Directory introduction

Tagore's life

Tagore's creation

Tagore's family background

Tagore chronology

Tagore and China

brief introduction

Rabindranath Tagore [Rabindranath Tagore ]( 186 1 May 7th,1941August 7th,) is an Indian poet, philosopher and Indian nationalist. 19/kloc-won Nobel Prize in Literature in 0/3, and was the first Asian to win Nobel Prize in Literature.

Tagore was born in Calcutta, India, a well-educated and wealthy family. His father is a local Hindu leader. In foreign countries, Tagore is generally regarded as a poet, but rarely regarded as a philosopher, but in India, the two are often the same. His poems contain profound religious and philosophical views. For Tagore, his poems are his gifts to God, and he himself is the pursuer of God. His poems enjoy an epic status in India. He himself is regarded as a saint by many Hindus.

In addition to poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, travel notes, plays and more than 2,000 songs. His poems are mainly written in Bengali, where his poems are very popular.

His prose mainly focuses on society, politics and education, while his poems mainly describe nature and life besides religious content. In Tagore's poems, life itself and its diversity are the reasons for joy. At the same time, his love (including patriotism) is also one of the contents of his poems.

Tagore's poems are used in the national anthems of India and Bangladesh. Owen and Ye Zhi were deeply moved by his poems. With Ye Zhi's encouragement, Tagore translated his poem "Pond over the Pond" into English, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 19 13.

The digital account number is: 16027 1683, but later he alienated the movement. In order to protest against the 19 19 Zalenwala Garden tragedy, he refused the knighthood conferred by the British king, and he was the first person to refuse the honor conferred by the British king.

He opposed the education system established by Britain in India, and opposed this "artificial", completely obedient, dead-endorsed and out of touch with natural schools. Therefore, he established a school designed according to his vision in his hometown, which is the predecessor of Vishwa-bharathi University.

In his poems, Tagore also expressed his despair and sorrow for the war, but his hope for peace had no political factors. He hopes that all people can live in a perfect and peaceful world.

Tagore traveled many times, which made him understand many different cultures and the differences between them. His description of eastern and western cultures is by far the most delicate of its kind.

Tagore's life

Rabindranath Tagore (1861~1941) is a famous Indian poet, writer, artist, novelist, thinker and social activist. 19 13 to obtain Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Calcutta, a family rich in philosophy, literature and art, he began to write poems at the age of 8 and showed extraordinary talent. 13 years old, can write long poems and compose poems. 1878 went to study in Britain, 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary activities. 1884 to 19 1 1, secretary of the Vatican Institute, founded an international university in the 1920s. 194 1 year, he wrote his famous last words, Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule and believing that the motherland would be liberated independently. Tagore is a writer with great world influence. He wrote more than 50 poems and was called "poet saint". He wrote 12 novellas, 100 short stories, more than 20 plays and a large number of literary, philosophical and political works, and created 1500 paintings and countless songs. Literature, history, philosophy, art, politics, economy and other categories are almost all-encompassing. His works reflect the Indian people's strong desire to change their destiny under the oppression of imperialism and feudal caste system, and describe their indomitable struggle. They are full of distinctive patriotism and democratic spirit, rich in national style and characteristics, and have high artistic value, which is deeply loved by the people. His important poems include story poems (1900), Gitanjali (19 10), crescent moon (19 13) and birds (19655). Important novels include the short stories Paying off the Debt (189 1), Abandonment (1893), Suba (1893) and Life or Death? (1892), mahamoya (1892), the sun and dark clouds (1894), the novella Four Men (19 16) and the novel Sinking. Important essays of People's Red include DeathTrading (188 1), China Talk (1924) and Russian Letters (193 1). His works were introduced to China as early as 19 15, and now there are 10 volumes of Tagore's works published in Chinese.

