1.

After flipping through most of the book "Walden", I honestly can't understand many passages. Only the chapters about animals are interesting and interesting to read. Feel fresh.

The first animal that attracts attention is the rooster. The most ordinary poultry suddenly looks majestic and pitiful in the author's writing. The author Thoreau describes them like this: Roosters were originally pheasants. Their crows are the most beautiful music in the world, better than all other animals. Unfortunately, most of the time it is their wives, hens, who fill the gaps in their voices. Because of their noise, it is no wonder that they can only be poultry in the end, let alone chicken legs and eggs. These words can't help but make people desperately try to recall the sound of the rooster's morning crow. The result is that they are at a loss, except for the mechanical "ooh" sound coming from the written word. As for the hens, I just remember that they kept clucking and clucking after laying eggs.

How can there be so many wild animals in Walden Pond? It seems that the author greets them casually every day. The familiar ones are ants, but the ants there are so like warriors. After reading the ant battle, people really dare not underestimate those tiny creatures. Cute and pitiful partridge chicks, they only obey their mother and their own instincts. Their bodies with plump little feathers blend into the fallen leaves and branches, and they can stay in the same posture and remain motionless. When a stranger picks it up or steps on it, it remains motionless, or looks at you with pure eyes. The funniest thing is of course the loon, which always laughs wildly when it dives from one end of the lake to the other, making a lot of fun of the hunters or observers. What kind of bird is that? A bird that can penetrate deep into the fish at the bottom of the lake.

After all, humans are animals too, just advanced animals. The author predicts that the result of human progress will inevitably be to give up meat, just as the savages gave up the bad habit of cannibalism after approaching civilization. I don’t know if humans will give up meat one day, but I’m just curious about the sound of rabbits. The author said in the book: When the rabbit reached its end, it screamed like a child. Regarding rabbits, the most profound impression is of a hare hitting a tree trunk, but there is no written record of a poor rabbit being hunted.

2.

More than 160 years ago, an American named David Thoreau lived in seclusion by Walden Pond for three years. He built a cabin alone and Fishing, hunting, farming, meditating, writing, and finally a great collection of essays "Walden" was born. "Walden" deeply influenced a generation, and many great people also read this book. The book still shines today. With dazzling brilliance and far-reaching influence. This book was also selected as one of the "25 Books That Shape Readers" by the Library of Congress.

This book was written in the middle of the 19th century, which was a period of rapid development of capitalism. Under the historical background of that time, the author was able to brave the disapproval of the world and be so maverick and with great ambition. A simple and pure heart embarked on such an extraordinary journey. This kind of courage and courage is extremely admirable. It is even more admirable that Thoreau can have such pure thoughts without any pollution from the world. It makes me awe-struck! This clear thought is like a fresh wind passing through the hearts of all those who have read this book. It can't help but cheer people up. He wants people to understand that there is another kind of life in this world besides the pursuit of material life. , is a simple life that can bring great happiness! Material life is indeed very tempting. With money, it seems that you can do whatever you want. There are gorgeous villas, high-end private cars, sumptuous meals, eye-catching clothes and jewelry, etc., so people are pursuing them all the time. Wealth, after having a considerable amount of money, there is no end to wanting more. It will not be until he is old that he will realize what role he played in his life.

This reminds me of a story. A fisherman makes a living by fishing all day long. He only catches a small amount of fish every day, which is enough to eat for one day, and then he basks leisurely in the sun on the beach. One day, a rich man saw him lazily basking in the sun. The sun went over and criticized the fisherman for being lazy and lazy. The rich man said, "Why don't you engage in aquaculture? How much money can you make in a few years?" The fisherman said, "Why do you make so much money?" The rich man said, "This way. If you don’t go fishing every day, the fisherman asked: “What will I do if I don’t go fishing every day?” The rich man looked very proud and said, “You can just bask in the sun leisurely all day long!” Said: "Aren't I just relaxing in the sun now?" The rich man was speechless.

