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Excerpt 3 of "Sophie's World"

Why building blocks are the most ingenious toy in the world

First of all, Sophie does not think that building blocks are the most ingenious toy in the world. She hadn't played with it in years. Besides, she really couldn't see the connection between building blocks and philosophy.

She started playing with blocks. She hadn't done this for a long time. As she started, some ideas about building blocks began to appear in her mind.

Now Sophie began to think that building blocks were indeed the most ingenious toy in the world. But she still didn't understand what this had to do with philosophy. She had almost finished building a very large doll's house. Although she didn't want to admit it, the fact was that she hadn't had so much fun in a long, long time.

Democritus believed that nature is composed of countless atoms of various shapes. Some of them are smooth circles and some are irregular zigzag shapes. Because their shapes are so different, they can be combined into a variety of different objects. Yet, however infinite their number and shape may be, they are eternal and indivisible.

They can be reused again and again, which is why building blocks are so popular. The same building block can be used to build a truck today and a castle tomorrow. We can also say that building blocks are "eternal" toys, because the building blocks that parents played with when they were young can be given to the next generation to play with.

Democritus did not believe in any "force" or "soul" involved in the changing processes of nature. He believed that the only things that existed in the world were atoms and void. Since he only believes in material things, we call him a materialist.

Democritus believed that the soul was composed of a special "soul atom" that was both round and smooth. When a person dies, the soul atoms are scattered around and may become part of a new soul.

Nature must be composed of many unchanging tiny units.

Heraclitus's idea that all forms in nature are "flowing" is obviously right, because everyone will die, animals will die, and even mountains will slowly disintegrate. The point is that mountains are made up of tiny, indivisible units that never break down.

Fortune tellers try to predict something that is actually extremely unpredictable

"Superstition", what a strange term. If you believe in Christianity or Islam, that’s called “faith,” but if you believe in astrology or that Friday the 13th is unlucky, that’s superstition! Who has the right to say that what others believe is "superstitious"?

"Is disease a punishment from the gods to humans?" No one would believe this statement today, right? But she also thought about how many people believe prayer can help cure illnesses. So no matter what, they must have believed that God had some power over who got sick and who got well.

Now Sophie really felt sorry for her mother. She couldn't continue to worry her like this. Although my mother would think that whenever she heard someone having some weird thoughts, she would be suspected of taking medicine, she was quite neurotic. Adults can be such idiots sometimes!

Fatalism means the belief that everything that happens is destined.

"Fortune tellers" try to predict something that is very impossible to predict. This is the common characteristic of all predictions. And precisely because what the fortune teller "sees" is so vague, it is difficult for you to refute his words.

When we look up at the stars in the sky, we can only see many small shining dots distributed irregularly. Despite this, many people have believed for thousands of years that they can see the fate of mankind from the stars. Even today, some political leaders seek the advice of astrologers before making important decisions.

There is a famous inscription above the entrance to the Temple of Delphi: "Know thyself!" This means that humans must not think of themselves as immortal, and no one can escape fate.