Confucius’ maxims

Proverbs of Confucius

[Edit this paragraph] Proverbs of Confucius

Learn and practice from time to time

Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er": "Confucius said: 'Learn and practice it from time to time, isn't it also said to be (pleasant)?'" Wang Su noted: "Recite and practice it from time to time, learning will not waste your work, so it is joyful." Wang Shi's "learning" and "xi" have the same meaning, which seems to refer specifically to recitation. However, Confucius taught people to learn the "six arts", including etiquette, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics. "Recitation" is only "one end" (see Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). Huang Kanshu "Shi Xi" said: "Every study has three seasons." One refers to the year, the second refers to the season, and the third refers to the morning and evening. The contemporary Jiang Boqian believed that "learning is to know the new, and learning is to review the past" ("Introduction to the Thirteen Classics").

·Be sensitive to things but cautious in words

Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman has nothing to eat to satisfy himself, and a place to live without seeking peace of mind. He is quick to do things but cautious in speaking.'" Also in "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": "A gentleman wants to be slow in speaking but is sensitive to words." Yu Xing". The meaning is the same. It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking. Zhu Xi's note: "Those who are quick at doing things will do what they can't do. Those who are cautious about speaking will not dare to use up all the rest." (Analects of Confucius) Another explanation: "Things are difficult to do, so you must be quick; words are easy to say, Therefore, we must be cautious." (Volume 22 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") In addition, there are Confucius' words in "Xunzi Zidao", "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", "Shuo Yuan·Miscellaneous Words" and other chapters, "Be careful when speaking." Wow" record.

·Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "Confucius said: 'Learning without thinking means losing sight; thinking without learning leads to peril.'" "Wang" means confusion. Zheng Xuan's note: 罔, still 罔罔 ignorant of appearance. "Peril" has two meanings: one is critical, which means uncertainty. One is fatigue, and the spirit is exhausted and there is no gain. When solved in the past. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Reviewing the past and learning the new". Yang Shuda, a recent scholar, commented: "Those who review the past but cannot learn the new are learning without thinking; those who do not review the past but want to learn the new are thinking without learning." ("The Analects of Confucius") Confucius first advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, and he regarded Confucius as It has a profound influence on my disciples. For example, Zixia talks about learning and thinking carefully and "The Doctrine of the Mean" talks about learning and thinking carefully, both of which believe that learning and thinking cannot be neglected.

·People who have no faith do not know what they can do

Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" "Confucius said: 'If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible.'" Zheng Xuan notes: "He who does not know what is possible means that his words cannot be implemented." Kong Anguo's note: "If you don't believe what you say, the rest will be useless." Zhu Xi said: "If a person does not have a true and sincere heart, then everything he says is false." (Volume 24 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Jiang Boqian distinguished between trust and belief in two meanings: "What you say must be true; what you say must be fulfilled." ("Yu Yi Guang Jie") Confucius and later Confucian scholars attached great importance to trust, and "loyalty in words and sincerity in deeds" ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") was the Confucian principle of life.

·Be slow in words but quick in deeds

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman wants to be slow in words and quick in deeds'". Bao Xian's note: "Naive means slow. The desire to speak is slow and the desire to act is fast." Zhu Xi cited Xie Liangzuo's note: "It is easy to speak, so the desire is slow; it is difficult to act hard, so the desire is quick." There are many synonyms in the Analects of Confucius. Sentences: "Be careful what you say, and you will have few regrets" ("Wei Zheng"), "The ancients did not say what they said, and they were ashamed to bow without catching it" ("Li Ren"), "A gentleman is ashamed of his words and goes beyond his actions" ("Li Ren") "Xian Wen"), etc., can all reflect Confucius' consistent thought of emphasizing conduct and caution in speech. See "Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking."

·Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors.'

