Review materials for "Chu Shi Biao" (1)
Key points of review knowledge for "Chu Shi Biao"
1. Explanation of dotted content words in sentences:
1. Zhongdao collapse (death. collapse, refers to the death of the emperor in ancient times. death, death)
2. Yizhou fatigue (lack of manpower and material resources) 3. Perseverance in the internal (lazy)
4. This is also the time of crisis and forgetfulness (reality) (here is the meaning of "time")
5. A loyal person (loyal and ambitious) 6. The special experience of pursuing the late emperor ( Memorial) (preferential treatment, generous treatment)
7. Kaizhang Shengting (expanding the hearing of the saints. This is to ask the emperor to listen to the opinions of others widely)
8. Yiguang Xiandi ( Carry forward) 9. Magnificent spirit of lofty ideals (verb, carry forward and expand. Also known as "magnificent")
10. Belittle oneself (underestimate oneself without any basis. Refers to belittle oneself, despise oneself, give up on oneself)
11. Allusions are meaningless (the speech is inappropriate. Allusions are wrong, and they are called quotations and metaphors. Meaning, appropriate, proper.)
12. Block the road of loyalty and admonishment (block) 13. Zhi Punishment Zang No (Zhi, reward. Zang, good. No, bad, evil.)
14. Committing adultery and violating laws (doing evil things, violating laws and regulations)
15. Pay a judge to discuss the punishment and reward (give, deliver) (punishment)
16. To show your majesty’s plain principles (Zhao, show.) (Plain, fair. Ming, clear observation.) (Government)
p>17. It is not appropriate to be partial (preferential) 18. These are all good and honest people (kind and honest people)
19. Purpose and loyalty (loyalty without distinction) 20. Therefore, the emperor , therefore)
21. Simply select and leave His Majesty (selection) (give) 22. Foolishly think (self-proclaimed modest words. Me)
23. Learn to consult (consult) 24. Pi makes up for the gap (gain makes up for the gap) (passing "deficiency", fault)
25. Sexual conduct Shujun (Shu, good) (equal, even)
26 , understand the military (Mingxiao, Tongda) 27. Promote favors as governors (recommendation)
28. Will be able to make the formation harmonious, and the superior and the inferior will be in their place (the army formation) (those with high talents and those with low talents) )
29. The reason why the Han Dynasty declined after that (the reason for...) (frivolity, decline)
30. Sigh and hate Huan Ling (resentment, regret)
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31. Zhenliang Death Festival (Zhen, steadfastness. Faithful and reliable, capable of serving the country with death)
32. Working hard in Nanyang (personally) 32. Keeping one's life in troubled times (keeping one's life intact)
33. Do not seek to be famous (prominent, famous) 34. The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable (low status, despicable origin)
35. Humiliation, here is The meaning of lowering one's status) (condescending)
36. Being grateful (moving and working hard) 37. Then Xu Xiandi was allowed to drive (running around to serve)
38. The later value was overturned (encountered) (defeated) 39. You came (at that time)
40. Send important matters to ministers (entrusted) 41. Sighing all night long (morning, morning)
42 , to hurt the former emperor's wisdom (damage) 43. To go deep into the barren (grain, here is the verb to grow crops)
44. To be exhausted and dull (hope) (metaphor for mediocrity. Slave, a bad horse, a horse that cannot walk fast. Blunt, the blade is not sharp)