1861On May 7th, Rabindranath Tagore was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Kolkata, India. His father Tagore was a famous philosopher and social activist. My brother and sister are also celebrities. Influenced by this literary family environment, Tagore began to write poems at the age of 8, began to write plays at the age of 12, published his first long poem "Wild Flowers" at the age of 15, and published a narrative poem "The Poet's Story" at the age of 17. Tagore, a brilliant young man, embarked on the road of literary creation. 1886 published the New Moon Collection, which became a compulsory literature textbook for Indian schools. During this period, he also wrote many political articles attacking American colonial rule.

190 1 year, Tagore founded a school engaged in children's education experiments in San Niktan. This school developed into an international university for Asian cultural exchange in 19 12.

From 65438 to 0905, Tagore devoted himself to the national independence movement and wrote patriotic songs such as Flood. The will of the people is set as the national anthem of India today. 19 10, Tagore published the novel Gora. 19 16 published the novel Home and the World, enthusiastically praising the patriotic spirit of striving for national independence. 19 12, Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his lyric poetry collection "Gitanjali". 19 13 released famous birds and gardeners.

1924 visit to China. After Tagore returned to China, he wrote many articles, expressing his friendly feelings towards the people of China.

Tagore's life was spent in the era when India was under British colonial rule. The fall of the motherland, the humiliation of the nation and the miserable life of the colonial people were deeply imprinted in Tagore's heart, and patriotic thoughts were strongly reflected in his works from the beginning. Although he was born in a rich family and lived in a complex society, his love and hate were clear, his creative thinking was clear and he always kept pace with the times. At the height of the national independence movement, he wrote to the British Governor to protest against colonial rule and sang his patriotic poems to lead demonstrations. He also resolutely gave up the titles and privileges granted by the British government. Indian people respect and love him, calling him a poet, India's conscience and India's soul.

Tagore was not a narrow-minded patriot. He has always expressed deep sympathy and given strong support to the people of all countries who have suffered imperialist aggression and oppression. In the 1920s, Tagore visited many countries and organized anti-war peace groups with cultural celebrities from all over the world. In the 1930s, when Germany, Italy and Japanese fascists launched a war of aggression, Tagore stood up angrily and shouted to the world: "Before I leave, I call on every family to be ready to fight that beast in human skin." This world-famous and versatile writer has written more than 50 poems, 12 novellas, 100 short stories, more than 200 plays, many papers on literature, philosophy and politics, as well as memoirs, travel notes and letters. Among them, the famous poem Gitanjali published in 192 1 won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Tagore. Story poems and Two Mu of Land are immortal poems loved by Indian people. The popular Kabul Man, Suba and Moya are all masterpieces of the world's short stories. Atonement, Stubborn Fortress and Oleander are all famous drama scripts that mercilessly exposed and flogged the social reality of India at that time.

Tagore is not only an accomplished writer and poet but also an accomplished composer and painter. He wrote more than 2000 exciting and beautiful songs in his life. Among them, he wrote many passionate patriotic songs during the climax of India's national liberation movement, which became a powerful weapon to inspire the Indian people to resist colonial rule. The song "The Will of the People" was designated as the national anthem of India in 1950. Tagore studied painting at the age of 70, and his 1500 frames of paintings were exhibited as art treasures in many famous places in the world.

194 1 year, Tagore died at the age of 8 1 year.

Tagore (1861~1941)

Tagore, Robin Delanat

Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist. He is an influential figure who introduced Indian culture to the west and introduced western culture to India.