Generally speaking, I think that only Easterners are willing to live a hermit life like this, and now I even doubt whether there are such hermits in the East now, as if such characters can only live in In the distant ancient times, I often thought like this. If I lived in ancient times, I would like to live a life in the mountains and forests, where birds would fly away in thousands of mountains, and all traces of people would disappear, and I would be alone in a boat and a man with a hat, fishing alone in the snow in the cold river. The mountains are lush, the trails are blurry, the mountains and lakes are quiet, the purple mist is rising, the boat is on the cold river, and the ice and snow are flowing, it makes people feel intoxicated just thinking about it! However, can people who can live such a life without worries really exist? Most of the hermits in ancient times were scholar-bureaucrats who were unsuccessful in officialdom. How could ordinary people have such leisure? How could they leave them alone and travel around the world according to their own temperament? Obviously it is not possible, so it is really unrealistic to live a secluded life without caring about worldly affairs, whether in ancient times or today. David Thoreau, the author of "Walden Pond", only lived in the mountains and forests for three years before returning to the world again. Entering the world, even this experience is precious. Who can spend three years trying this simple life and record their own thoughts with interest?

Harding once said that "Walden" is rich in content and far-reaching significance. It is an authoritative guide to simple life, a true description of nature, a crusade against the money society, and a long-lasting masterpiece. A literary masterpiece is a holy book. "Walden Pond"

Thoreau's love for Walden Pond, his love for the cabin, his love for the mountains and forests, his love for the small animals in the forest, and his love for all things in nature are permeated between the lines. What a sentiment! When reading this book, I often tried to put myself in Thoreau's position. I felt that only then did I live sincerely, without any pretense or pretense. Everything in the book was so natural, the so-called purification of the soul. That’s it! What is even more impressive is that every time you read it, you will have a new feeling. The plain sentences contain the deepest philosophical thoughts. Many places have to be read over and over to appreciate the richness of their emotions!

“What I am proud of is that a visitor used a yellow walnut leaf as a business card and wrote several Spenser poems on it. /p>

'People come here and enrich the hut,

No need for extra hospitality;

Rest is a feast, everything goes as it comes,

< p> The noblest soul is the most contented. '"

"I hope our farmers can feel the same awe when they cut down a forest as the ancient Romans felt when they cut down a sacred grove. They feel the same awe they feel when they thin out the trees to allow light to pass through, because they feel that this forest belongs to some god."

"There are a thousand people cutting down the sinful branches, but there is only one. One person is slashing at the root of sin."

"I like to have leisure in my life. Sometimes, on a summer morning, after taking a bath as usual, I sit in the warm sunshine. In front of me, from the red sun rising in the east to the bright noon, I sit in this forest of pine trees, hickory trees and sumac trees, sitting in the solitude and silence far away from the hustle and bustle, meditating."

" The so-called tomorrow will never come even if time ends. The light that makes us turn a blind eye is darkness to us. The dawn will only dawn when we are awake, and the sun is just a morning star.

”

Although we cannot appreciate the lonely mountain life like Thoreau, and although Walden Pond has disappeared forever, none of these can prevent us from having a clear lake of Walden in our hearts. The lake can refresh the soul at any time. According to Thoreau, go explore your heart!

Have you heard the sound of butterflies?

After reading "Val" After the three chapters of "Walden Pond" and "Sounds", I particularly envy Thoreau. He was able to enjoy the sounds of nature in the peaceful world near Walden Pond: the sweet and melodious croaking of cows, the desolate and sad lyrics of owls, the intermittent The nightingale's evening prayer, watching the sun drying the furniture, and the osprey catching fish, leisurely and at ease, integrated with nature, I can't help but feel that he is actually just a creature in nature, with nothing special except that he can think, which must be what the author hopes This is the state.