45. Get rid of evildoers (eliminate, eradicate) (evil forces)
46. Consider profits and losses (loss, remove.
Benefit, establish, increase)
47. Responsibility, Yong, Yun, etc. for their arrogance (negligence, negligence)
48. May your majesty trust you (get close) (trust) 49. To show the blame (to show) (fault)
50. To inquire about the good way (to inquire) 51. To Chanayayan (to see clearly) (to accept) (to be honest)
52 , burst into tears (crying)
2. Ancient and modern synonyms:
Serial number example sentence ancient meaning modern meaning
1 Chengyi opens Zhang Shengting to expand store Opening of business
2 He sighed and hated Yu Huan, and Ling also felt sad, regretted and hated him very much
3 The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable, with a low status and a humble background, and his words and deeds were bad
4 I am moved by gratitude and work hard to express my deep gratitude
5 I understand the military well and I am familiar with it
6 I shed tears and runny nose
3. One word has multiple meanings ：
Benefit: to have a wide range of benefits (benefits), to consider profits and losses (increase)
Legacy: to honor the late emperor’s virtues (legacy), to bequeath to His Majesty the late emperor (to give)
p>
Effectiveness: fear that the entrustment will not be effective (effective), the effect of bringing the thief back to life (task), if not effective, the minister will be punished (realized)
With function words:
To: ⑴ To light the legacy of the late Emperor (Lai) ⑵ To block the road of loyalty and admonishment (To)
⑶ To show His Majesty the principles of peace and enlightenment (Lai) ⑷ To use the late Emperor to simplify and leave His Majesty (Lai) )
⑸Foolishly thinking about things in the palace (thinking) ⑹Knowing them as advice (taking)
⑺The former emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable (because) ⑻The counselors thought about the affairs of the world ( (take)
⑼Then the late emperor was promised to drive (for, for) ⑽So when the death came, he sent ministers to send important things (hand)
⑾In order to harm the late emperor's wisdom (to) ⑿ May your Majesty entrust your ministers to revive the thieves (Come)
⒀With the spirit of the late emperor (Come) ⒁To show the blame (Come)
⒂To consult the good ways (Come) Come)
In: ⑴The ministers of the bodyguard are unremitting in their hearts (in) ⑵Want to repay His Majesty (in)
⑶Tried to apply to the past (in) ⑷It is not impossible not to sigh and hate Yu Huan and Lingye (right)
⑸Plowing in Nanyang (Zai) ⑹Gou lives his whole life in troubled times, and does not seek to learn and reach the princes (Zai)
⑺The three ministers are in In the thatched cottage (to) ⑻ When the army was defeated, he was ordered to be in danger (in)
⑼ Return to the old capital (to)
It: ⑴ In the critical situation of survival Qiu Ye (of) ⑵ The bodyguards are tireless at home (of)
⑶ Want to repay His Majesty (the special experience of the late emperor)
⑷ To block the road of loyalty and admonishment Also (of) ⑸I wish to consult him (on behalf of them, Guo You, Fei Yongyun, etc.)
⑹The late emperor called him Neng (on behalf of him, the general Xiang Chong)
⑺Your Majesty Trust your relatives (on behalf of them, on behalf of ministers, ministers, long history, and joining the army)
3. Basic points:
1. "Chu Shi Biao" is selected from "The Collection of Zhuge Liang" by the author Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a famous statesman and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. "Biao" is an ancient style of writing to express feelings to the emperor. In the article, Zhuge Liang put forward three suggestions to Liu Chan, his successor, to open up the public mind, be strict about rewards and punishments, and keep close friends to the wise and distant from the nefarious, expressing his deep feelings of "repaying the late emperor" and "loyalty to His Majesty". The expression of the article is mainly argumentative, but also uses narrative and lyricism.
2. The article reviews the two incidents of visiting the thatched cottage three times and leaving the orphan before the collapse. Express gratitude for being favored.
3. "Chen" in the article refers to Zhuge Liang, "Xiandi" refers to Liu Bei, and "Your Majesty" refers to Liu Chan.
4. Biao is a kind of ancient memorial. It is an ancient style of writing to the emperor. That is, the letters written by ministers to the emperor mostly state their wishes, requests and responses to certain issues. Views, commonly used in discussion, narrative and lyricism.
5. Zhuge Liang made three suggestions to his late master Liu Chan in "Shi Shi Biao", which are all important strategies for governing the country. The three suggestions are in order: wide open the way of speech (open Zhang Shengting), strict rewards and punishments (clear rewards and punishments), close relatives Xian is far away from treachery. The most important one is: be close to the virtuous and stay away from the nefarious. In the words of the text, "Be close to the virtuous ministers and stay away from the villains." This is fundamentally related to the survival of the country and is the core of the three suggestions.
6. Idioms in "Chu Shi Biao":
Open to the saints, belittle oneself, commit crimes, visit the thatched cottage three times, get what is good and bad, and use metaphors to make sense.
7. Zhuge Liang mentioned the late Emperor Liu Bei for ***13 times in the article "Shi Shi Biao". His intention was to encourage the later master Liu Chan to pursue the late emperor's edict deeply and "to honor the late emperor's legacy" to complete "the late emperor Liu Bei". The great cause of unification is yet to be achieved."
