① Take the characteristics of specific things or things as clues. For example, "Seven Matches", with seven matches as the clue, runs through the whole text.

(2) Take characters or their characteristics as clues. For example, "Back" takes the back of my father as a clue.

③ Take the central event as the clue. For example, The Chameleon takes police officer Ralph's handling of dog bites as a clue to start the story.

④ Take thoughts and feelings as clues. For example, Litchi Honey takes the change of my feelings for bees as a clue to organize the material, and doesn't like-want to see-appreciate bees-dream of becoming a little bee.

⑤ Take the passage of time or the transformation of space as a clue. For example, Mr. Fujino takes the passage of time and the change of place as the narrative clue to organize the material, and the experience and feelings in Tokyo-the communication with Mr. Fujino in Sendai-the memories of Mr. Fujino after parting.

⑥ Take what you see and hear as a clue. For example, "Kong Yiji" takes what my little friend "I" saw and heard as a clue to shape the character Kong Yiji.