·Listen to his words and observe his actions

Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from " The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang": "Zai Yu day and night. Confucius said: 'Rotten wood cannot be carved, nor can a wall of dung earth be made flat. Yu Yu and He punished him? ’ The Master said: ‘From the beginning, when I gave it to others, I listened to their words and believed in their deeds. ’” "Shuo Yuan Zun Xian" records that Confucius said: "The way to learn from others is to observe their words and then observe their actions... Therefore, first observe their words and then observe their actions." ""The Book of Rites of Great Dai·The Virtues of the Five Emperors": "The Master said: 'I want to win people by their words, and change them when they are evil. ’” This is the meaning of this chapter. Zhu Xi cited Hu’s note and said: Confucius said that one should listen to words and observe actions. “This is why he established a teaching to warn the disciples, so that they can be careful in speaking and quick in deeds. " ("Analects of Confucius")

·Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions

Confucius's famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang": "Zigong asked: 'Why is Confucius Wenzi so famous? What is called literature? ’ Confucius said: ‘A person who is quick, eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions is called literary. ’” Kong Wenzi, Doctor Wei. “Wen” is his posthumous title. Zhu Xi’s note: “Ordinary people are quick to learn but are slow to learn, and those in high positions are often ashamed to ask questions from their subordinates. Therefore, some posthumous titles are written with the words "Study diligently and love to ask questions", which is also difficult for people. "("The Analects of Confucius") also said: "The ancients' posthumous methods were very lenient", "Confucius is certainly not good, but this benefit is only due to the fact that he can learn quickly and ask questions, which is also a benefit." This shows that Confucius is "broad-minded and big-hearted" "Because of the degree of restraint, one should be lenient when blaming others" (Volume 29 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei").

· Gentleman is a gentleman

Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": " Confucius said: 'If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will be history; if literature is better than quality, then you will be a gentleman'. "According to the meaning of the word, wen, literary talent; quality, simplicity; politeness, mixed appearance. Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius" of the Southern Song Dynasty: "A scholar of eloquence should make up for his shortcomings and make up for his losses. As for becoming virtuous, it will happen unexpectedly." Qing Dynasty Liu Baonan's "Analects of Justice": "Etiquette has both quality and writing. The pledger is the foundation. Etiquette cannot be established without foundation, and it cannot be practiced without writing. If it can be established and practiced, this is what it means.

"When Confucius said "wen", it refers to the external expression of conformity to propriety; "quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only with the inner character of "benevolence" and at the same time able to express it in conformity with "propriety" can one become " "Gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality, that is, the relationship between propriety and benevolence. One reflects the ideal personality of the "gentleman" that Confucius strives to advocate; the other reflects his consistent thought of the golden mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality. It is better than writing, and it does not advocate partiality over quality; it should be impartial and impartial, and it is not easy to achieve the best. "Confucius said: 'The quality of Yu and Xia is the same as the writing of Yin and Zhou. The writings of the Yu and Xia Dynasties are not as good as their quality; the quality of their writings is not as good as those of the Yin and Zhou dynasties; how can it be said that the writing quality is right? " ("Book of Rites·Biaoji")

·Respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance

Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Fan Chi asked about it, and Confucius said: "The duty of serving the people is to respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance, which can be said to be understood." Zhu Xi noted: "Dedicate your efforts to what is appropriate for humanity, and not be confused by the unknowable things of ghosts and gods. This is the matter of those who know." " ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan of the Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It means to serve ghosts and gods with courtesy" ("Analects of Justice"). "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "The Master said: 'Xia Dao respects orders and serves ghosts. Respect gods and keep them at a distance, stay close to others but be loyal; people in the Yin Dynasty respected gods and led their people to serve gods, putting ghosts first and then being polite; people in Zhou respected gods but still gave them, and served ghosts while respecting gods but staying away from them, staying close to people but being loyal. " Combined with the above words of Confucius to Fan Chi, it can be seen that Confucius held a different view of ghosts and gods from the Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to follow Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also proposed that ghosts and gods should not be treated lightly or treated with disrespect. Closeness, which is different from the attitude of emphasizing on people first and ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities ("The Analects of Confucius·Advanced": "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, Confucius said: 'If you can't serve people, how can you serve ghosts?'") Consistent.