Born in Kolkata, West Bengal on May 7th, 186 1, died in the same place on August 7th. This family belongs to the Brahmin caste, a merchant and landlord. Grandfather Deval Jenat Tagore and father Dai Bandera Nat Tagore are both social activists who support social reform. Tagore attended Oriental College, Normal School and Bangladesh College, but did not complete his formal studies. His knowledge comes from the advice of his father, brother and tutor and his own efforts. /kloc-began to write poetry at the age of 0/3, and/kloc-published patriotic poem "For Hindu Temple Fair" at the age of 0/4. From 65438 to 0878, he followed the wishes of his father and brother and went to England to study. He studied law first, then transferred to London University to study English literature and study western music. 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary creation. 1884, he left the city and went to the countryside to manage his ancestral land. 190 1 year, founded a school in Santiktan, near Bolpur, Bangladesh. 192 1 year, this school developed into an international university for the exchange of Asian culture. After 1905, the national liberation movement reached its climax, and the people of Bangladesh and all India opposed the decision to split Bangladesh, forming a vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tagore went to Calcutta to take part in sports. He was filled with indignation and wrote many patriotic poems. However, he soon disagreed with other leaders of the movement. He disapproved of the people's "direct action" to burn British goods and insult the British, but advocated doing more "constructive" work, such as going to the countryside to develop industry and eliminate poverty and ignorance. He quit the movement in 1907 and returned to the holy land of Nikitan, living in seclusion and burying himself in writing. 19 13 years, because of the English version of Gitanjaly (Ode to Sacrifice, published in 19 1 1), it won the Nobel Prize in Literature and became famous in the world literary world. He was awarded a doctorate by Calcutta University. The British government conferred a title on him. After the outbreak of World War I, he crossed the ocean 10 times, visited dozens of countries and regions, spread peace and friendship, and engaged in cultural exchanges. 19 19, Amritsar tragedy happened, and the British army shot and killed 1000 Indian civilians. Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest. 1930, he visited the Soviet Union and wrote Russian Letters. He condemned the invasion of Abyssinia by Italian fascists. Support the government of the Spanish Republic against the fascist leader Franco. After the outbreak of World War II, he wrote an article denouncing Hitler's unjust behavior. He has always been concerned about world politics and the fate of the people and supported the just cause of mankind.

Tagore's creation

1. Main works

In the nearly 70 years of creative activities, Tagore wrote more than 50 poems, 12 novellas, 100 short stories, more than 20 plays, a large number of works in literature, philosophy and politics, and also created more than 1500 paintings and more than 2,000 songs, among which/kloc-

/kloc-after 0/3 years old, Tagore published long poems such as Wild Flowers and Poet's Tales. From 188 1 ~ 1885, lyric poetry collections such as Sunset Song, Morning Song, Painting and Song, as well as dramas and novels were published. Drama and novels are mainly epics and past books, and poetry is full of romanticism. 1886, the publication of the poetry collection "Rigid and Soft" marked that he entered a period of facing life and real life directly on his creative road. Yearning in the Heart is his first mature work, and his unique style has begun to take shape. During this period, he also wrote the plays "King and Queen" and "Sacrifice", opposing the restoration of the privileges and backward customs of Brahman priests. The 65438+1990s was the heyday of Tagore's creation. Starting from 189 1, satana, edited by him, published more than 60 short stories, including Moya Moya, which mainly opposed feudal oppression and exposed unreasonable phenomena in real life. Five lyric poems, short philosophical poems 1, poetry anthology 1 and story poetry anthology 1 were published. The narrative poem "Two Mu of Land" in Colorful Collection is the highest embodiment of the author's democratic thought. Starting with Examples, he began to write poems in Bengali dialect. Most of the poems in his second English-translated collection of poems, The Gardener Collection, are selected from the works of this period.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Tagore suffered personal misfortune, and the grief and sadness of losing his wife, daughter and father were recorded in the poetry collections Memories, Children and Ferry. He also wrote two novels, Little Sand and Shipwreck. 19 10, the novel "Gora" was published, which reflected the complex phenomenon in Indian social life and shaped the image of a soldier who fought for national freedom and liberation. Praise the patriotic enthusiasm of new Hindus and their confidence in the freedom of the motherland, but also criticize their thoughts of maintaining the old tradition; The dogmatism and worship of foreign things and flattery of some people in Vatican society have also been whipped. During this period, he also created symbolic dramas "The King" and "Post Office" and satirical drama "Stubborn Fortress". 19 10, the Bengali poetry collection "Chittaglia" was published. Later, when Tagore lived in London, he translated some poems from "Chittaglia", "Ferry" and "Dedication" into English. In 19 13, the English version of "Chittaglia" was published, and Tagore became. He entered another creative climax, and published poems such as Garland of Songs, Ode, White Crane, Escape, novella Four People and Family and the World. In the 1920s, Tagore continued to write, publishing dramas such as Mokdotara and Red Oleander, novels such as Controversy, The Last Poetry and some poems. In 1930s, he published the novels Two Sisters, Garden and Four Chapters. Drama "Wheels of the Times" and "Kingdom of Cards"; Poetry "Once again", "Marginal Collection" and political lyric poem "Buddha's Ritual". 194 1 In April, he wrote his last words, the famous Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule and expressing his firm belief in national independence.

