The character's life was determined to be an official

Zhu Zhiyu was born on October 12, the 28th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (i.e. November 17, 1600 AD), and died on the 30th day of the Ming Dynasty Zheng Yongli At the end of April 17th, the sixth year of his reign (i.e. May 23, 1682 AD), he was born into a family of bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats. The great-grandfather's name was Zhao, and his nickname was Shouyu. My grandfather's name was Confucius and Mencius, and his nickname was Hui Weng. He had failed to accept favors from the emperor three times in his life. His father, Zhu Zheng, had the courtesy name Cunzhi and the title Dinghuan. The Emperor Ming Dynasty gave him the title of Doctor Guanglu to Shangzhu State, and he was also given the title of Governor of the Cao Yunmen Gate, but he was not appointed. His mother, Jin, gave birth to three sons: the eldest brother Qiming, named Qi; the second brother Chonglin, named Jin; and Zhiyu ranked third. After Zhu Zhiyu lost his father at the age of eight, his family fell into decline and his life was poor, which even affected his ability to study. The eldest brother Zhu Qiming was a Jinshi in Zhongwu in the fifth year of Tianqi (1625). He was later promoted to the commander-in-chief of Nanjing Shenwu Camp and the governor of the water transport military gate. Zhu Zhiyu followed his eldest brother to Songjiang Prefecture and became a Confucian student of Songjiang Prefecture. He was a scholar of Songjiang Prefecture, Zhu Yongyou, the left minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Zhang Kentang, a scholar of Dongge University and the minister of the third department of civil servants and workers, and Wu Zhong, the scholar of Wujin. Luan and others became teachers and studied ancient studies, especially "Poems" and "Books".

In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), Zhu Zhiyu was recommended to the Ministry of Rites as "the best in both civil and military talents". However, Zhu Zhiyu saw that "the world is getting worse and the country is getting worse" and "officials are for money, and government is for If the government is in chaos, and he cannot be tolerated by the customs, he will give up his official career and focus on learning. He once said to his wife: "If I become the first Jinshi and serve as a county magistrate, I will definitely be arrested in the first year; in the next three years, the people will recite my virtues and the superior officials will praise me, and I will be able to gain scientific education. If I suggest this, I will definitely be punished and my wealth will be ruined." Bao. He is humble and passionate, and cannot hold back his ambition, so he is determined to advance. "Zhu Shunshui does not seek fame and wealth, but is keen on caring for the society and people's livelihood. He often tells people: "Second people regard getting a job as a salary. Joy, a wise man is pleased to be able to do what he says, and his words and deeds follow his own path. If he is wise, he and his descendants will be prosperous. That's it. A gentleman is concerned about the world. He is concerned about the world, and he is worried about the failure of the people's livelihood. As for the prosperity of his body, his salary and food, he is indifferent, so he only wants to follow his path. Yue."

In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), when Zhu Shunshui was forty-five years old, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Meishan (today's Jingshan). Soon, King Fu Zhu Yousong was located in Nanjing and changed his name to Hongguang. At this time, Fang Guoan, the commander-in-chief of Jiangnan Province, recommended Zhu Zhiyu and specially recruited him by the emperor's order, but he did not take up the post. In the first month of the first year of Hongguang (1645), the emperor ordered to recruit him again, but he still did not take office. In April, on the recommendation of Fang Guoan, the Duke of Jing State, the imperial court appointed him as the deputy envoy of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Punishment and Supervision and the official of Fang Qinglisi, a doctor in the Ministry of War, to supervise Fang Guoan's army, but he still did not take up the post. He refused to be called up three times in one year, and was jealous of the traitorous officials. The following year, he was wanted for the crime of "rejecting orders from the court and having no courtesy from the officials." Zhu Zhiyu fled to Zhoushan at night, using his business as a cover.

Of. Although it is impossible to do anything at this time, those who understand the way of saints and sages should fulfill their ambition to return to heaven and balance their destiny. If they go away in vain, who will care about the affairs of the world? May the country be blessed with Ding Yang Jiu, the threads are still there, and the glory is waiting to be seen again. The merits of the Kuang ancestors should not be lost in people's hearts, and the situation of Zhongxing should be far better than that of the Jin and Song Dynasties. Nowadays, Shu, Guizhou and Chu have all entered the territory. Western Guangdong has long respected Zhengshuo, that is, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and they are also taking various actions. In the Yan era of Fei Ruojing, the situation was extremely poor, so it was advisable not to return, and there was no order to call him back. You are so good at what you do, you stay away from home and forget about your home. You are so powerful that you are still worthy of trying again. How can you forget your love at the invitation of the army? I have been dreaming of seeking talents, and I have been waiting for a long time. I have specially summoned you, and you can immediately come forward to assist me and revive your career. I will treat you as a chastity and righteousness, so that my mother's safety will be spared from being stranded in other countries. Qin Zai special edict.