·If you want to establish, you will establish people; if you want to achieve, you will reach people.

Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye". Confucius answered Zigong's question about benevolence: " A benevolent person, if he wants to establish himself, he will establish others, and if he wants to reach others, he will reach others. If he can draw examples from others, he can be said to be benevolent. "Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Analects of Confucius: "It is the heart of a benevolent person to treat oneself and others. Looking at it from this point of view, one can see that the laws of heaven are flowing around without any idleness. Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty's "Sutra Study Room Collection": "Being tireless in doing it will help you achieve success; being tireless in teaching others will help you build others up." Those who are established are like "establishing at thirty"; those who are successful are like "you will be successful in your country and you will be successful at home". "This sentence still means that if you want to stand up, you must also make others stand up. If you want everything to work, you should also make everything work for others. This embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, Regarding the practical approaches and methods of "benevolence", the high standard of "forgiveness" is to do what you want to do to others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense. Not to do evil, that is, practice "benevolence" in a negative sense (see "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), respect yourself and others, observe yourself and know others, that is, recognize the value of others, care about the survival and survival of others Development reflects the humanitarian characteristics of Confucius’ thoughts from another aspect.

·Report without writing, believe in the past.

Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": " Confucius said: "Reciting without writing, trusting and loving the ancients, stealing and comparing with me, Lao Peng". ""Hanshu·Rulinzhuan": Confucius "investigated the ancient and modern texts" to narrate "Book", call "Music", discuss "Poetry", because of Lu's "Spring and Autumn", and to read "Yi", "all because of the recent saints" To establish the teachings of the ancestors. Therefore, it is said that 'state without writing, believe in and love the ancients'". Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Confucius deleted the "Poems", "Books", Dingli, Yu, praised the "Book of Changes", and revised the "Spring and Autumn", all of which were passed on to the ancestors. "Old, but nothing has been done". This sentence means that the old chapters are passed down without creating, and the ancient culture is both obedient and fond of. "Not writing" and "loving the ancients" are Confucius's summary of his lifelong teaching and academic research career. At the same time, it also reflects his principle of organizing historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. Zhu Xi believes that Confucius "has done twice as much work as he has done" (ibid.). It is believed that Confucius actually stated and composed.

·Know it silently, be tireless in learning, and never tired of teaching.

Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said. : 'Knowing things silently, never getting tired of learning, never getting tired of teaching, how can that be for me?'" See also "Mencius Gongsun Chou, Part 1": "Confucius said: 'If it is sage, I cannot do it. I am never tired of learning and never tire of teaching.'" ; "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" also records: "Confucius said: 'How am I worthy of such praise! If you don't do it yourself, you will be eager to learn and never get tired of it, and be eager to teach but never tire of it.'" The sentence means: silently keep what you see and hear in your heart, study vigorously and never be satisfied, teach students tirelessly. "Analects of Confucius" by Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty: "Three of them are not the ultimate saint, but they still do not deserve it, which is a word of modesty and humility." Qian Mu, a recent scholar, believes that "this chapter may be regarded as a word of modesty, but it is not." " ("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") Confucius mentioned three things here: First, the emphasis is on speech and knowledge (memory), not on speech and silence. The so-called "hear a lot, and keep it quality" ("Book of Rites·缁衣"), "If you hear more, you will choose the good ones and follow them; if you see more, you will recognize them" ("The Analects of Confucius"). The second and third words express Confucius's diligence in pursuing knowledge and his enthusiasm in teaching his disciples. At the same time, it is also a reasonable summary of Confucius' understanding and methods of "learning" and "teaching (teaching)"

·Getting rich and noble through unrighteousness is like floating clouds to me

Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Shuer": "The Master said: 'If you eat food sparingly, drink water, and bend your arms to rest on it, you will also enjoy it; wealth and honor due to unrighteousness are like floating clouds to me.'" Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty commented: " Those who are rich and noble without righteousness are like floating clouds to me, they are not my own.”

Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "He regards unjust wealth and honor as if they are nothing in the floating clouds, and is indifferent to them." Meaning: Wealth and official position acquired through unjust means are like floating clouds in the sky to me. See also the same chapter of "The Analects of Confucius": "The Confucius said: 'Wealth can be sought after, even if it is a man with a whip, I will do it. If it is not available, I will do what I like'"; "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "The Confucius said "Wealth and honor are what people want. If you don't get them in the right way, you can't get them." Confucius here reiterates his specific principles for viewing and seeking wealth, which must be in line with "righteousness" and "benevolence." If anything is obtained contrary to this, it will be regarded as a passing smoke and unworthy of acquisition. At the same time, it also shows his attitude and mind about living in poverty and being content with poverty.

·If you are angry and forget to eat, if you are happy and forget your worries, you will not know that old age is coming

Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, and Zilu was wrong. Zilu said, 'Nv Xibu said: As a human being, he is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He doesn't know that old age is coming.'" . Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": Talking about this talent encourages people to learn. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Analects of Confucius": "If you haven't got it, you will be angry and forget to eat; if you have got it, you will be happy and forget about worries; so the two are indifferent, and you will be breeding every day without knowing the shortcomings of the years. But he said that he is eager to learn. ". Kang Youwei, a recent scholar, wrote in Annotations of the Analects: "If you forget food, you will not know poverty and lowliness; if you forget worries, you will not know suffering; if you forget old age, you will not know life and death; no perfect person can reach this point." The sentence means: If you work hard and don't even remember to eat (you have learned something), you will be so happy that you forget your worries, and you won't even notice that you are in the old state. This is actually the words of the Master’s own teaching and self-encouragement. "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Confucius said: 'The good benevolence in the Poems is like this. Walking on the country road, abandoning the middle road, forgetting one's old age, not knowing the insufficiency of years. Looking down, there are breedings every day, Just kill him and then '". Throughout his life, he was eager to learn, advocated positivity, and diligently pursued the realization of the doctrine he founded. "If I give up halfway, I can't do it anymore" ("Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean"). This shows that Confucius is constantly striving for self-improvement, never tired, and wise and optimistic. attitude towards life.

·When three people walk together, there must be one who is my teacher

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Confucius said: 'When three people are walking together, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.'" Zhu Xi's note: "Three people walking together, one of them will As for me, if one of them is good and the other is evil, then I will follow the good, and I will follow the good and change the evil. These two people are my teachers." ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan quoted the old saying. , and put forward two explanations: one is that "I and he are three people. If the two of them think that I am good, I will follow it; if the two of them think of me as bad, I will change it. These two people are both for me." Teacher. Shu Hongfan said: "Three people act according to the words of two people." One is that "there are no wise or foolish people. They all choose according to what they see." It doesn’t mean that one person is good and the other person is not good. If you follow someone who is good, you are my teacher.” saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer". "Shuowen": "Tan means peace." Dangdang means wide and far. Qi Qi is known as the person who is worried all the time. A gentleman is well versed in affairs, so his dealings with others are like walking on a smooth road, feeling safe and comfortable. A small person's mind is often obsessed with things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often has a feeling of sadness. Huang Kanshu quoted Jiang Xi and said: "A gentleman is open-minded and carefree, showing no selflessness. A villain is concerned about glory and profit, and cares about gains and losses, so he grows up to be a noble man." Cheng Zi said: "A gentleman follows the principles, so he is always comfortable; "The villain works for things, so he has many worries." (See "Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi Zidao" says that a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day, while a villain has a lifetime of worries and no happiness for a day. , has the same meaning as this.

