgment standards.

For the first time, he treated the three arts of architecture, painting, and sculpture as a whole, rather than treating them in isolation like his predecessors. At the same time, he proposed a system of criticism based on style types. Distinguish between superior and inferior works of art. These characteristics make his "Biographies of Famous People" distanced from all previous works and become the first milestone in the history of Western art history.

10. "Childhood"

The author of this book - Gorky, formerly known as Alexey Maximovich Bishkov, a proletarian writer of the former Soviet Union, a socialist The founder of realist literature. "Childhood" is the first of Gorky's autobiographical novels. The protagonist of the novel is Alyosha. In this book, Gorky truly described his difficult childhood, reflected some typical characteristics of social life at that time, and especially painted a true and vivid picture of the customs and customs of the Russian petty bourgeoisie. It not only reveals those "leaden scandals", but also depicts many outstanding ordinary characters around the author, among which the image of the grandmother is one of the most glorious and poetic images in Russian literature. It was these ordinary people who gave the young Gorky a good influence, enabling him to develop a character that did not bow to ugly phenomena, and trained him to become a strong and kind person.

The other two parts of the trilogy of autobiographical novels are "In the World" and "My University".

Storyline

Paul Korchagin was born into a poor railway worker family. After the outbreak of the "October Revolution", he joined the army and worked as a scout and cavalry. Defeating death again and again with tenacious perseverance. After recovering from his illness, he returned to work and joined the party. With total paralysis, blindness and no writing experience, he began his heroic career - literary creation. Paul endured great physical and mental pain. He first wrote in a cardboard frame, and later dictated it himself and asked others to record it for him. With the help of his mother and wife, the novel "How Steel Was Tempered" which he wrote with his life was finally published in 1934! Paul picked up new weapons and started a new life.

3. Characters

The greatest achievement of the novel "How the Steel Was Tempered" is the successful portrayal of Paul Korchagin, the Bolivian hero. Under the training of the party, he is a typical image of a new communist who is tempered in the flames of revolution and in a difficult environment. With his clear class position of love and hate, lofty moral outlook, high revolutionary passion, miraculous vitality and steel-like strong will, he composed a magnificent poem dedicated to the party and the people. Paul was a conscious and selfless revolutionary warrior who always put the interests of the party and the motherland first. Paul is a resolute and strong revolutionary warrior who has withstood severe tests in all aspects of his life. Paul is another heroic figure who meets the great in the ordinary. Paul is a typical autobiographical image based on the author himself. The writer describes Paul based on his own life experience and true feelings. He concentrated on Paul the thoughts and character traits of many similar characters of his time, using a typical approach.

5. Artistic Features

"How Steel Was Tempered" is an autobiographical novel. Many of the stories in the novel come from the author's personal experience, so it is a good read. More authentic, believable, and touching. However, the author does not stick to the facts of life and makes a lot of typical treatments for the characters and plots. "How Steel Was Tempered", like Gorky's "Autobiographical Trilogy", has made an important contribution to the innovation of autobiographical novels. All descriptions in the novel revolve around the growth of the protagonist, and the structure is compact and natural. When portraying the character of the protagonist, different aspects are used to express his excellent qualities. By describing how Paul treats prison, war, work, friendship, love, illness, and setbacks, that is, how he treats major issues such as revolution and individuals, public and private, life and death, the image of Paul, the steel warrior, is presented. The novel is particularly full, vivid and dazzling

The novel tells the story of a British explorer, Robinson Crusoe, who was stranded on an uninhabited island after his ship sank. He spent 28 years and lived alone for 26 years. , with no way forward, he began to think of ways to save himself - making rafts, building houses, growing food, raising livestock... and devoted himself to the struggle against nature. With his own hands, wisdom and courage, he spent decades turning this desert island into a "paradise". Just when Robinson was about to give up and return to England, he got the chance to leave. Opportunity on a desert island, after many difficulties, Robinson finally left the desert island and returned to his homeland... Robinson's optimism and courage are commendable.

Writing background

This novel was created by Defoe inspired by a true story at that time. In September 1704, a Scottish sailor named Alexander Selkirk had an argument with the captain at sea and was abandoned by the captain on Ann Fernand Island in the Atlantic Ocean of South America, 400 miles away from Chile, for 4 years. Months later, four years later, he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers. When he was rescued and returned to England, he had become a savage. Defoe, the famous British writer, based on Selkirk's legendary story, poured his many years of maritime experience into the characters, and fully used his rich imagination for literary processing, making "Robinson" a A hero in the eyes of the petty and middle-class bourgeoisie at that time.