In the ninth year of Lu, the governor of the country, he joined the moon to fight against the Qing Dynasty and revive the Ming Dynasty

In May of the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing soldiers captured Nanjing, and Emperor Hongguang fled. Fang Guoan and Ruan Dacheng surrendered to the Qing army. After the defeat of Emperor Hongguang, two leading forces emerged in the Ming Dynasty, namely the regime of Emperor Shaozong Longwu of the Ming Dynasty (Tang Wang Zhu Yujian) and the regime of King Lu Jianguo (Zhu Yihai). Soon, Qing soldiers captured Fujian and killed Emperor Longwu. At this time, King Lu led his men to occupy Nan'ao Island, and then captured the Zhoushan Islands. At this time, Zhu Zhiyu went to Japan for the first time to raise funds, hoping to borrow Japanese reinforcements to help Wang Xu, the Zhoushan garrison general and the left minister of the Ministry of War, to restore the Central Plains.

Due to Japan's maritime ban, outsiders were not allowed to stay, so they had to return to Zhoushan. In the fourth year of Yongli (1650), Zhu Zhiyu once again floated across the East China Sea to Japan, but was unexpectedly discovered by Qing soldiers. The Qing invaders surrounded him and forced him to surrender, but he laughed and talked freely and refused to surrender. Liu Wengao and others were moved by his righteousness and secretly took him back to Zhoushan by boat. The following year, Zhu Zhiyu went to Japan again, and then from Japan to Annan. When he was about to return to Zhoushan, both Zhoushan and Siming Village were captured by Qing troops. King Lu fled to Xiamen, and Zhu Zhiyu's best mentors and friends, Wang Yi, Zhu Yongyou, Wu Zhongluan and others, died for the country one after another. Wang Yi's death was the most tragic. After hearing about it overseas, Zhu Zhiyu said bitterly, "The Mid-Autumn Festival was a festival for my close friend Wang Shilang, and it was more miserable than Chai Shi and Beiwen Mountain. When I came to the time, I was filled with sadness, so I abolished this festival for the rest of my life."

Due to the increasingly critical situation in the country, King Lu issued an edict to recruit the fifty-five-year-old Zhu Zhiyu in the eighth year of Yongli (1654). However, because of his wandering things and his uncertain residence, the seal took two years to get to him. In the book, King Lu reproached him for "taking orders to capture the city, leaving without returning, betraying the king without mercy, and the Shi family ridiculed him." He hoped that he would return to serve his country as soon as possible. The sailor Zhu Shun held the imperial edict and lamented his generosity. He wanted to immediately transfer to Siming (now Xiamen) and return to Zhoushan, but he had no transportation and was trapped in Annan. He had no choice but to reply to King Lu with a letter first, stating his painstaking efforts in operating overseas and raising funds and wages over the years. He said in Ding You's "Xie En Memorial": "Last year, I struggled to seek help, and I was able to get a boat. This means that at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, I can pay my respects to Tongchi and sing my heartfelt songs. I have been operating overseas for several years, so I can repay the imperial court appropriately. , We should discuss it carefully with the vassal, and do not expect the traitor to be a hindrance. The ship sailed to the seaport, but failed to recover Annan in half a month, and was extremely angry. To reward the emperor and his father, to help his troubled ministers."

Zhu Shunshui, who was eager to return to his country as soon as possible to serve his country, finally waited for a Japanese ship in the first month of the eleventh year of Yongli (1657) and prepared to cross the sea to return home. Unexpectedly, he was imprisoned by Annan in February and was detained for more than fifty days. King Annan knew that he was a Chinese scholar, so he kept him, worshiped him with official titles, and forced him to kneel down as a minister. Zhu Zhiyu stood upright and refused to kneel. The official raised his staff to draw the word "Bai" on the sand. Zhu Zhiyu used his staff to add the word "No" on top of the word "Bai". King Annan killed many people in front of Zhu Zhiyu to intimidate him. Zhu Zhiyu never yielded and was truly unyielding. Zhu Zhiyu was fifty-eight years old at that time. In order to remember the difficulties of his old age, he kept a diary day by day. He took the meaning of "when the common people call for war, he will go to war", and the name was recorded as "Annan Service Chronicle".