I haven’t heard the sounds of animals for a long time. The school does not allow pets. Modern life is too noisy. The cafeteria is very noisy. Some people are temporarily deaf after eating. It feels like the air conditioner in the library keeps buzzing, and there are all kinds of mobile phone ringtones one after another; there are too many couples in Wenshan Lake, and their whispers completely cover the chirping sounds of the few remaining bugs... ·. It’s hard for me to find a place where I can hear the sounds of nature even in a pure land like campus, and even less so outside the school. There are so many people on the street, everyone is in such a hurry, and they are talking so excitedly that I feel like I am drowning. It was in everyone's mouth; there were also those motor vehicles that kept spitting out black smoke, roaring and sighing without scruples, smoking people to death and shaking them unconscious. It was not a deliberate use of the topic to complain about the bad life, but sometimes I was very sad and wanted to find a place. I feel really depressed when I can't calm down and think hard. I hide under the covers and take a nap, comforting myself that everything will be fine when I wake up. My roommate's keyboard is crackling, and then I stare at the ceiling in a daze... ··There are too many sounds in our lives, and it seems that the only thing missing is the sound of nature.

Thoreau said that it is not enough to just read a book, even if it is a classic, we should read nature. This book can greatly extend your life. Listening to the sounds of nature is the most important way to read nature. Unfortunately, we rarely have the opportunity to listen carefully. There are objective and subjective reasons. The objective one is that the city is too noisy as I mentioned above. There is no room for creatures other than us humans and those cats and dogs with their tails between their legs; the most important reason is that we are too busy. I met a friend online a few days ago and asked him what he has been busy with recently. He replied, Busy with exams, busy with work, busy with arguing with people, busy with games, in short, he is very busy. I believe most people are like this all the time. Maybe we will not be busy until the day we are too busy. Know what you are busy with. We look at others' promotions with red eyes, but we never see the quiet mountains and forests. We listen to the leaders' reprimands, women's nagging, and children's noises, but we don't listen to the gurgling streams in the mountains. < /p>

Listening to the sounds of nature does not waste life, but prolongs and enriches life. Recently, I came across an article titled "Have you heard the sound of butterflies?" I haven't heard of it, but I have heard of Bee in my hometown. The author said that he caught a butterfly in the countryside and held it in the palm of his hand. The butterfly was struggling hard. He put his hand to his ear and then let go. Suddenly he heard a weak sigh from the butterfly. The author was surprised and shocked and shed tears. , it turns out that there are so many things in nature that he still doesn’t know. I also suddenly felt very desolate, what is the purpose of life, what have I gained, and so much have been lost.

Enjoy loneliness

Thoreau said that the measure of loneliness is not the distance between people. I think this is a very good statement and points out the truth of life. A person who talks loudly with people every day, goes to various drinking parties, and seems to be close to everyone may be very lonely; a person who is alone every day may not necessarily be lonely and depressed to death. Loneliness is a very spiritual thing, and spiritual matters must be solved by the spirit. Only by constantly thinking can people truly not be lonely; or if they think thoroughly and have spiritual sustenance, they will no longer be lonely. Thoreau thought through it and accepted loneliness. He said that his loneliness was nothing compared to the distance between stars.

Under the words, I think Thoreau is supporting another writer's words - man is born lonely.

Everyone is an independent body of thought. Even close lovers who get along day and night cannot truly enter our world. To say that we are in love with each other is just self-deception. Zhou Guoping said that there are two kinds of loneliness. The soul searches for its own source and destination but cannot find it, and feels that it is an unfounded contingency in the vast universe. This is absolute, metaphysical, and philosophical loneliness. The soul is looking for another soul but cannot find it, and feels that it is a wanderer without a traveling companion in the world. This is relative, physical, and social loneliness. Since loneliness is human destiny, denying it, avoiding it and deliberately interacting with others will become lonely. Just like Thoreau said, we live too crowded, hinder each other, and lose respect for each other. Without that understanding of self-deception, I feel even more lonely. It is better to accept it calmly, enjoy solitude, and enjoy the dialogue with yourself and nature. If you can't be calm on a stormy night like Thoreau, then it's not bad to be lonely like Tagore: I would rather sit in the corner where the shadow of the walls meet together, very poetic loneliness.