8. In addition, Zhuge Liang focused on reviewing the two major events of the late emperor's "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and "Leaving an Isolated Person on the Face of Death".
9. Analysis of Thoughts
p>The first part (1-5) analyzes the form, points out the crisis, and makes suggestions
The second part (6-7) recalls the past, states the reasons, and expresses "gratitude".
The third part (8-9) distinguishes responsibilities and expresses determination
IV. Comprehensive recitation:
(1) The sentence that shows the author’s interests is: Gou Quan lives in troubled times, and does not seek to learn and reach the princes;
(2) The author's three suggestions to the emperor are: ① open Zhang Shengting; ② punish Zang and others; it is not appropriate to have similarities and differences; ③ be close to virtuous ministers and stay far away from others. People (3) The most important piece of Zhuge Liang's advice to Liu Chan is: be close to a virtuous minister and stay far away from a villain
(4) Write a sentence that has filled the author's life: he was appointed when the army was defeated, and he was ordered to be in danger. .
(5) The sentence that points out the strategic goal of the expedition is (political desire): to lead the three armies when rewarded, to conquer the Central Plains in the north, to eliminate the common people and the slaves, to eliminate the traitors, to revive the Han Dynasty, and to return the old capital.
(6) Zhuge Liang hopes that his future master will not underestimate him casually. The sentence is: It is not appropriate to belittle oneself
(7) There is this saying in "Zhuge Liang Collection": "Rewards must not be unfair and punishments must not be unfair." Uneven”. This is consistent with the two sentences in "Chu Shi Biao" that "it is not appropriate to be partial and use different methods inside and outside."
(8) When the Chinese men's football team failed repeatedly in the World Cup, Milu became the head coach of the national team. This is: "taking charge of the defeated army and taking orders in times of crisis."
(9) The sentence in which Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to adhere to the same standards for rewards and punishments for officials in the palace and the government is: Zhi, punishment, Zang, no, should not be similar or different;
(10) It shows that the author is indifferent to fame and fortune Sentence: Gou lives his life in troubled times, and does not seek to learn and reach the princes.
(11) The reason for the decline of the Later Han Dynasty: being close to villains and distant virtuous ministers, this is why the Later Han Dynasty declined.
(12) Zhu Xunliang analyzed the situation in the world, and the favorable subjective conditions were: the ministers of the bodyguard worked tirelessly at home, and the loyal people forgot about themselves outside.
(13) The sentence that expresses the author's feelings towards the Liu family and his son is: This minister repays the late emperor and is loyal to His Majesty's duty.
(14) The sentence that briefly describes the story of "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" is: The late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain.
(15) What exactly does the “big event” in the seventh paragraph refer to? Answer using words from the text.
"Beibei set the Central Plains, the common people were stupid, eliminated the evildoers, revived the Han Dynasty, and returned to the old capital"
(16) "Shishi Biao" states that Zhuge Liang followed the late emperor to drive The reason for Chi is: the late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. He looked at his ministers in the thatched cottage three times, and consulted the ministers about the affairs of the world. He was so grateful that he allowed the late emperor to drive him.
(17) The reason why the author "sighed all night long" was because he was afraid that the entrustment would be ineffective and harm the late emperor's wisdom.
(18) The conditions for "rewarding the three armies and conquering the Central Plains in the north" are: the south has been conquered and the troops are sufficient.
(19) "In pursuit of the late emperor's legacy", "Yi Zhao" refers to: Do ??not do evil because it is small, and do not do good because it is small. Only those who are virtuous and virtuous can obey others.
5. Related links:
(1) Related verses:
1. When you become a master, you will be truly famous in the world. Who can be compared to others in a thousand years? (Lu You's "Book of Indignation")
2. Three visits frequently troubled the world, and two dynasties opened the hearts of old officials. He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears. (Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu")
3. Perhaps it is an example of being a master, and ghosts and gods weep heroically. (Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness")
4. The performance of a master has been unparalleled for a thousand years, which is far more than that of wind music. (Lu You's "Wuhou Shutang")
5. When you are a teacher, you can understand the past and present in one watch, and you can read more carefully in the middle of the night by lighting up the lamp. (Lu You's "Sickness in the Book")
(2) Typical examples that reflect Zhuge Liang's cleverness and wisdom in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" include:
The Empty City Strategy, Seven Captures of Meng Huo, and Straw Boats Borrowing arrows, fighting with the Confucian scholars, setting up the Eight Sealing Formation, and three Qi Zhou Yu
"Shi Shi Biao": Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to adhere to the same standards for rewards and punishments for officials in the palace and the government: It is not appropriate to punish Zang or not. Similarities and differences;
Zhuge Liang hoped that his master would not underestimate him casually: he should not underestimate himself;
Zhuge Liang’s sentence to propose strict rewards and punishments to his master was: If someone commits adultery and commits crimes, Those who are loyal and kind should have their punishments and rewards judged by officials to show His Majesty's rational principles; it is not advisable to be partial and use different laws internally and externally.