In the fourteenth year of Yongli (1660), he was invited by Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huang to return to China to fight against the Qing Dynasty, so he set off immediately and returned to Xiamen on October 19th. In the summer of the fifteenth year of Yongli's reign (1661), Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan joined forces for the Northern Expedition, recaptured Guazhou and conquered Zhenjiang. Zhu Zhiyu personally participated in the battle. The Northern Expeditionary Army marched smoothly for a time, regaining four prefectures, two prefectures and 24 counties, and reached the outskirts of Nanjing. The military power shook the southeast. However, due to Zheng Chenggong's short-sightedness, he blindly stationed troops under the fortified city of Nanjing, which delayed the opportunity for fighting and was lax in military discipline. By July, the Northern Expeditionary Army was defeated outside Nanjing. Zheng Chenggong instead retreated to the coast of Fujian, then went to sea, and had no choice but to move to Taiwan. Zhang Huangyan was arrested and killed a few years later. Seeing that there was no hope of regaining his Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhiyu vowed not to shave his hair, so he "had the ambition to cross the sea for the whole festival". He followed the example of Lu Zhonglian and failed to conquer the Qin Dynasty, and once again spent the days in misery, never to return to his homeland. In the winter of this year, he made his last trip eastward to Japan, but was not allowed to land and was trapped in the boat. At that time, Japan implemented a policy of seclusion, "not leaving a single person from the Tang Dynasty for thirty or forty years." Japanese scholar Anton Shouyu was introduced by Chen Mingde, who had settled in Japan, to learn from Zhu Zhiyu in handwriting and perform discipleship rituals. Zhu Zhiyu was moved by Anton's respectful and "excessive courtesy" and "outstanding insights" knowledge, and restored his trust in Anton. In the letter, Zhu expresses a mixture of sadness and joy. Sadness means that the country is ruined and the family is destroyed. "The academic knowledge of the motherland has been unclear and the teaching methods have been ruined for a long time." , expressing his intention to pass on the teachings of sages and sages to this foreign disciple. As Liang Qichao said, this "is the beginning of Mr. Lectures". Anton Shouyue and others worked hard for him to settle in Japan. Finally, with the approval of the Japanese government, he broke the 40-year-old Japanese shogunate ban and allowed him to rent a house in Nagasaki and settle down. Zhu Zhiyu ended his more than ten years of wandering at sea. Lectures in Japan When Zhu Zhiyu settled in Japan, he repeatedly emphasized that he did not want to promote Confucianism in a foreign land, but just for the sake of crossing the sea.