In the development of Latin American literature for more than a hundred years, many different schools have emerged: Chilean poet Neruda’s thinking on human nature, Venezuelan writer Caspars’ praise of the harmonious virtues of nature, both have deeply infected people. The famous Colombian writer García Márquez created the literary genre of magical realism with his magical thoughts and narratives about the real world, for which the author also won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

When we first start reading "One Hundred Years of Solitude", we will find two strange things in the work. One is that most of the stories told in the book are absurd; the other is the repetition of names in the work. Appearances and recurrences of the same weird things. In real life, it is impossible for rain to last for more than four years. It is impossible for an elderly priest to float in the air after just taking a sip of cocoa tea. The deceased will not return to the world because he cannot bear the loneliness. 'But it all happened to the family. What’s even more strange is that in the book, in this family that has lasted for more than a hundred years, the man is either named Arcadio or Aureliano, and all kinds of strange things in the family are revealed by the first generation founder of the family, Arcadio. This happened repeatedly to Cadio and Aureliano, the last guardian of the family. Relevant to the author's creation era and living environment, it is not difficult for us to find out what this symbolizes.

Latin America, this vast land, contains endless mysteries and has created glorious ancient civilizations. However, the modern history of Latin America is full of shame and oppression, bloodshed and tragedy. For more than a century from the mid-19th century to the 1970s, this mysterious land has experienced hundreds of changes. In the 1970s when the author was writing, almost all of Latin America was under the rule of a military dictatorship. With his profound political insights and keen insight, the author discovered that the history of Latin America for more than a hundred years did not advance in waves or spirals, but was just a vicious circle that kept repeating itself. This is why the things about the people in the book keep repeating themselves.

In "One Hundred Years of Solitude", the author uses dreamlike language to describe the hardships of starting a business, the emergence of civilization, reproduction and survival, love and betrayal, glory and dreams, the emergence of capitalism, and the outbreak of civil war. The entry of monopoly capitalism, the struggle for democracy and peace, and other major events that can affect Latin America, have concentrated them in a small village called Macondo. Every member of the Buendia family is deeply involved. at the end of the story. Aureliano, the last guardian of the family, said after reading the parchment that recorded the fate of this century-old family: "I have seen everything in it and already know it!" The author used this summary From the mouth of the figure, he expressed his views on the century-old history of Latin America, that is, the history of more than a hundred years of modern Latin America has been repeated, and the development and historical process of Latin America have stagnated.

Old Buendia, the founder of the family, and his wife Ursula, led their relatives and friends through hardships to a vast new world. At that time, this uncultivated virgin land had not yet been cultivated. Name it, and the owners of this new world have never thought of establishing a ruler to manage this place. They live a life similar to self-sufficiency.

They experienced the hardships of starting a business and the joy of harvest. They brought civilization to this land and gave it a name: Macondo. But as time went by, the old Buendia gradually lost his curiosity about the unknown and the courage to explore. Not just because of his premonition or simply meaningless behavior, the old Buendia began to make metal goldfish in his laboratory, but every time he made twenty, he melted them down and made them again. This symbolizes that Macondo he created, and even the entire modern history of Latin America, has been trapped in a vicious cycle from the beginning.

Arcadio and Aureliano are the second generation of the family, but these two people have embarked on completely opposite paths. Arcadio went to sea with the circus when he was young and did not return for more than ten years; while Aureliano embarked on the path of a soldier and started a civil war that almost affected the whole country. The cause of the civil war was that the government would forcibly manage the "paradise" of Macondo. This symbolizes the beginning of resistance to oppression after the beginning of civilization. Aureliano, Colonel Buendia in the book, is a man with a legendary experience. He led his men through countless battles and finally made the government sit on the opposite side of the negotiating table. But the peace he fought for was soon ruined in the hands of the next generation. He was already old when he discovered all this. He planned to fight again to defend people's freedom but found that he was unable to do so. Finally, he also fell into the cycle of firing goldfish.

