Zhang Zi Xue Ganlu Confucius said: If you hear more doubts, be careful of the rest, then you will be rare; If you see more dangers, if you are cautious about others, you will regret it. If you don't say anything, you will regret it, and Lu is one of them!
Zhang Zi is a student of Confucius. His surname is Mingshi. He is four or eighteen years younger than Confucius. He is a young student. He came to Confucius to learn to be honest. What is "manna"? "Doing" means working hard, working hard and doing well, that is, how to get a position. Confucius did not object to seeking an official position. He constantly recommended his students to be officials. Zhang Zilai asked him how to be an official. He said, to be a good official, you must be knowledgeable, listen more, see more and experience more, and keep what you doubt and don't understand. Be reserved, speak carefully, don't talk too much, and you will have less concerns; If you can foresee the danger more, you will act cautiously, and then you will have less regrets. Talk less and do more, be cautious in what you say and do, and be generous.
Confucius has always advocated that words must be kept, and actions must be fruitful. If you talk too much, you will suffer, so you should talk less and do more, and do what you say.
Aigong asked: What is serving the people? Confucius said to him: If you make all mistakes, the people will obey you. If the mistake is wrong, the people will not accept it.
Aigong is the monarch of Lu. He asked Confucius the truth of governing the country and how to make the people obey. Confucius advocated benevolent governance and serving people with virtue, so he said that people would naturally obey by promoting honest and talented people and eliminating arrogant people. "straightening up" means promoting people who walk straight, including sages, loyal ministers and gifted scholars. The mistake of "wrong is wrong" is equal to measurement, that is, let him go, let him go, let the arrogant people go, and the people will naturally be convinced. On the contrary, ordinary people will naturally be dissatisfied with "pointing out mistakes and correcting them", promoting arrogant people, or only using people they like, while hitting good people. In other words, people should have both ability and political integrity and put morality first.
Ji Kangzi asked: That makes people respect loyalty and persuade them? Confucius said: Being near the village is respectful. Filial piety is loyalty. If teaching can't be good, persuade.
Ji Kangzi is a powerful minister of Lu. He also inquired about the management of the country. How to educate people to respect others and be loyal to things? Respect means respecting people, loyalty means being loyal to things, and persuasion means teaching. Confucius said that if you are close to the people, you must have real solemn feelings in your heart, and the people will naturally respect you. Be kind to the people and they will be loyal to you. Advocate good and good, do not engage in red tape, and do good sincerely. "Can't teach", people who don't understand, don't hate him, teach him, because you are a gentleman, an official and equal to his elders. Since you are an elder and a teacher, try to teach him, and he will naturally be affected.
Or Confucius said: Zi Xi is not a politician? Confucius said, "Book" said: "Do filial piety, only honor your brothers, and be devoted to politics." Is it also the government, and it is the government?
Someone said to Confucius, you have talked so much about being a politician, why don't you come out and be a politician yourself? Confucius quoted the words in the Book of History to answer: "Isn't there filial piety in the Book of Songs?" A person can honor his parents and love his brothers, family and friends at home. This is politics. " Governing a family is politics. How?
Home is the smallest country, the country is the largest, home and country are integrated, family is the cell of society, and every family is happy. How can a country be bad?
Confucius said: people without faith don't know what they can do. The cart has no track, and the car has no track. How can we do that?
The most important thing in politics is credit. In order to win the trust of the people, Shang Yang erected a piece of wood on the south gate wall and posted a notice. If someone moves the wood to the north gate, he will get ten pieces of gold. Nobody believes it. Only when the reward rose to fifty gold, a strong man moved the wood to the north gate, and Shang Yang rewarded him with fifty gold as promised. This move has won public trust in the new law. If the monarch changes his mind, he will lose the trust of the people and can do nothing. The same is true of being a man. The story of the wolf warns people that lying will pay the price of their lives. Credit is like a pole on an ancient carriage. Without it, it is difficult to move.
Zhang Zi asked: Is the tenth known? Confucius said: You know the gains and losses of Yin. Zhou's gains and losses are all known. Its or its successor, though immortal, is also known.
Zhang Zi asked Confucius if he could predict what would happen after thousands of generations. Confucius talked about Xia, Shang and Zhou here, only citing the past to represent the future. Confucius said that the culture of Shang Dynasty evolved from that of Xia Dynasty. Due to the changes of the times, the original culture of Xia Dynasty was damaged and gained. The culture of the Zhou Dynasty came from Li Yin and was also adjusted. Social civilization after the Zhou Dynasty will also be inherited and developed, and so will it after thousands of generations, which is the inevitable development of history.
The correct way to govern is to inherit and carry forward, not to westernize completely, to have national confidence, to make the past serve the present and to make foreign things serve China.
Confucius said: It's a great honor to sacrifice it to a ghost. If you don't do the right thing, you won't have the courage.
These two sentences are the conclusion of the chapter "Being a politician". Why do you mention ghosts? China culture stresses filial piety to ancestors, so it is necessary to worship ghosts. So the ghost is here, not the devil as most people say, but the soul of our ancestors. Worship ghosts, worship your own ghosts, and worship other people's ancestors is flattery. Seeing what should be done, I dare not do it. If you have no courage, you shouldn't go into politics.