2. Ideological development and artistic achievements

Tagore was born in an era of rapid change and was influenced by traditional Indian philosophy and western philosophy. But the most basic and core part of his world outlook is the traditional pantheism in India, that is, "the unity of Brahma and Me". In Colorful Collection, he first put forward the concept of "God of Life". His devotion to God is combined with his love for life, country and people. But it also casts a strong mysticism on his poems. In addition, he advocated the spiritual civilization of the East, but did not obliterate the material civilization of the West. All these make his thoughts full of contradictions, which are manifested in his creation. Throughout Tagore's life thought and creative development, it can be roughly divided into three stages: ① From childhood to around 19 10, he actively participated in anti-British political activities, praised national heroes, preached patriotism and advocated great national unity in India. ② He lived in seclusion to 19 19 and actively participated in the national movement again. His patriotic enthusiasm faded slightly, and his poems with strong political content were replaced by poems with mysterious meanings. These poems were also influenced by western symbolism and aestheticism and advocated love and harmony. ③ From the Amritsar tragedy in 19 19 until his death, he began to care about politics and actively participated in the national liberation struggle. His works are full of political passion, broad vision and great concern for the world and mankind. It can be said that Tagore's life's creation has both "Bodhisattva's compassion" and "King Kong's glare". Influenced by Indian classical literature, western poetry and Bangladeshi folk lyrics, most of his poems are rhymed and unabridged free poems and prose poems. Influenced by western novels, his novels are innovative, especially the combination of poetry and painting to form a unique style.

Robin Delanat? Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) is a Bengali poet, writer, artist and social activist in India. Born in Calcutta, a family with profound cultural upbringing, his father was a famous religious reformer and social activist, and his six brothers were also committed to social reform and Renaissance. Tagore hated formal school education since he was a child, and his youth was spent by family education and hard self-study. 1878 went to England to study law, and then transferred to London University to study English literature and western music.

Tagore showed his talent in his childhood. He was only 14 years old when his patriotic poem "Temple Fair of Hindus" (1875) was published. 1880, Tagore became a professional writer at the age of 19. From 188 1 to 1885, he published a collection of lyric poems, including Song of the Sunset (1882) and Morning Song (1883), as well as plays and novels. These early injuries are characterized by more dreams than reality and full of romanticism.

The 1990s was the heyday of Tagore's creation, and Yearning in the Heart (1890) was his first mature work. The publication of the famous poem Two Mu of Land (1894) marked Tagore's transformation from religious mysticism to profound humanitarianism. The poems of this period include Golden Sailboat (1894), Colorful Collection (1896), The Fifth Collection of Lyrics and A Collection of Stories (1900). In addition, he has written more than 60 short stories, including Suba (1893), Moye (1892) and To be or not to be? "(1892) has been included in the world's outstanding short stories.

190 1 year, Tagore founded a school to transform society and engaged in children's education experiments. 19 12, this school has become an international university for cultural exchange in Asia. Due to the British separatist policy in Bangladesh, India set off the first climax of the national liberation movement in 1905. Tagore took an active part in this movement and wrote many patriotic poems. This period is the most brilliant period of his creation. He published eight poems in Bengali and eight poems in English, among which "Gitanjali" won the world reputation for the poet. Important poetry collections in this period include Gardeners Collection (19 13), Crescent Moon Collection (19 15) and Birds Collection (19 16). 19 10, Tagore published the epic novel Gora and the symbolic drama The King.