It is passed down from generation to generation in the family. Members of the American generation have experienced turbulent moments in history and have gradually aged. Arcadio, the third generation, has witnessed the rise of monopoly capital and the ferocity of exploitation. Later, Aureliano witnessed the final and short-lived prosperity of self-sufficient agriculture in this virgin land. The original prosperity soon ended, replaced by the encroachment of monopoly capitalism and the demise of autarky. When a man in the family died, this century-old family quickly fell into decline, until Aureliano, the last guardian of the family, discovered in the parchment that all this was just the inevitable fate of the family, which could never be escaped. Cycle, and then I suddenly realized. And this century-old family finally completely disappeared from this world and never appeared again.

Another consistent person in the family is Ursula. She has never read a parchment, but she is far more prophetic than everyone else. Long before the parchment was deciphered, she had said to herself in her heart, "I have seen these things before they happened, and I have known them for a long time." What does this wise man symbolize? Do ordinary people have eternal wisdom, or is it the true meaning of historical cycles? Only the author knows.

"One Hundred Years of Solitude" is an interesting work. It does not have a spectacular plot, and the development of the story is even more puzzling. After you finish reading it and think about it for a long time, you can feel the author's repetition of history. Reflections on Latin America’s Hundred Years of Solitude. And couldn't help but be immersed in it. I think this is why this work is so fascinating!

The gang to which "Marquez" belongs is called magical realism, and "One Hundred Years of Solitude" is the representative work of this school.

1. Historical background

Western imperialist colonization reached its peak in the 19th century. Due to economic competition and the lack of new colonies, two world wars broke out. The wars greatly weakened the power of imperialism, but the people of the colonies and semi-colonies slowly learned new science, technology and management concepts. After World War II, each colony became independent.

But looking at the history of the Americas, we will find something different. The Americas have been colonized by Europe since the 16th century. However, because they were exposed to new knowledge earlier, they became independent earlier. The first to become independent was the United States, which immigrated to, and then Haiti. Under the leadership of Bolivar and San Martin, most countries in Latin America gained independence in the 19th century.

However, this independence is limited. The economies of most countries are not independent. This situation has not been greatly improved to this day. And politically, it's basically white people who govern as the ruling class. Therefore, when the strength of imperialism was damaged and revolutionary waves surged, intellectuals in Latin American countries were infected and also called for revolution, but more importantly, they demanded economic independence and political democracy. These demands were culturally The response must be nationalization of form and realism of expression.

2. What kind of magic

Magical realism is a genre crowned by the West, which has the right to speak. So, whether they really belong to magic is debatable. Colonial culture is a mixed-race culture. Naturally, nationalization cannot be inclined towards the white culture of the colonists, so the cultural roots can only be found in Indian culture. Unfortunately, from a modern point of view, Indian culture does not have much to learn from or be proud of (I do not agree with this view). All we can learn from are some Indian superstitions and myths, which are equivalent to our country's fox fairy lies. Is this kind of thing considered magic? I have no idea.

The magical expression technique of magic realism is deeply rooted in Indian culture. It is not just an imagination. The close connection between superstition and rumors and life is also deeply rooted in Indian farmers. in life. Therefore, what is a very novel feeling to us is just the norm for some people on the earth.

Of course, art is condensed life.

3. What kind of reality

The wishes of intellectuals are often beautiful, but the reality is always sad. "One Hundred Years of Solitude" reflects the numbness and unawakened life of the poor people in Latin America; the dissatisfaction with social reality, especially the tyranny of rule. With only a magical form and lack of realism, the book will not have such a high status. At best, it is just a Latin American version of "Harry Potter". But reality is much crueler than realism.