In the 19th year of Eiroku (AD 1665), when he was preparing to purchase land and cultivate it in Nagasaki, the Japanese deputy general (uncle of the great general Tokugawa Ietsuna) and Mito Hou Tokugawa Mitsukuni wanted to establish the Hōxu sect. (Xiu Xu, the old name, referring to local schools in ancient times), sent the Confucian minister Shun Shun to Nagasaki to appoint Zhu as a national teacher, and asked Zhu to give lectures in Edo (today's Tokyo). Zhu Zhiyu tried his best to be humble, but when he heard from Anton Shooyue and others that "the Lord loves virtuous people and loves learning, it is best not to live up to his intentions", he agreed to Tokugawa Mitsukuni's request, saying, "If you hire servants, they will be paid regardless of their salary." On etiquette." In June of the next year (the 20th year of Yongli, 1666 AD), Zhu Zhiyu arrived in Edo. Tokugawa Mitsukuni personally held the disciple ceremony and showed his sincere respect. Tokugawa Mitsukuni believed that Zhu Zhiyu was too old and virtuous to be called by his name directly, so he asked him to give him a name. Zhu Zhiyu named his hometown "Shun Shui", which means "Shun Shui is the name of the water in our city" to show that he never forgets his homeland. The name "Mr. Shunshui" began at this time. Tokugawa Mitsukuni wanted to build a new house, and he said four times: "The shameful rebels are still alive, and the painful sacrifices are missing. It is not my ambition to live in peace if I have a rich house." Under the influence of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese scholars and dignitaries also came to seek advice from him, either as disciples or to listen to his lectures. From then on, Zhu Zhiyu traveled between Edo and Mito, giving public lectures. He once sent a letter to Anton who was far away in Yanagawa to keep his promise and introduce the grand lectures. In the twenty-fourth year of Yongli (AD 1670), the Academy was first built in Japan. Zhu Zhiyu drew the drawings, measured the dimensions, visited the construction site to provide guidance, and later wrote the "Illustration of the Academy". He also made ancient sacrificial utensils such as Gui, bamboo slips, beans, and Deng, etc., led his students to study the interpretation of the memorial ceremony, revised the ritual notes, and specified the etiquette in detail. In the twenty-sixth year of the Eternal Dynasty (AD 1672), Tokugawa Mitsukuni set up Shokaokan, with Zhu Zhiyu's protégé An Jijue as editor-in-chief. Zhu Zhiyu was hired to guide him in compiling the "History of Japan" which advocated the theory of "respecting the king and unifying the king". Its influence Until the "Meiji Restoration" two hundred years later. Tokugawa Mitsukuni admired Zhu Zhiyu very much. When he took office as the feudal lord, Zhu Shunshui also went to Edo with him. Zhu Zhiyu became friends with Anzhi Danbo, Kinoshita Michiojun, and Yamaga Soyuki, who also compiled the "History of Japan" for Tokugawa Mitsukuni. And had a great influence on Mito's thoughts. Buried in a Foreign Country In the thirty-fifth year of Yongli (AD 1681), Zhu Zhiyu fell ill due to acclimatization and scabies all over his body and made him bedridden. In April of next year (AD 1682), three months after Gu Yanwu's death, Zhu Zhiyu died in Osaka, Japan, at the age of 83. He is buried in Zuiryuzan (Hitachi-Ota City, Ibaraki Prefecture), the cemetery of the previous Mito feudal lords. In order to commemorate his never forgetting his homeland, the tomb was specially built in the style of the Ming Dynasty. The inscription was "The Tomb of Zhu Zi, the Gentleman of the Ming Dynasty", and he was given the private title "Mr. Wen Gong". Tokugawa Mitsukuni led all the court officials to attend his funeral. Zhu Shunshui's last words before his death were: "I will no longer be able to visit the Han Dynasty and see the restoration of the cause. I am dead and have been overseas for decades. I have not found a single division to fight against the Manchus, and I have no face to serve the Ming Dynasty. From now on, I am just a mere soldier." He is so fond of the Emperor and Han that when he sees his burial place, he calls him "The Tomb of Zhu Zhiyu, a man from the Ming Dynasty". "Zhu Zhiyu has always looked forward to the day when the Central Plains can be restored. For this reason, he lived very frugally during his stay in Japan. , he actually saved more than three thousand gold when he died. This is what he hopes to restore the country's funding.

The Japanese scholars Imai Hiroshi and Anjueji wrote eulogies for their Chinese teachers: "Mr. Wuhu, a remnant of the Ming Dynasty. He took refuge in a chariot and came to Qiujin. He spent his sleep worrying about the country, and was stained with tears. Hengmen is always in a state of poverty, and his virtue is respected by his neighbors. When he sees him, his voice is warm and his appearance is majestic. He is well-educated and well-educated. He has a good moral character and protects his family and treasures. He is a respectful guest..." On the anniversary of his death, Anton kept his promise and cried in his memorial text: " Mr. Wuhu, you know that I am here. Now that I have passed away, who will ask if I have any doubts? Who will tell me if I have any concerns?"

Sichuan Guangguo sent people to sort out his posthumous manuscripts, and in the fifth year of Masanori Japan (1715 AD), a total of 28 volumes of "Collected Works of Mr. Shunsui" were published. There is a stone monument "Mr. Zhu Shunshui's final place" (Mr. Zhu Shunshui's final place) erected in the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Tokyo. When he visited Mito to visit the tomb of Zhu Shunshui in his youth, Ono Koyama, the elder of Japanese Han poetry, wrote a poem "Mr. Zhu Shunshui's Tomb":

The success or failure of safety is determined by God. It is not accidental to ask for help from across the sea.

A heart of loyalty and a blank bone, two lines of mournful tears spilling down into the underworld.

