"Study requires doubt", "Doubt is not only a necessary step in identifying falsehoods and eliminating falsehoods on the negative side, but also a basic condition for building new doctrines and inspiring new inventions on the positive side."

From the junior high school Chinese language "Doubt and Knowledge".

The text is a good example for students to feel the rigor of argumentative argumentation. It is a classic argumentative essay written by Gu Jiegang, a famous modern historian in my country. It has clear and profound views, sufficient and thorough reasoning, and the discussion The problem is highly targeted and universal, and it still has far-reaching practical significance. At the beginning of the article, the article uses the famous sayings of Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai to put forward the point of view of this article: Scholarship must have a skeptical spirit.

Then it explains the reasons for proposing this argument, and then explains in detail how to read and study with a "sceptical spirit", and summarizes the sub-argument that "skepticism is a necessary step in identifying falsehoods and eliminating falsehoods in negative aspects", and concludes with The last paragraph puts forward another sub-argument: "Doubt is also a basic condition for actively building new doctrines and inspiring new inventions."

The structure is complete and tight, the arguments are advanced layer by layer, the discussion is well-founded and persuasive, and it has a great inspiring effect on readers.

Extended information:

Excerpts from the text of "Doubt and Knowledge":

"Scholars must first understand doubt."——Cheng Yi

"Those who do not doubt when they are doubtful have never learned; to learn, one must doubt." - Zhang Zai

The basis of knowledge is facts and evidence. There are two sources of facts and evidence: one is what you see with your own eyes, and the other is what you hear from others.

For example, in times of national crisis, there must be a lot of oral news from various places. No matter how dangerous it is, it is other people's legends and may not be reliable. To know the actual situation, you can only rely on your own personal inspection. . The same is true in learning. The most important and reliable material is the factual basis that you have seen with your own eyes; but sometimes this kind of evidence cannot be seen in person, so you can only rely on other people's legends.