Due to economic lack of independence, after national democratic revolutions were basically realized around the world, the democratic revolutions in Latin American countries failed one after another. Allende's short-lived rule and the chaotic management of the Ferlon regime showed that the Latin American revolution lacked a group of middle-class intellectuals who understood the revolutionary line and had management experience.

4. Future prospects

Magical realism has now declined. The new generation of writers is a generation that grew up eating McDonald's, drinking Coca-Cola, and listening to rock music. They are more modern, but among them there are no writers with such global influence as Neruda and Marquez. History develops in a spiral shape, and opportunities for nationalization are buried at the peak of world integration. The premise of revolution is the awakening of the nation. The awakening of the nation depends on the criticism of old ideas and the birth of new ideas, and the birth of new ideas often relies on learning from older ideas. Only national works are global. Only when they are rooted in the people can works have vitality. Magical realism may not have a tomorrow, but new magical realism will definitely have a tomorrow.

It reminds me of a person who is still unknown to few people in China: Che Guevara. Argentina is his home country.

He is worshiped by many people in the West. The photos taken after his death are seen as the crucifixion of Jesus. Many young people still have his image on their T-shirts. He has also been to China.

He participated in the Cuban Revolution and was on the cover of Time magazine. Time said he was the brains of Cuba. He made outstanding contributions to the construction of Cuba.

He is a true proletarian revolutionary. He said, "Other parts of the world need me to contribute my meager strength... The time has come for us to part ways. My mood at the moment is a mixture of sadness and joy. : Here, I left my best hope as an entrepreneur, my dearest people... and the people who treated me as a son; this made me feel deep pain in my heart. I will take these things to new battlefields with the spirit of fulfilling my most sacred duty: to fight imperialism wherever it exists; this is enough to inspire people and heal any wound."

< p> So he continued to fight in the African Congo and Bolivia, fighting for his ideals until his death. When he was sacrificed, his face was haggard, like Jesus' crucifixion. . . Then billions of hearts in the world were aroused and remembered that suffering face.

And I only read about him once, and then I remembered him deeply. . . .

Perhaps, this is the true epic of the nation of One Hundred Years of Solitude?

The photo of Che Guevara in Time Magazine is one of the classic works of photography. I have stared at him for a long time and felt his strength.

Ore Colonel Liannuo is also an idealist. In the end, he found that the struggle in life seems to be meaningless. Living peacefully is the essence of human beings in this world. Once the era does not belong to him, he still has the urge to revolution.

But Aureliano is a great man, a truly great man. In him you can see that he is dedicated to his career and relationships at all costs. This emotional madness seems to be the result of reason. His morality is based on his ideals, so it has also achieved his great career. As Jack London said: Morality has no meaning in cruel competition. He is not a secular person, and úrsula, In the healthy human mind represented by this so-called great mother, apart from admiration for him, he cannot understand his son, because there are no battles and ideals in her world, only personal hard work and dedication (that is, motherhood?) .

I have somewhat understood the limitations of human beings, and I am reminded of a point in the Bible: only God is almighty, and humans are just poor people who think that they can change the world with their own hands. They will not understand until they die. The little bit of pride we have gained from the creations we have discovered, and the enrichments that have been given to us, are insignificant and ridiculous in the wisdom of God. The result is that nothing has changed, but only belongs to ourselves in the human world. It’s just a lot of tossing in the world.

Maybe God is just like this, just joking with everything in the world.

Loneliness is close to God. When Rebeca chose her brother , she already believed that the spirit has no practical effect except pain. She broke her morality and vented her long-term repression to the extreme. But in the end, she still missed her first lover, but I did not feel sympathy from the author's writing. , but just ridicule and indifference. Rebeca's loneliness is that she seems to only live at the extreme of sensuality and spirit, and her existence is a disaster. It seems that only by constantly eating soil can she root her life in the soil. She was the most important feature of the turmoil and uneasiness of that era, escaping the almost cursed distress.

Written in an essay, it is not a rigorous essay, it is just my opinion, not comprehensive. I think of comparisons The characters that haunt me, some of my feelings.