The monument still remembers the soldiers of the Ming Dynasty, who gave preferential treatment to the great sages of the country.

Don’t hate being buried in a solitary coffin in a special area, the territory of Kyushu is full of smell.

Academic Opinions

Zhu Zhiyu’s academic expertise is based on the wisdom of many experts. It is often said that “a thousand pieces of gold cannot be gathered in the arm of a fox”. He is well versed in classics and history, and his favorite is "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". He is good at "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". "Spring and Autumn Period"; in terms of moral thought, he advocated loyalty to the emperor and patriotism, and respected the great personalities of Su Wu and Wen Tianxiang. It was this academic style that was not ostentatious, solid and rigorous knowledge, and upright and noble personality that made his scholarship flourish in Japan. Japanese scholars at that time were proud to learn from Zhu Zhiyu, likening it to "Confucius who was seventy years old." His students are all over Japan, the most famous of which are Anton Moriyo, the historian and author of "History of Great Japan", Ito Jinsai, the founder of the ancient school of Japanese Confucianism and a famous philosopher in the Edo period, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Politician and founder of the "Mito School" of Confucianism, Tokugawa Mitsukuni, famous Confucian scholars Yamaga Soyuki, Kinoshita Junsai, etc. in the Edo period. Zhu Zhiyu did not write many writings in his life, but almost all of them were written in Japan, including "Collected Works of Mr. Zhu Shunshui", "Chronicles of Annan Service", "Yang Jiu Shulue", "Notes on Shi Mian Yi" and so on.

He discusses knowledge based on practicality. The so-called practical means that one is beneficial to oneself physically and mentally, and the other is beneficial to society. He said: "The way to learn is to focus on yourself and benefit the world and the country, and not to make a weak spleen and catch the wind. ... Do not plagiarize and whitewash it and call yourself "I am a Confucian". You can't do anything when you are in danger and doubt. The decision is too difficult to win, how can you be a Confucian?" He deeply hated the Ming Dynasty's eight-legged approach to recruiting scholars. He believed that "the Ming Dynasty used righteousness to recruit scholars. The main purpose of the subject is to obtain officials based on contemporary literature, to recruit scholars based on contemporary literature, and to compete for new talents. How can it be derived from the origin of the father's training and the teacher's disciples, hunting for the beauty of poetry, and burying their heads in singing? Even though he is still young and old, he only plagiarizes as his job and makes money as his ambition. Who knows the meaning of reading? Since he doesn’t know how to read, he rushes to open doors. In order to be honest and shameless, officials get money and politics get bribes. How could he regain his knowledge of being loyal to the emperor, patriotic, and governing the people?" He was also adept at arts and had ingenious ideas. "I once wrote the "School Palace Illustrations" for Tokugawa Mitsukuni. The pictures were completed and modeled on wood. One-tenth, the pillars, beams, and rafters are all fully prepared. As for the method of building the palace, which Zi Ren could not understand, Shunshui taught him personally, and he also measured and measured it with skill and skill, and the instructions were meticulous and completed over time. Guangguo wanted to build a stone bridge, and Shunshui taught Zi people the system. Zi people felt that they were not as capable as they were. In addition, Shunshui drew and taught many people about the utensils and clothes. "Although he is admired by people in Japan, he dares to criticize. The Japanese are narrow-minded and "narrow-minded", which will be a disaster for China in the future. "If you don't look down on your people,... you will blame Zhou for being narrow-minded and biased... so this idea is gray and cold." Yucai View

Zhu Zhiyu’s characteristic in education is that he regards China and foreign countries as one, and takes pleasure in educating talents from all over the world. He has lived in Japan for more than 20 years, has accepted more and more disciples, and has given public lectures. He told his Japanese disciples, "I am not a sycophant in the Four Kingdoms in Midsummer. We are all one and the same. Whenever I meet a talented person, I am happy to reward him." Confucian students often came to teach, and Zhu Zhiyu "discussed and taught, and was good at teaching the Tao". In his lectures, on the one hand, he affirmed that Japan's "talents and talents are outstanding" and can be like Confucius, Yan, Yao and Shun; on the other hand, he pointed out that Japan believed in Buddhism and that the Holy (Confucian) religion had not yet emerged, so there were problems. In his opinion, the foundation of Japan's founding is to respect teaching and encourage learning, and the top priority in governance is to cultivate talents. The idea of ??loyalty to the emperor and patriotism he advocated had a certain influence on Japan's later cause of "respecting the king and unifying the country".