19 19, India launched the second national liberation movement. In order to seek the road of national liberation, he traveled all over five continents and delivered many famous speeches. The outstanding achievements in this period are political lyric poems, which are collected in Africa Collection (1937), Marginal Collection (1938), Birthday Collection (194 1) and other works.

Tagore wrote more than 50 poems, 65,438+02 novels, 65,438+000 short stories, more than 20 plays, and a large number of literary, philosophical and political works, travel notes and books. In addition, he is a musician and painter with profound attainments. He composed more than 2000 songs and 1500 frames of paintings, among which the song "The Will of the People" was designated as the national anthem of India.

In his artistic career of more than 60 years, he inherited the excellent traditions of classicism and folk literature, absorbed the rich nutrition of European romanticism and realism literature, achieved perfection in his creation, made brilliant achievements, and became a generation of cultural giants. 19 13, "because his poems are sensitive, fresh and beautiful; This poem was written with superb skills and expressed in English by himself, which made his poetic thoughts a part of western literature and won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The British government conferred a title on him.

194 1 April, this prodigy, the founder of modern Indian literature, wrote his last words, the crisis of civilization. On August 7th of the same year, Tagore died in his ancestral home in Kolkata.

magnum opus

Poetry Collection: Poems of Twilight, Morning Song, Yearning in My Heart, Two Mu of Land, Golden Sailboat, Colorful Collection, Poems of Stories, Suba, Moya, To be or not to be? "and so on.