It is the first idealized image of the emerging bourgeoisie in Western literature. He showed a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and enlightenment consciousness. Selkirk did not perform any heroic deeds worthy of praise on the desert island. Both he and Robinson were said to have the experience of catching goats and using sheepskins for clothing, and both were harassed by cats; they were also domesticated. The goat and the cat kept company, and they all took time to pray to God. But Robinson did not draw on Selkirk's experience in other ways. This book was written around 1719. When the author was almost 60 years old, he created this biographical novel that is full of wit, elegant and popular, and suitable for all ages, and won himself the reputation of "the father of British novels and newspapers".

The experience of Alexander Selkirk inspired Defoe

This is a widely circulated and influential literary masterpiece. The protagonist Robinson is very Optimistic and full of fighting spirit, he embodies the spirit of self-struggle. His creative labor and achievements also embody the infinite charm of human wisdom. If a person encounters difficulties and no one rescues him, he must learn to change the status quo optimistically, and this requires amazing perseverance and indomitable spirit like Robinson Crusoe. This is what we think after reading the novel "Robinson Crusoe" Can feel it. Edit the main characters in this paragraph

Robinson Robinson For nearly three hundred years, "Robinson Crusoe" has been popular all over the world and has become an immortal masterpiece in the history of world literature. What is its charm? It should be said that this is due to Defoe's successful creation of Robinson, a highly individual character. In Robinson Crusoe, adventure, tenacity, perseverance, wisdom, courage, enterprising spirit, pioneering and innovative are all integrated into one, providing the heroic image in the hearts of all people who are unwilling to be ordinary and unsatisfied with the status quo. First of all, Robinson is a restless adventurer. At home, all the hopes of the parents were placed on Robinson alone. The father asked his son to honestly rely on his own diligence and hard work to earn a fortune and live a comfortable and comfortable life. But the child's desire to travel around the world has never changed. So, he carried his family behind his back and went to sea privately. Although the road was bumpy, in the end a "mysterious and powerful destiny often forces us to find a dead end, making us rush forward even though we clearly see that there is a dead end in front of us." Emotion defeated reason. In Robinson's opinion, there is nothing more exciting and fun than taking risks and pioneering. Suddenly becoming a rich man, enjoying the joy of family with his wife and children, and the ruthlessness of time urging people to grow old, all these still cannot stop Robinson's pace. The nephew's persuasion is just an inducement for Robinson to wait for the opportunity. The real driving force is still that he is not used to ordinary life and has no intention of living a comfortable life. In this way, Robinson began a new round of adventure. Second, Robinson is a brave practitioner. The most exciting part of "Robinson Crusoe" is his time living on the island. People often say that nine times out of ten things go wrong in life. If we have the opportunity to be on an island that is almost isolated from the world, we can experience how big the limit of survival is and how much pressure we can bear. Robinson was not a dreamer, nor a coward who acted passively in the face of difficulties. He focuses on reality and his own survival. Therefore, during the 28 years of living on an isolated island, survival became the theme of "working hard" all day and night. Carrying supplies on the ship, building accommodation, taming goats, planting wheat and rice, buying tables and chairs, baking bread, etc., he all used his hands and feet. Whether physically or mentally, he strives and strives for satisfying pleasure. Suffering turns into joy, hardship turns into enjoyment. Is there anything that cannot be overcome and what cannot be accomplished? Read carefully the plot of Robinson Crusoe making bread, where we can appreciate human ingenuity, human wisdom and human creation, and can prove "what achievements human activities can achieve!" Therefore, in "Robinson" In "The Crusoe", we read the voice of a striver and see the footsteps of a pioneer. Third, Robinson shows a person with an independent personality. If Defoe's use of the first person "I" to refer to Robinson is a writing method, then the character image to be expressed in this novel is a combination of art and thought. At home, Robinson ignored his father's advice and went to sea privately, embodying a "rebel" role that was different from that of his father's generation. On the isolated island, a place completely connected with nature, there is only one Robinson. If you want to survive there, you need to show an optimistic and enterprising individualistic spirit. Robinson is a successful actor on this stage. However, it should be noted that the character created by Defoe inevitably has considerable limitations. For example, Robinson Crusoe's days living on the island are actually the epitome of early bourgeois colonial history, a history of pursuing profits and expanding markets around the world. It is not the spring breeze turning into rain or the gentle breeze bringing warmth, but it is accompanied by blood and fire, knives and swords. Robinson went to Africa to engage in trafficking trade, which is proof. For another example, we appreciate Defoe's denial of the historical significance of church asceticism, but the author seems to have gone from one extreme to another. In Robinson's eyes, the standard for all available means is usefulness, including God. Family relationships, which are very important in human emotions, do not play an important role in him, and the birth of his three children and the death of his wife did not make him excited. His greatest concern was still the march to the colonies and the intense possession of wealth.