Zhu Zhiyu "has been poor since childhood" and is capable of "mean things". He preached skills and taught tirelessly, and encouraged his Japanese disciples by "creating things to achieve success, and promoting the country", which expressed his views on talent cultivation. Regarding the way to teach people, he believed that there are certain things that are difficult to teach, and there are those that give according to people. "The most important thing in learning is practice"; "Aspiration should be like a mountain, and seeking teachers should be like the sea"; this is definitely not easy. Due to the different "qualities" of the disciples, different requirements are put forward and different revelations are given. This is a kind of charity based on people. He emphasizes practice but does not give up reading, because books can benefit people's sanity. Regarding the method of reading, he believed that reading history should come before reading scriptures; historical books are shallow in meaning, close to events, consistent with events, and easy to understand. These all reflect his emphasis on practicality and practicality. Academic influence

The reason why Tokugawa Mitsukuni was able to create the unique and accomplished Mito School of History is inseparable from Zhu Zhiyu’s many years of education and influence. Zhu Zhiyu taught in Japan and had the greatest influence on Mito Domain and Kaga Domain. An Jijue, Imai Hongji, Xiao Zhaishengshun and others were introduced to Zhu Zhiyu by Tokugawa Mitsukuni.

The lord of Kaga Domain, Maeda Tsunuki, also respected Zhu Zhiyu and held the disciple ceremony, so his subordinates all worshiped Zhu as their teacher. Okumura Yorei, a vassal of the Kaga Domain, and others also introduced several Confucian scholars including Hattori Chichu, Isogawa Takebo, and Shimogawa Sanshou to Zhu's sect. Later, Anjikaku, Imai Hiroshi, Igawa Takebo, Hattori Chichu, and Shimogawa Sanshou became Zhu Zhiyu's close disciples, and took on the responsibility of taking care of and serving the elderly teacher who was not proficient in Japanese. Responsibility for socializing and contacting.

Among these five disciples, Anjikuaku achieved the greatest success in the future, and together with Tokugawa Mitsukuni, he became the leader of the Mito School in Japan. At the age of 13, he studied under Zhu Zhiyu and received elementary education. Later, he dropped out of school because his father died of illness and he went home to attend the funeral. When An Jijue became an adult, he recalled that the reason why he was able to achieve academic success was because his teacher "taught rigorous courses and read in the morning and recited in the evening, so he has not forgotten his ears to this day." Zhu Zhiyu liked this frail student very much and personally wrote an exercise book for him and urged him to "write his homework every day." In his later years, An Jijue also warned his grandchildren: (Mr. Shunshui's) "Every word or word is hidden and protected. All my descendants should respect him as a god. Those who are degraded and lost are not my descendants."

Zhu Zhiyu also tried his best to care for several other close disciples. He saw that the three provinces of Xia Sichuan were "gentle and sincere", "nursing her like a loving mother, supervising her like a strict father". The student Takebo Igawa has a good foundation in academics. Zhu Zhiyu is afraid that he will have difficulty getting in and out of studies, so he encourages him not to waste his time and get to the next level. Hattori Chichi joined Zhu Zhiyu at first, but he was homesick and uneasy to study. Zhu Zhiyu was neither impatient nor confused by his disease, and was strict with his requirements. After a month, Hattori Chichi made great progress in his studies, and his relationship with his teacher also became deeper and deeper. . Zhu Zhiyu has been engaged in education in Japan for more than 20 years. During this period, he has had many more students who either held discipleship ceremonies or asked questions from him. Among those who have achieved academic success are Lin Chunxin, Zuo Zuo Zongchun, Ren Jianchuan and others.