There is a saying in "The Collection of Zhuge Liang": "Rewards must not be unequal, and punishment must not be unequal." This is consistent with the two sentences in "Chu Shi Biao" that "it is not appropriate to be partial and use different methods internally and externally."
The reason why Zhuge Liang followed the late emperor is described in "Chu Shi Biao": the late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. , and then asked the late emperor to drive him.
The sentence that expresses the author's ambition is: Gou Quan lives in troubled times, and does not seek to learn and reach the princes;
The sentence that writes the reason for the prosperity of the early Han Dynasty and the decline of the later Han Dynasty is: Qin Xianchen , a villain from far away; a dear villain from afar, a wise minister from afar;
The sentence that points out the strategic goal of the expedition is: lead the three armies as rewards, conquer the Central Plains in the north, eliminate the common people and the stupid, eliminate the traitors, and revive the Han Dynasty , returned to the old capital;
The three suggestions put forward by the author to the emperor are: ① Open the door to the Holy Audience; ② The palace and the palace are all integrated, and there should be no similarities or differences; ③ Close and virtuous ministers should be distant from each other. Villain. (Or: Broaden the voice, be strict about rewards and punishments, be close to the virtuous and stay away from the sycophants.)
The most important piece of advice Zhuge Liang gave Liu Chan is: be close to the virtuous ministers, and stay away from the villains (or: be close to the virtuous and stay away from the sycophants). ;
When appointing a person to save the situation, people often quote a famous saying in this article: When the army is defeated, you are ordered to be in danger;
The superior appoints Zheng Xing as the factory leader. In order to save the factory that was on the verge of bankruptcy, people said that Zheng Xing was: "He was appointed when the army was defeated, and he was ordered to be in danger." (Fill in the famous sentences from "The Master's List")
The idiom from this article is: Visit the thatched cottage three times.
Self-assessment feedback exercises for "Teacher's Guide"
1. Reading in paragraphs
1-5 natural paragraphs
(1) Explanation points Words of:
1. The collapse of the middle path 2. Yizhou’s fatigue
3. Perseverance within 4. This is the autumn of sincerity, crisis and forgetfulness
5. A loyal man 6. The special experience of pursuing the late emperor
7. Kaizhang Shengting 8. Yiguang late emperor
9. The spirit of a man with great lofty ideals 10. Pretending to belittle oneself
11. The introduction is unjust 12. To block the road of loyalty and admonishment
13. To punish Zang or not
14. To commit adultery and commit crimes 15. To pay a judge to discuss his punishment and reward
16. To show His Majesty’s plain principles
17. It is not appropriate to be partial 18. These are all good and true
19. The will is loyal and pure 20. Therefore, it is the first emperor
21. Simplify and leave your majesty 22. Foolish to think
23. Learn to advise 24. Make up for the gaps
25. Sex and conduct Shujun 26 , Understand the military affairs
27. Promote favors as governors
28. Will be able to make the formations harmonious, and gain the advantage of the superior and the inferior
29. The reason why the Han Dynasty has declined since then Ye
30. Sigh and hate Huan Lingye
31. Zhenliang’s Death Day
(2) Carpet reading:
1. Use concise language to summarize the main content of the selection:
2. When the author analyzes the situation in the first paragraph, he first talks about the unfavorable objective conditions; then he talks about the favorable subjective conditions: . This favorable subjective condition is formed by " ".
3. How did Zhuge Liang analyze the current world situation? What is its purpose?
4. What suggestions did Zhuge Liang make to Liu Chan? Which one was the main one and why?
5. From the perspective of a monarch governing a country, what three aspects did Zhuge Liang give his advice to his master?