India in the early 20th century was a British colony. Political oppression and economic exploitation plunged the people of this ancient country into poverty and ignorance. In order to wake up the sleeping giant, two great men came into being. One is Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the national liberation movement, and the other is Robin Delanat, the greatest cultural giant in modern Indian history? Tagore (1861-1941). Tagore is versatile and talented. He is not only a master of literature and art, a knowledgeable philosopher, an outstanding social activist, but also an educator who is determined to innovate. His life's contribution not only has epoch-making significance in Indian history, but also has great influence in the world. Tagore has exerted a wide and far-reaching influence on all aspects of Indian culture. The most outstanding performance of his genius is probably his amazing creative quantity. /kloc-started writing poetry at the age of 0/2. In his writing career of more than 60 years, he has created a large number of works, including thousands of poems and 1200 lyrics, and composed music for most of them. Novels 12, more than 200 short stories, 38 plays, and many papers and memoirs, letters and travel notes about philosophy, literature and politics. In addition, he has created more than 2,700 paintings. He left an unusually rich cultural heritage to India and the world. 19 13, "because his poems are sensitive, fresh and beautiful; These poems are not only superb in skills, but also expressed in English by himself, which makes his poetic thoughts a part of western literature. " Tagore was awarded the highest honor in Nobel Prize in Literature by Swedish Academy, becoming the first Asian writer to win this honor. After 55 years, Yasunari Kawabata of Japan won this title again. Tagore is famous in the world. His poems are rich in genre and theme, fresh and meaningful; The novel has novel style and strong appeal; There are many kinds of dramas, full of philosophical meaning; Songs are tragic and touching, or majestic and eclectic. In people's impression, Tagore appeared as a great "singer and philosopher". Let's turn our attention to Kolkata, West Bengal, where Robin Delanat was born on May 7th, 186 1. Tagore family and rabbi's childhood Tagore family's original surname is Taker (the honorific title of Bangladeshi, meaning "saint"), and Tagore is its English variant. Robin Delanat's grandfather, Devalka Nat, "Prince". At the same time, he is also a thinker and cultural celebrity. At that time, many progressives' reform movements were strongly supported by him. Debendra Nath, the heir of "Prince", has different social enthusiasm from his father. He introspected and devoted himself to the study of philosophical and religious works. He has three different qualities: profound faith in religion, sensitivity to art and shrewdness in practical work. For the more famous son, his influence is undoubtedly far-reaching. His gentleness, dignity and generosity earned him the reputation of "Maha Bridge" (meaning "Great Sage"). Debenderanate has a big family. He has 15 children. After the daughter got married, the son-in-law also lived in his house for a long time. In addition, there are some relatives and many servants. Children grow up in an environment of complete freedom and strict family education, religious piety and enjoying a good life. This family inherited the Indian cultural tradition that my father loved and was deeply influenced by western culture. It often holds philosophical and religious seminars, poetry recitals, regular performances and concerts arranged from time to time. Famous poets, actors, musicians and scholars often become guests. "Maha Bridge" allows children to freely develop their own specialties, fully express their opinions without restrictions, and has an extremely open attitude. Robin Delatrey was born in such an environment, and in the process of forming his character, he absorbed wisdom and beauty from this environment. "The torrent of the Indian Renaissance surged around him." . As the youngest son of his parents, Robin Delanat, nicknamed "Rabbi", became the favorite object of every family member. But he is not spoiled by each other. On the contrary, the lifestyle of this family is very simple. According to religious regulations, children are not allowed to wear shoes and socks until they reach 10 years old. Rabbi went to four schools in Zhong Da, but he didn't like them. He hates the education system that ignores personality, hates the cage-like classroom that is far away from nature, and can't tolerate the hostile attitude and brutal corporal punishment of teachers. He likes the gardens, ponds, spring and white clouds outside the school. Later, he went to Oriental College, Teachers College and Bangladesh College, but he didn't finish his studies. He later devoted himself to educational innovation, which was not unrelated. In contrast, the influence of family on him is extremely obvious. Rabbis' rich knowledge of history, literature and science comes from their fathers and brothers. The Tagore family made great contributions to the national liberation movement in India and the winter Renaissance in Bangladesh. Stevie Quindera Nath, a talented poet and philosopher, once introduced western philosophy to India. Sadiyan Dranath, another historian, was the first Indian to enter the British Indian government. He knows many languages and has translated and published many classical works in Sanskrit and Bengali. Sister Svaner Living Goddess is the first female writer to write a novel in Bengali. My brother Jotilling Delanat became a musician, playwright, poet and journalist. As a rabbi, he was 65,438+03 years old, appreciated and encouraged his talents, and directly led him to the literary world by establishing the literary magazine Bonotti Monthly. In addition, Katie Barry, the wife of Jotilyn Delanat? Dai Wei is an elegant and generous woman. She devoted herself to the rabbi and arranged a beautiful and elegant environment for him. She has almost become the ideal figure of the rabbi, and there is a romantic attachment between them. Rabbi spent the happiest and most comfortable days in his life in such a family atmosphere.

India's famous poet, writer, artist and social activist was born in Calcutta, a family rich in philosophy, literature and art. At the age of 65,438+03, he was able to write long poems and anthologies in the form of ode. I studied literature and music in England, traveled around the world more than ten times, and talked with Roman? Roland, Einstein and many other world celebrities have many contacts and devoted their lives to the exchange and coordination between eastern and western civilizations. Tagore is famous as a poet, and he wrote more than 50 poems, such as Gitanjali, which is called "Poet Saint". He is also a famous novelist, playwright, composer and painter. He has completed 12 novels, more than 0/00 short stories, more than 20 plays, more than 500 paintings and more than 2,000 songs. Tagore was also a talented philosopher, educator and social activist. 19 13, Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his collection of poems "Gitanjali".

Tagore is one of the greatest writers, poets, novelists, dramatists, artists and musicians in modern India. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2003 for his collection of English prose poems "Gitanjali". I often think Tagore is like a star in the sky. 39806.88861"There, fearless, head held high; There, knowledge is free; ..... Words spoken from the depths of truth; ..... there, the mind is guided by you, and moves towards the thoughts and behaviors that are constantly relaxed. "(Gitankari) This is Tagore, just like the morning star that guides us to the dawn.