Brief introduction of hydrogen atom:
Hydrogen atom is the atom of hydrogen element. An electron neutral atom contains a positive proton and a negative electron, which are bound in the nucleus according to Coulomb's law. In nature, hydrogen atom is the most abundant isotope, called hydrogen, hydrogen-1, or hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms do not contain any neutrons, and other hydrogen isotopes contain one or more neutrons. This entry mainly describes hydrogen-1.
Hydrogen atom has a proton and an electron, which is a simple two-body system. The force in the system is only related to the distance between the two bodies, and it is a centripetal force with inverse square ratio, so it is not necessary to idealize and simplify this centripetal two-body system with inverse square ratio.
Historical development:
In 19 13, niels bohr calculated the spectral frequency of hydrogen atom after making some simplified assumptions. These assumptions, the cornerstone of Bohr's model, are not completely correct, but correct energy answers can be obtained.
1925/26, Irving Schrodinger applied his invented Schrodinger equation, and used rigorous quantum mechanical analysis to clearly explain the reason why Bohr's answer was correct.
Hydrogen atom is stable and scientific research;
1, stability
Considering the stability of hydrogen atom, the classical electrodynamics analysis shows that bound electrons will be attracted by the nucleus, and due to the coulomb force effect, they will fall into the nucleus in a spiral motion and radiate infinite energy, so the atom is unstable.
Using quantum mechanics, it can be calculated that the ground state energy of hydrogen atom system is greater than a finite value, which is called satisfying the "first stable condition", that is, the ground state energy E0 of hydrogen atom is greater than a finite value.
2. Scientific research
From June 5438 to June 2022 1 October, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used the 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST) FAST imaging observation, and found1giant atomic gas system with a scale of about two million light years, that is, a large number of scattered hydrogen atomic gas, in the compact galaxy group "Stephen's Five-pointed Star" and its surrounding sky area.