6. In paragraph 2, the author believes that the person who should be "punished" is " " and the person who should be rewarded is " ".
7. Can paragraphs 3 and 4 of the article be deleted? Why?
8. What is the author’s main basis for recommending wise ministers, civil servants, and generals to the emperor?
9. How did Zhuge Liang make Liu Chan realize the importance of "keeping the wise and distant from the necessities"?
10. Please write a commentary for paragraph 5.
11. The word with similar meaning to "virtuous minister" in paragraph 5 is
12. "Early Han" in the article refers to , and later Han refers to .
13. What do “internal and external methods” and “internal and external” refer to?
14. Please list several sets of antonyms from the text.
Natural paragraphs 6-7
(1) Explain the highlighted words in the text:
1. Work hard in Nanyang 2. Survive life in troubled times
3. Don’t ask for knowledge 4. The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable
5. Self-indulgent and self-indulgent
6. Because of this, he was grateful 7. Then he allowed the late emperor to drive
8. Overthrow of late value 9. Here you come
10. Dedicate important events to ministers 11. Sigh with sorrow all night long
12. In order to harm the late emperor’s brilliance 13. Go deeper Barren
14. Exhausted and stupid 15. Get rid of the evildoers
(2) Blanket reading:
1. Summarize the main content of the selection in concise language :
2. Answer the questions in the original text:
① Sentences (words) that indicate the author’s origin?
②What were the author’s interests at that time?
③The reason for “I am grateful”?
④What does “despicable” in the article refer to specifically?
⑤Which sentence summarizes the history of adversity and chaos with the late emperor?
⑥The reason why the author laments all night long?
⑦The reason for "crossing Lu in May, going deep into the barren area"?
⑧A sentence indicating that the time is ripe to conquer Wei?
⑨The strategic goal of "departure" is (Zhuge Liang believes that his duty to "repay the late emperor's loyalty to His Majesty" is):
3. The past events recalled in the excerpt remind you of " What are the stories in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"? (Write at least three)
4. What is the author’s purpose in reviewing the past?
5. Why does the author describe his original intention?
6. How does the author in paragraph 6 pave the way for what follows in a statement?
7. We can see what kind of qualities Liu Bei has from the sentence "The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable.
8. Please write Liu Bei’s last edict to his later master and talk about your own experience.
8-9 natural paragraphs
(1) Explanation of the words to add points:
1. Consider the profit and loss 2. Responsibility, 袆, 翆, etc. Slowly
3. May your majesty personally believe in it 4. To show the blame
5. Consult the good way 6. Chananayanyan
7. Express the appearance Ti Ling
(2) Blanket reading:
1. "In pursuit of the late emperor's edict" corresponds to the previous article.
2. The words at the end of the chapter, "I burst into tears and didn't know what to say", although it embodies Zhuge Liang's infinite loyalty to Liu and his son, but this "tears" also contains Zhuge Liang's unsaid things. Unspeakable words?
2. Overview of the full text
1. This article is a memorial to Liu Chan for the Northern Expedition. Why is there only one sentence in the seventh and eighth paragraphs about the Northern Expedition, while most of them mention it? I would like to suggest, if this is "the article is not on point", please tell me your opinion.
2. This article writes to Liu Chan, but mentions "Your Majesty" only seven times, but mentions "Xiandi" thirteen times. Why?
3. Du Fu wrote in his poem "The Prime Minister of Shu" that "dying before leaving the army often makes the hero burst into tears." Please combine the article and explain why this article is so shocking. .
4. This article is a memorial. It is the author's statement of opinions to his late master Liu Chan before he left the army, and proposed ideas for revamping politics and reviving the Han Dynasty. It can be said that the analysis is thorough, the emotions and reasons are blended, and the words are sincere. Try to analyze what are the characteristics of the expression in the full text?
5. Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao" has been highly praised by countless descendants. Please write a poem related to "Biao".
Answers to the self-assessment feedback exercises in "Teacher's Guide"
1. Reading in sections:
1-5 natural paragraphs
(1) slightly.
(2) 1. Briefly.