·After the cold years, you will know the pines and cypresses, and then you will carve them

Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." Sculptures are withered; pines and cypresses are metaphors for the material of pillars. Zhu Xi cited Xie Shangcai's note and said: "When a scholar is poor, he knows integrity, and when the world is chaotic, he knows loyal ministers." ("Analects of Confucius") There is no day when it is not here." ("Xunzi·Dalue") "Zhuangzi·Rang Wang" quotes Confucius as saying: "A gentleman who knows the way is called a master, and a man who is poor in the way is called a poor man. I hold the way of benevolence and righteousness in order to survive the troubled times. What should we do if we are in trouble? Therefore, we should reflect inwardly and not be exhausted, and face difficulties without losing our virtue."

·A wise man will not be confused, a kind man will not be worried, and a brave man will not be afraid.

< p>Confucius’ famous sayings. "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: Those who know do not be confused, those who are kind do not worry, and those who are brave do not fear." "The Analects of Justice" quotes the note from "Shenjian·Miscellaneous Statements": "The gentleman is happy with heaven and knows his destiny, so he does not worry; he judges things clearly. The order of the three is different according to "The Analects of Confucius: Xian Wen": "There are three ways of a gentleman, and I am incompetent: a benevolent person does not worry, a wise person does not worry, and a brave person does not fear." Confucius humbled himself that he did not have the three virtues of knowledge, benevolence, and courage, but regarded Zi Gong as having all three virtues, so he said: "Master himself has the Tao." ("Xian Wen")

· The people cannot stand without faith

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Since ancient times, there has been death, and the people cannot stand without faith." This is Confucius's answer to Zigong's question about politics. The people's trust and sufficient food and soldiers are the policies of Confucius to govern and strengthen the country. However, you can remove soldiers and food, but you cannot make the people lose their trust; the people's trust is the foundation. This is similar to Confucius's sacrifice of one's life to achieve benevolence and Mencius's sacrifice of one's life for righteousness. Later Zhu Xi said: "The people will die without food, but the dead are inevitable. Without faith, even though you are alive, you will not be able to stand on your own, and it is not as good as death. Therefore, it is better to die than to break faith with the people, so that the people would rather die. Don’t break your trust with me.”

·The common people are enough for the king and what is not enough

Confucius’ famous saying.

The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "The people are enough, and the ruler is not enough. The people are not enough, and the ruler is not enough?" This is what Confucius' disciple Youruo said when he answered the question of Lu Aigong: "I am hungry in the year, but I don't have enough. What's the matter?" Word. That is to say, it develops Confucius's Confucian thought that "policy is to make the people rich" ("Shuoyuan Zhengli"). Confucius believed that the prosperity of the people lies in low taxes and collection of taxes. "The poem goes: 'The gentleman is the father and mother of the people', but there is no such thing as 'whose son is rich but his parents are poor'" (ibid.). Zhu Xi's annotation is: "If the people are rich, the ruler will not be poor; if the people are poor, the ruler will not be poor. If you deeply express the meaning of the unity of the ruler and the people, in order to stop the public's exaggeration, it is appropriate to think deeply about it." "("Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Fu Guo" said: "The poor at the bottom will lead to poverty at the top, and the rich at the bottom will make the top rich." "Therefore, the master of the Ming Dynasty must carefully maintain its harmony, limit its flow, and open up its source, and then consider it carefully. . The world will have more than enough, and the superiors will not worry about the shortage. In this way, both the superiors and the inferiors will be rich, and there will be nothing left to hide. This is the ultimate beauty of a gentleman.

< p>Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Confucius said: The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of a man. The villain is the opposite." Zhu Xi commented: "Those who succeed can use incentives, rewards and persuasion to achieve their goals." "Dadaili· "Zengzi Establishes Things": "A gentleman is good to himself and rejoices in the goodness of others. When he is good at himself, he also rejoices in the abilities of others." This is similar to Confucius' meaning.

