What are the functions of the famous quotes at the beginning of Doubt and Knowledge are as follows:

The two famous quotes at the beginning of the text play the role of proposing the central argument and serving as a theoretical argument in the whole text. They also make the beginning of the text Seems quite innovative.

Doubt and knowledge argumentation methods and functions

Doubt refers to the thinking process of questioning a certain thing or point of view. It can help us examine the authenticity and reliability of things, remind us to keep our thinking active, and stimulate our desire to further pursue the truth. Doubt can stimulate our curiosity, prompt us to think deeply and explore, thereby promoting the development of human society.

In scientific research, doubt is the key to scientific progress. Scientists continue to conduct experiments and observations by questioning existing theories and assumptions to discover new truths. Doubt makes scientific research fair and objective, avoids the influence of subjective consciousness and bias, and ensures the reliability and credibility of scientific research.

The intellectual argumentation method is a method of verifying opinions and assertions through logical reasoning and evidence support. It is a way of thinking based on doubt and aims to achieve the purpose of understanding and explaining things through a rigorous argumentation process. The purpose of academic argumentation methods is to ensure that our opinions and conclusions are reasonable, reliable, and falsifiable.

The methods of intellectual argumentation include various logical reasoning methods such as induction, deduction, comparison, and empirical methods. By using these methods, we can think and analyze an issue comprehensively and deeply from multiple angles and different evidences. The method of intellectual argumentation enables us to avoid subjective assumptions and one-sided views and improve our thinking ability and judgment.

Interpretation of the article

At the beginning of the article, the article uses the famous sayings of Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai to put forward the point of view of this article: Scholarship must have a skeptical spirit. Then explain the reasons for this argument.

Then he explains in detail how to read and study with a "sceptical spirit". Summarize the sub-argument of "Doubt is a necessary step to identify falsehood and eliminate falsehood on the negative side", and put forward another sub-argument in the last paragraph: "Doubt is also a basic condition for building new doctrines and enlightening new inventions on the positive side."

Gu Jiegang (1893-1980), whose original name was Songkun and whose courtesy name was Mingjian. A native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. Graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1920. He is a famous historian, folklorist, founder of the "Ancient History" school in modern China, and a pioneer and founder of modern historical geography and folklore. He is the author of "A Brief Academic History of the Han Dynasty" and "The Preliminary Collection of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Shilin".