Buffon (1707 ~ 1788), also translated by Buffon,18th century French naturalist and writer. Born in a lawyer's family in Mombasa, his original name was George Louis Leclerc, but he changed his surname to De Buffon because of inheritance. When I was a teenager, I loved science, especially math. 1728 studied medicine for two years after graduation. 1730, I met a young British duke and traveled to the south of France, Switzerland and Italy together. Under the influence of the Duke's tutor and German scholar Sinkman, he studied hard on natural history. From 65438 to 0733, he joined the French Academy of Sciences as an assistant researcher, published a report on forestry, and translated the botany works of British scholars and Newton's calculus. 1739 became an associate researcher and was appointed as the manager of the royal garden and the royal study until his death. After Buffon became the general manager, in addition to expanding the Imperial Garden, he also established the organization "Correspondents of French Imperial Garden and Natural History Research Office", which attracted many famous experts, scholars and travelers at home and abroad and collected a large number of samples and specimens of animals, plants and minerals. Taking advantage of this superior condition, Buffon devoted himself to the study of natural history all his life, and worked hard every day for forty years, and finally wrote a 36-volume masterpiece Natural History. This is a natural history, including earth history, human history, animal history, bird history and mineral history. It synthesizes numerous factual materials, gives an accurate, detailed and scientific description and explanation of nature, and puts forward many valuable viewpoints. It is Buffon's great contribution to modern science to get rid of all kinds of religious superstitions and ignorant rumors and expel God from the universe. He insisted on explaining the formation of the earth and the origin of human beings from the materialistic point of view, pointing out that the earth has many similarities with the sun, and the earth is a cool little sun; The material evolution on the earth produced plants and animals, and finally human beings; The evolution of human beings is not that Adam and Eve, the ancestor of human beings, ate the forbidden fruit to gain wisdom, but that they gained knowledge and increased their talents in social practice. Buffon observed and studied the earth, mountains, rivers and oceans, looking for the root causes of ground changes, and created a precedent for modern geology. Especially in the Origin of Species, he advocated the theory of biotransformation, pointing out that species mutate due to the influence of environment, climate and nutrition, which had a direct impact on the later evolution theory. Darwin called him "the first person to treat this problem scientifically in modern times" (Introduction to the Origin of Species). The literary value of natural history is also very high, among which the description of animal activity patterns is especially artistic. On the basis of scientific observation, the author sketched the portraits of various animals with vivid language, and also reflected the anti-feudal democratic ideological tendency to some extent through anthropomorphism. 1749, three volumes of natural prehistory were published, which caused a sensation in European academic circles. Because it explained the origin of the world from a materialistic point of view, it was accused by the theological fortress of the theological seminary of Paris University as "deviant" and demanded "religious sanctions". Buffon was forced to write to the seminary to declare that he "had no intention of refuting the Bible" and promised to publish this letter at the forefront when the fourth volume of natural history was published in the future. Later, in natural history, in order to hide the eyes and ears of theologians, he often carried out the name of God. But he whispered to people, "just change the name and put it on the force of nature." In fact, he still sticks to his materialistic stance. The successive publication of various volumes of natural history has brought Buffon a greater reputation. 1753 was elected as an academician of the French Academy. On the Style is a famous speech delivered at the time of admission, and it is a classic literary theory. In view of the fashion of pursuing beauty and exquisiteness in the literary world at that time, he called for articles to be meaningful and approachable, and put forward the famous saying that "style is people", emphasizing the decisive role of ideological content in artistic form. 1777, the French government built a bronze statue for him in the imperial garden, which read in Latin: "For a genius as great as nature". This is Buffon's highest honor before his death. Buffon's main work "Natural History" is a natural history, including