2. The middle path collapsed before the late emperor started his business, and today Yizhou is exhausted (objective); the guards are tireless in the internal affairs, and the loyal people forget themselves externally (subjective); the difference in pursuing the late emperor I want to retaliate to His Majesty
3. Let’s first talk about the unfavorable objective conditions, indicating the "critical survival" situation of Shu Han, hoping that Liu Chan can "think about danger" and stimulate his ambition to become angry; The favorable subjective conditions indicate that there is hope, and are intended to encourage Liu Chan to work hard to achieve success.
4. Open up a wide range of opinions, make rewards and punishments clear, and keep close friends and distant friends. The most important one is: be close to the virtuous and far away from the necessities. Because the other two are related to this. Liu Chan was mediocre and incompetent. If he could not stay close to the virtuous and stay away from the sycophants, he would inevitably "belittle himself, use metaphors that are unjust", "partialize his own interests, and use different methods internally and externally"
So, this is the fundamental issue related to the survival of the country, and it is the three core of the recommendation.
5. Accept advice, rule by law, and employ people.
6. Those who "commit crimes and commit crimes" should be rewarded for those who are "loyal and kind".
7. No, in order to put forward the suggestion of "close to the virtuous and far away from the necessities", Zhang Ben made Liu Chan understand the objects of the virtuous.
8. Loyalty, character, and talent.
9. Compare the historical experiences and lessons of the two Han Dynasties from both positive and negative aspects, and remind Liu Chan not to make the same mistakes as Huan and Ling.
10. Reference: In this paragraph, Zhuge Liang explains the pros and cons of being close to the virtuous and far away from the necessities. Taking the historical facts of the "prosperity" and "decline" of the previous Han Dynasty as a lesson; and taking the former emperor's sighs and hatred of Huan and Ling, and his stupidity and harm to the country as a warning, prompting the later emperor to keep close friends with the virtuous and far away from the treacherous, and "the prosperity of the Han Dynasty can be counted on." "For encouragement. Learn from the past and learn from the present, success and failure are equal.
11. Minister of the Zhenliang Death Festival
12. Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty
13. Internal refers to "in the imperial palace"; external refers to "in the imperial court" ”
14. Zang Fou; punishment and reward; partiality in plain affairs; prosperity and decline, etc.
6-7 natural paragraphs
(1) Brief
(2) 1. Summary
2. ① I am a commoner and work hard in Nanyang; "Buyi"
② Gou Quan lives in troubled times and does not seek to learn and reach the princes
p>③The late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. , Farming in Nanyang, surviving in troubled times, not seeking to learn and reach the princes."
⑤ Later, when the army was overthrown, he was appointed to the defeat, and was ordered to be in danger. You have been twenty-one years.
⑥I am afraid that the entrustment will not be effective and it will harm the late emperor's wisdom
⑦Since I was appointed, I have been lamenting all night long, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective and it will harm the late emperor's wisdom
⑧Now the south has been secured, and the troops are sufficient
⑨He will be rewarded and lead the three armies to the north to secure the Central Plains, exhaust the common people and the slaves, eliminate the traitors, revive the Han Dynasty, and return to the old capital;
3. Visited the thatched cottage three times, Xiangyang was defeated by illness, Tuogu in Baidi City, crossed the Lushui River, and marched south to Menghuo.
4. Recall the history of how he followed the late emperor to start a business with great difficulty, forgetting about himself and the country, and never shunned hard work. Not only did he express his loyalty to encourage Liu Chan, but more importantly, he asked for orders for the Northern Expedition. It shows that this is the entrustment of the late emperor and Zhuge Liang's determination and action to "repay the late emperor and be loyal to His Majesty".
5. Show that he has no intention of fame or fortune, thus highlighting the kindness of the late emperor.
6. The author's self-report of his original intention highlights the kindness of the late emperor. The Northern Expedition was launched precisely to complete the late emperor's unfinished business and to repay the late emperor for his kindness. This naturally leads to the following suggestions for the Northern Expedition. .
7. A generous spirit, a thirst for talents, and the character of understanding people and doing their job well.
8. Brief
8-9 natural paragraphs
(1) Brief
(2) 1. "Gai Zhui the late emperor" "Special encounter"
2. Reference: Concerns about the domestic political situation and concerns about whether Liu Chan can adopt the suggestions.