·His body is upright and he does not follow orders

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "The Master said: His body is upright. He does not do what he is told, and even if he does not obey the order." Confucianism has always believed that the person who is superior "will lead the way to be upright and meet the trust of the people." "The one who is not upright is the one who is superior." , the people don't believe it." ("Hanshu Gongsun Hongzhuan") "This is the legislation of the old master, who first checks the rules and regulations, so the order is carried out in the world." ("Huainanzi·Zhushu")

·Small gains mean big things will fail

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Zi Xia was the governor of Ju Fu and asked about politics. Zi said: If there is no desire for haste, there is no small gain. If you have haste, you will not achieve anything; if you see small gain, great things will not be accomplished." Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes": "Seeing the small is beneficial, what you gain is small, and what you lose is big." He also quoted Cheng Zi as saying that Confucius knew that his disciple "Zi Xia's illness often comes from the small", so he "told his disciples what he wanted to do." " (ibid.). "The Analects of Confucius" quotes Xunzi as saying: "Benefit refers to the convenience of the country and the benefit of the people. When a politician sees great benefits, he must move forward, but he can't see small ears." "Book of Rites of Dadai·Four Dynasties": "It is good to see small profits, but it is harmful to politics."

·If you are not in your position, you will not seek politics

Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius Taibo": "The Master said: 'If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power.'" This sentence is also found in "Xianwen". Its purpose is "to concentrate on each person's duties" (Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). This is also the consistent Confucian attitude towards life. Zengzi said: "A gentleman cannot think about his position." ("The Analects of Confucius: Xianwen") Later Mencius said, "It is a crime to have a low position and to be high"; "The Doctrine of the Mean" also has "A gentleman acts according to his position and does not want to do it" "Outside of it", "If you are in a superior position, you will not support your subordinates; if you are in a lower position, you will not support your superiors", both are similar to this article.

·If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: If people have no long-term worries, they must have near-term worries." "The Analects of Confucius" quotes: "The worries are not far away, and the worries are coming, so it is called near-term worries." "Xunzi" "Da Lu" says: "Think about things first, and worry about troubles first. Thinking about things first is called taking over, and taking over will make things happen. Worrying about troubles first is called hesitation, and hesitation means disaster will not happen. He who thinks about things after they happen is called hesitation." If you are trapped, the disaster will be irresistible. "Confucianism attaches great importance to people's long-term thinking.

·Be generous to yourself, and blame others for your shortcomings

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: "Be generous to yourself, but do not blame others, and you will be far away from resentment." This is to apply "benevolence" to others. Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty expressed his opinion: "Govern people with benevolence, govern me with righteousness, be kind to oneself and be generous to others, this is what we call it." ("Chun Qiu Fan Lu·Benevolence and Righteousness Law") "Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Ju Nan" also said : "Therefore, when a gentleman blames others, he uses benevolence, and when he blames himself, he uses righteousness. When he blames others, he uses benevolence, and it is easy to do it. When he is easy, he wins people. When he blames himself, he uses righteousness to make it difficult to do wrong. When it is difficult to do wrong, he behaves in a disguised manner." Zhu Xi commented: "Rebuke yourself. If you are generous, your body will be bettered; if you blame others less, it will be easy for others to follow, so they will be resentful if they don't get it." ("Analects of Confucius")

·A gentleman seeks everything from himself, while a villain seeks everything from others

Confucius’ famous sayings. The four views in "The Analects of Confucius" have the same purpose but slightly different texts. "Xueer" contains: "Confucius said: 'If you don't worry about others, you don't know yourself; when you worry, you don't know others.'" This means that you don't have to worry about others not knowing you. What you should worry about is that you don't know others. "Li Ren" writes: "Don't worry if you don't know what you know, you can know what you want to do." The previous sentence has the same meaning, and the second sentence means: I should worry about what I have for others to know. "Xian Wen" wrote: "If you don't worry about others, you don't know it. If you worry about it, you can't do it." "Wei Linggong" also wrote: "The gentleman is sick and incompetent, but if you don't know the patient, you don't know it." Zhu Xi's note: Confucius "On this matter , it has been said many times, and the meaning of Ding Ning can also be seen." ("Analects of Confucius") Wang Euzhi's note: "It can take away my name but not my ambition; it can trap me in circumstances but not trap me in the innocence of heaven and man." , there is no trouble." ("Four Books")

·Don't use words to lift people up, and don't use people to waste words.

Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: Don't use words to lift people, don't use people to waste words." Bao Xian's note: "Those who have words do not have to be virtuous, so they cannot use words to lift people." Wang Su's note : "Don't discard good words without virtue." It means not to recommend someone because of their pleasant words, nor to despise someone because of their shortcomings. Confucius's prudent and comprehensive skills in raising people and listening to words were valued by later generations.

·Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you

Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: When you go out, you feel like seeing a distinguished guest, and the people feel like receiving a great sacrifice.

Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No resentment in the country, no resentment at home. "This is what Confucius said about benevolence. "Wei Linggong": "Zigong asked: Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life? Confucius said: How can I forgive you? Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. "This also means forgiveness. Confucius often uses "forgiveness" to explain "benevolence". Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary": "Forgiveness means respecting oneself and others. This is what Zigong said: "I don't want others to do anything to me, and I also want nothing to be done to others." " ("Gongye Chang") Since then, Confucianism has emphasized "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" in order to implement "benevolent government".

·Small impatience will mess up big plans

Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: Clever words mess up virtue, and small impatience messes up great plans. "Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Small intolerance is like the benevolence of a woman and the courage of a man. ” He also said: “A woman’s benevolence cannot endure love; a man’s courage cannot endure anger, both of which can disrupt great plans.” "(Volume 45 of "Zhuzi Yulei") The contemporary Yang Shuda also divided into three meanings: "cannot bear anger"; "cannot bear to be kind, and cannot cut off kindness with justice"; "cannot bear to give up money by being stingy" ("The Analects of Confucius") .

·People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.

Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: 'People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.' ’” It means that people can enlarge the Tao, but they cannot use the Tao to enlarge a great person. Wang Su noted: “Those with great talents have great Tao, and those with small talents have Tao with small ones, so they cannot promote others.” ” Zhu Xi’s note: “There is no way for people outside the way, and there is no one outside the way.” However, the human heart is aware, but the Tao body is inactive. Therefore, a person can magnify his Tao, but the Tao cannot magnify his person. "("Analects of Confucius") Dong Zhongshu also quoted this sentence in "Countermeasures between Heaven and Man", saying that it is up to oneself to control chaos, waste and prosperity. Today's Yang Bojun believes that it is inconsistent with his will.

·Do your duty to the teacher

Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius: Duke Lingyang of Wei": "Confucius said: 'Do not give in to the teacher. ’” “Being benevolent” has two interpretations: one is to face benevolence; the other is to shoulder the important task of realizing benevolence. Zhu Xi’s note: “Being benevolent means taking benevolence as one’s responsibility. Although there is nothing inferior to a teacher, he said that if he goes forward bravely, he will do it. Gai Ren is what people have and do for themselves. There is no struggle. How can it be inferior to existence? " ("Analects of Confucius") The word "teacher" is generally interpreted as "teacher". The recent scholar Qian Muxun means "all people".

·Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing

Confucius' famous saying comes from The Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said: 'You! Do you know this? To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. ’” The “knowledge” of “Zhiye” is the same as wisdom. Zhu Xi’s note: “Zilu was very brave, and there were those who thought he knew what he didn’t know, so his old husband told him. "("Analects of Confucius") What is recorded in "Xunzi·Zidao" can be evidenced: Zilu saw Confucius in rich clothes. Confucius said: "Now that women's clothes are rich and full of color, who in the world is willing to admonish women." "Also said: "Therefore, when a gentleman knows something, he says he knows it; if he doesn't know it, he says he doesn't know it, and he says it is essential; if he can do it, he says he can do it; if he cannot do it, he says he can't do it, and he does it to the best of his ability. "Another chapter of "Confucianism" says: "When you know, you say you know it; when you don't know, you say you don't know it. You don't accuse yourself internally, and you don't deceive yourself externally. You respect the virtuous and fear the law and don't dare to be arrogant. This is the refined Confucianism. "