Friday Friday was brought back to the original tribe as a sacrifice by the tribe. With this period of getting along day and night, Robinson changed himself because of this native. It was also because of the friendship between them that he survived. Unfortunately, Friday was shot by a slave trader. After two years of wandering, Robinson returned to his hometown with the memory of this friendship and a brand new self. and returned to the world. Friday is a simple man, a loyal friend, and a brave warrior with wisdom. He repays kindness, is loyal and responsible, and has strong adaptability. He and Robinson spent many years on the island using different skills together. The arrival of Friday made Robinson realize his dream of becoming a governor, and he became Robinson's slave. In fact, without Friday's help, Robinson would never have been able to leave the desert island and return to mainstream British society. Readers may even feel that without Friday, the novel would not have ended. Edit this paragraph's highlights

1. I completely ignored my father's wishes, even disobeyed my father's orders, and completely ignored my mother's pleas and my friends' dissuasion. This nature of mine seems to have destined me to an unfortunate fate in the future. 2. I am an unfilial son who abandoned my parents and failed to fulfill my vocation. God punished me so quickly. It is really just and fair. 3. Alas! How ridiculous are the decisions people make in fear! Reason provides them with various ways to protect themselves, but once fear takes over, they don't know how to use these methods. 4. Especially, in this unfortunate situation, God guided me to know Him and beg for His blessing, which gave me great comfort. This happiness more than compensates for all the misfortunes I have suffered and may suffer. 5. When you start to do something, it would be really stupid if you don't calculate in advance how much it will cost, and if you don't make a correct estimate of your own strength in advance. 6. I often sit down to eat with gratitude, admiring God’s kindness in living, because He has given me rich food in the wilderness. I have learned to pay attention to the bright side of my situation and pay less attention to its dark side; to think more of what I enjoy and less of what I lack. This attitude sometimes gives me a heartfelt comfort that I cannot express in words. … I feel that our dissatisfaction with what we need is due to a lack of gratitude for what we have received. 7....It can be seen that we ordinary people cannot understand the benefits of the original environment unless we see a worse environment with our own eyes; if we have to be at the end of our rope, we will not know how to cherish what we originally enjoyed. 8. I have been drifting on the sea for so many days, and it is enough. I just want to rest quietly for a few days and reflect on the dangers of the past. 9. It is more painful for a person to always expect disaster than to encounter disaster, especially when a person cannot get rid of this expectation and this feeling of fear. 10. In human emotions, there is often a hidden driving force. Once this driving force is attracted by some visible target, or attracted by some invisible but imaginable target, it will It drives our souls towards the goal with a courageous force. If we fail to reach the goal, it will cause us unbearable pain. 11. Ordinary people often have a common problem, that is, they are often dissatisfied with the living environment arranged for them by God and nature. In my opinion, at least half of their sufferings are caused by this common disease. 12. When the Creator ruled over mankind, it was a supreme good thing to limit human understanding and knowledge to a narrow scope. 13. "When we encounter bad things, we should consider the good things contained in them." 14. "It is useless for a person to just sit blankly and dream about what he can't get. This is an absolute truth. ” 15. “In the most unfortunate dilemma, we can also find things to talk about and compare the advantages and disadvantages. ” 16. What I fear most is not death, but that I regretted going to sea and then decided to go to sea. Determination, this fear is ten times greater than the fear of losing one's life. 17. All the good things in the world have no other benefit to us except for use. 18. After a person understands the truth, he will feel that being saved by God from sin is greater happiness than being saved by God from trouble. 19. Things are always like this. The fear of danger is often more frightening than the danger itself seen with one's own eyes. 20. I now begin to feel that although my current life is simple and miserable, it is infinitely better than the evil and despicable life I had before. I am happy with the happiness of the past.