2. Overview of the full text
1. Although this form is for requesting orders to go on an expedition, its main purpose is to advise Liu Chan to "cultivate political principles internally." Historically, Liu Chan was mediocre and favored eunuchs, while Zhuge Liang was meticulous about government affairs. During this expedition, he must be worried about national affairs, so he focused on making suggestions and recommending talents. This is precisely in view of the situation in Shu and is conducive to the Northern Expedition.
2. Everything is based on the intention of the late emperor, and every sentence is said in the mouth of the late emperor. Make the words of advice "straight but not outrageous", appropriate and sincere.
In this way, Liu Chan, the later master, was encouraged to pursue the late emperor's edict deeply and "to honor the late emperor's legacy" to complete "the great cause of unification that the late emperor Liu Bei had not yet accomplished."
3. Mainly from the loyal Written in angle.
4. The whole text is mainly discussion, incorporating narrative and lyricism into the discussion, so as to achieve the purpose of admonishing Liu Chan with reason and emotion. The discussion is to the point, the analysis is thorough, and it is highly targeted; it embodies emotion and meaning, blends emotion and reason, and the words are sincere and persuasive. Narrative, embodying feelings and events, is euphemistic and moving, with sincere feelings. The things he narrated, such as recommending talents, talking about his life experience, and talking about his experiences, all serve the purpose of discussion, making his suggestions and requests for Liu Chan well-founded and more convincing.
5. Omitted.
"Tang Ju Fulfills the Mission" Learning Key Points and Ability Training Test
1. Learning Points
"Tang Ju Fulfills the Mission" is selected from Liu Ming in the late Western Han Dynasty "Warring States Policy" is a country-specific history book compiled based on the historical records of the Warring States Period.
Anling is a small country affiliated with Wei. After Qin destroyed Han and Wei, its ambition for hegemony became even more arrogant, and it wanted to use the trick of "making big changes to small things" to swallow up Anling. Lord Anling sent envoy Tang Ju to Qin. Faced with the arrogant and domineering King of Qin, Tang Ju fulfilled his mission and fought tit for tat. He cleverly and bravely defeated the King of Qin's annexation plot and safeguarded the territorial integrity of his motherland, which has been passed down as an eternal legend.
The full text has four natural paragraphs, which can be divided into three parts according to plot development.
Part 1 (Paragraph 1) The emergence of contradictions. The King of Qin put on a face of "taking big things to make things small" and being willing to suffer losses: "I want to trade a land of 500 miles to Anling, but Lord Anling will allow me!" On the surface, it was a discussion, but in fact it was deception and coercion. Although Lord Anling was the king of a small country, he was well aware of King Qin's evil intentions, so he carefully rejected King Qin's kindness. Anlingjun's answer was subtle and euphemistic, but his attitude was firm and clear, safeguarding the integrity and dignity of the country's territory. As a result, a contradiction between "easy" and "difficult" arises.
The second part (paragraphs 2 and 3) is the development of contradictions. After the conflict arose, Lord Anling sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin to resolve the conflict. After Tang Ju met the King of Qin, he had two face-to-face contests with the King of Qin. For the first time, the King of Qin asked Tang Ju Anlingjun why he did not agree to Qin's request to change places. Before Tang Ju could answer, he asked aggressively, "...and those who continue to rebel against others will underestimate others?" Tang Ju faced The arrogant and rude King Qin calmly refuted King Qin's attempt to accuse him. Although the reasons cited were the same as those of Lord Anling, his tone was firmer and his attitude clearer. The King of Qin certainly did not expect that an envoy from the small Anling Kingdom would be so courageous, so he became angry with shame and said, "The King of Qin was very angry." The contest between Tang Ju and King Qin escalated. If Tang Ju was brave and knowledgeable in the first round, Tang Ju was both wise and courageous in the second round. In this round, Tang Ju first cleverly got rid of the King of Qin's question "Have you ever heard the wrath of the emperor?" and then asked the King of Qin "Have you ever heard the wrath of the common people?" and cited examples of patriots from previous generations to show that he did not Fearing power and determined to defend the integrity of the country and the dignity of the country to the death, they finally preemptively "raised their swords" and used force to coerce the King of Qin to cancel the attempt to annex Anling. The conflict reached its climax.
The third part (paragraph 4) explains the contradiction. Faced with the brave and determined Tang Ju, the King of Qin had no choice but to do anything. His attitude changed drastically, from "displeased" and "sulky and angry" to "sexy, kneeling and saying thanks". Because he clearly knew that Anling could not be easily annexed now, so he could only give up this plan temporarily. At the end, King Qin covered up his embarrassing situation by praising Tang Ju's abilities, and also explained that the contest ended with Tang Ju's victory.