·An ordinary man cannot seize his ambition

Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: 'Three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his ambition. ’” Kong Anguo’s note: “Although the three armies are numerous, but the hearts of the people are not unified, the generals can seize them; even though the men are weak, they can only maintain their ambitions, so they cannot be captured and seize them. Zhu Xi quoted Hou as saying: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the common man lies in himself." Therefore, the commander can be captured but the ambition cannot be captured. If it can be taken away, it is not enough to be called ambition. "("Analects of Confucius") Chapter "Li Xin·缁衣" also says: "Confucius said: 'Words have things and actions have patterns. Therefore, one cannot take away one's ambition in life, and one cannot take one's reputation in death'. ”

·To listen to the Tao and speak it in vain is to abandon virtue

Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yanghuo": "Confucius said: 'To listen to the Tao and to preach it in vain is to abandon virtue." Abandon it. ’” Huang Kanshu said: “The study of memorizing questions is not enough to be a teacher. Teachers must review the past to learn the new, study it carefully for a long time, and then they can teach it to others. If you listen to the road, it will be said by people, and there will be a lot of fallacies. Therefore, it is abandoned by the virtuous. He also abandons his own virtue. Qian Mu, a recent scholar, said: "It is easy to hear the Tao, and it is easy to speak the Tao." Even if it enters Zi's ears and comes out of his mouth, even if he hears good words, he does not keep them as his own, and his virtue will never be achieved. "("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Daliue": "A gentleman does not speak when in doubt, and does not speak when he has not asked. The road is getting farther and farther. "It has a similar meaning to Confucius' opposition to hearsay.

·Tao is different and does not work together

Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'Tao If they are different, they will not conspire against each other.' ""Historical Records·Bo Yi Biography" quotes this saying: "If the ways are different, they will not conspire against each other, and each will follow his own ambition. "The Biography of Lao Zhuang and Shen Han" said: "Those who study Lao Tzu in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is inferior to Lao Tzu. If the Tao is different, they do not seek each other. How can this be said?" Qian Mu, a recent scholar, has two interpretations. One is, "Gentlemen also have different opinions and deeds, but if they are the same as the Tao, they can work together." However, villains who are traitors to the Tao are divided into good and evil, evil and righteous, so it is difficult for them to plot against each other. "The first one is "Tao refers to martial arts, such as shooting and chastity, each has its own focus and does not work against each other. " ("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius")

There are three different paces of time: it means that there are three explanations for the flow of time:

What is late is the future, which means that the future It is out of reach, so it comes slowly. (For example, if you want to go 100 years from now, is it possible? Don’t you have to wait for his arrival slowly?)

The urgent thing is now. , it means that the time we pass is very fast now, and the time we pass every day is very fast.

The past is always stationary.

It means that the past has passed, and you have no way to change it, so it is still.

When it is walking slowly, no matter how impatient it is, it cannot speed up its pace.

As it flies by, fear and doubt cannot block its path.

No remorse, no spell, can make the stillness move an inch.

It means that you have to rush to the future 10.100 years later. No matter how hard you try or how impatient you are, it will be impossible. However, the time you live every day will still pass by as usual, even if You don’t want to watch the flow of time like this, it is still passing silently. History has passed, what happened has happened, and it is impossible to change.

You must be happy and smart Man, after completing the journey of your life, you must listen to the teachings of those who come late, and do not be a puppet of your actions.

Don’t choose the fleeting as your friend, don’t choose the still as your enemy.

No matter which path you take in the future, you must remember the teachings of time, which are the teachings of the road you have traveled before.

It means cherishing the present and looking forward to the future. Accept the past, look forward to the future, and don’t live a day-to-day life.

There are three different paces of time:

What comes late is the future,

The present is as fast as a flying arrow,

The past remains motionless forever.

When it is walking slowly, no matter how impatient it is,

it cannot speed up its steps.

As it flies by, fear and doubt,

cannot block its path.

No remorse, no spell,