Later Japanese scholars commented: "God's blessing is returned. Confucianism takes managing the world and governing the people as its main principle, and does not engage in empty theories and empty theories. This is all given by Shun... Not only did the Meiji Restoration receive this good The influence of Zhu's theory itself has been carried forward, and its contribution is also great!" Liang Qichao also said when commenting on Zhu Shunshui: "Chinese Confucianism became the foundation of Japanese morality, and it can also be said that Shunshui created it." Shun Shui's personality was extremely noble and severe, so the Japanese intellectuals were most deeply influenced by him. "Yang Jiu Shulue

After Zhu Zhiyu settled in Japan, he calmly reviewed and studied the historical lessons of the fall of the Ming Dynasty, and at the age of sixty-two. At that time, that is, the seventeenth year after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he wrote the famous "Summary of Yangjiu in Central Plains". This work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is titled "Reasons for Captivity". Shunshui believed that there were two main reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty: one was political corruption. "The difficulty of rebelling against the captives in China will bring shame to all generations. The unkindness of the rebelling against the captives is also what the Chinese scholar-bureaucrats bring upon themselves. There is a saying: 'The wood will decay and then the moth will grow on it.' There is no immortal wood, and moths can grow on it." That's who." The second is academic hypocrisy. In the late Ming Dynasty, the imperial examination became a means for literati to seize personal fame. Therefore, people spent their spare years hunting for Chinese poetry and immersed themselves in chattering. They did not know the meaning of studying to govern the people!

Chapter 2 discusses the "Two Articles of Captive Power". One is about the dereliction of duty by frontier officials during the Tianqi and Chongzhen years, which led to the rampage of the captives; the second is about the raids and levies after the captives entered the Central Plains, which caused the world to be in a state of uproar. The third chapter talks about the "Ten Rules of Harassment".

Shun Shui denounced the ten major crimes committed by the Manchus after they took over the Central Plains: 1. The harm caused by the Easterners, from the north of the Yangtze River to Nanjing. 2. There are dangers along the coast to defend the border, raise troops, hide and provide relief. 3. There are harms caused by shipbuilding, helpers and craftsmen in offshore areas. 4. Issue the damage to the rudder tip. 5. There are dangers in dispatching shipping materials and transporting wood and plants in the mainland. 6. Counties near the provincial capital are prone to the dangers of lending money to raise interest and buying officials to attach themselves to camps. 7. Officials have the disadvantage of being assigned to Shangyang Castle and Ninggu Pagoda, and merged into flags and armors. 8. When buying an official position, you only need to have money, regardless of the harm caused by sex. 9. Fight the harm caused by rats. 10. The harm of house demolition.

The fourth chapter is called "Strategy to Destroy the Captives". "The strategy of destroying the captives is not that they are strange, but that everything is contrary to them." Shunshui gave an example: "They are cruel, and I use benevolence; they are greedy, and I use righteousness. If you solve the problem of hanging upside down, you have already ascended the throne; The water and fire are the coolness of Wo. Then the innocent sons and heroes of the world are all my sons and brothers of the same spirit. How can they work together to avenge the bitter hatred of seventeen years? Although the captives have great plans and secret plans, they have nothing to do with them. However, Guizhou Donkey's skills are limited, and all the skills of the mountain ghosts are revealed, so they have nothing to fear." The end of the chapter. Signed: "Looking at the sun in June of the Xinchou year, Zhu Zhiyu, the lonely minister of the Ming Dynasty, wept with blood and paid homage to him." The feeling of loyalty and loyalty shines through the back of the paper.

After writing this work, Shunshui asked his Japanese friend Anton to collect and preserve it, saying, "In the future, I will collect anecdotes from other counties and prepare them for historians." List of writings "Collected Works of Mr. Zhu Shunshui"

"Yang Jiu's Brief Description"

"Shi Mian Yi Notes"

"Zhu Shunshui Collection" 1st and 2nd Zhu Qian

"New Supplement to the Collection of Zhu Shunshui" Famous Quotes from Xu Xingqing's Representative Works

Education is the foundation of a country

To cultivate one's character and conduct one's life, there is nothing left to do other than sincerity

If you are full, what can you do without loss? Be careful! Be careful! Poems

Manxing

Traveling far away, Xu leaves traces, moving boats to live in other peaks.

The suicide note is searched on the wall of the hole, and the immortal road is separated by Qin Feng.

The water flows endlessly, when will we meet our old friends again?

As time goes by, the country’s books become more and more full of regrets.

Reflections on Japan in Refuge

Part 1

The Han natives looked to the west and saw the dusk, saddened by the barbarians occupying the Central Plains.

Although the clothes and hats are of the previous dynasty, the East China Sea flag recognizes the homeland.

Second

Where is our country now after 20 years? He also reported to Donghu to set up puppet officials.

Looking at the emperor's spirit of the Han family, the night is long with swords across the sea.