This article is not long, but it depicts two distinct characters. Even the secondary character An Lingjun is written vividly, which shows that the author has a profound skill in characterizing. First of all, the author selected the characters' typical language and actions to describe them, achieving the effect of conveying the characters' thoughts and emotions. When writing about the arrogance, unreasonableness and arrogance of the King of Qin, he vividly portrays the sinister intentions of superficial discussions but deceit in the form of "Qi Xu few people", and a "anger" thoroughly reveals the Qin King's mentality of taking the annexation of Anling as a matter of course; The poems written about King Qin's reasoning are poor. Just use "King Qin Se Nao", which is simple, vivid and contrasting. When writing about Tang Ju's awe-inspiring righteousness, he uses "It's not even five miles straight", which gives a clear and confident answer; when writing about Tang Ju's wisdom and bravery, he uses "If a soldier is bound to be angry, he lays down two corpses and bleeds for five steps. The sky is plain. Today, "Yes" and "Stand up with the sword" show Tang Ju's heroic spirit in front of the readers, sworn to defend the motherland from infringement and risking life and death. In addition, the author is also very good at putting characters together to set off each other, achieving the effect of highlighting the characters' personalities. For example, An Lingjun's cautiousness and Tang Ju's righteous words, King Qin's arrogance and unreasonableness, and Tang Ju's calmness all formed a strong contrast with the husband, making the characters in this article have their own characteristics and are all very dazzling.
2. Ability training test
1. Answer the questions.
1． What reason did Lord Anling use to refuse King Qin's request to exchange 500 miles of land for Anling? (Answer in the original text)
2. What did King Qin think of the "wrath of the common people"? Which examples did Tang Ju give to illustrate the "wrath of the common people" that finally made King Qin admit defeat and apologize?
3. The article describes King Qin's demeanor and a simple action twice. Please copy out the original sentence and analyze the changes in King Qin's mentality based on the text.
4． The King of Qin finally said: "I have given my instructions." What did he "order"?
2. Explain the meaning of the red words in the following sentences.
Tang Ju fulfilled his mission
The King of Qin sent people to say An Ling
The King of Anling sent Tang Ju to Qin because of his envoy
When a commoner is angry, he also wears his hat and bares his head, grabbing the ground and ears with his head
It is only because you are a gentleman
Not like this
If you are a scholar, you will be angry
Easy the big to the small
Treat the king as the elder
Robbing the earth and ears with the head
Those who survive in Anling with fifty miles of land
Mr. Tu Yiyou
Reference answers
1. Answer the questions.
1． I received the land from the late king and am willing to keep it forever, but I dare not change it
2. The King of Qin believed that "the wrath of the common people can also be used to steal the earth and ears with their heads." Tang Ju cited Zhuan Zhu's assassination of King Liao of Wu, Nie Zheng's assassination of the Han puppet, and Yaoli's assassination of Qing Ji to illustrate that the wrath of the common people made the King of Qin admit defeat. apologize.
3. The article describes the King of Qin's demeanor three times: King Qin is displeased, King Qin is angry, King Qin is jealous, and a simple action: kneeling down and saying thanks. It depicts the changes in King Qin's thoughts and feelings from arrogance and arrogance to anger to shock and submission. It reflects that King Qin was a paper tiger with an extremely inflated desire for expansion, but he was fierce in appearance and soft in heart, strong on the outside and dry on the inside.
4． King Qin finally understood that even a small country cannot be bullied casually.
2. Explain the meaning of the red words in the following sentences.
Tang Ju fulfilled his mission (as an envoy)
The King of Qin’s envoy called An Ling (sent)
The King of Anling sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin (Envoy)｜
It’s just Mr. Tu Yiyou (just)
In the anger of commoners, he also wears his hat and wears his clothes, grabbing the ground and ears with his head (bare and empty)
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Not if it is so (like, like)
If a man is angry (if)
It is easy to be big and small (use)
With the king For the elder (hand)
To snatch the earth and ears with one’s head (to use)
To survive in Anling with fifty miles of land (to rely on)
Mr. Tu Yiyou Also (because)