Life of Lu Xun

Lu Xun (1881-1936) was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. A great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionist. Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Zhangshou and the nickname Hencai; "Lu Xun" was a pen name he used after joining the May 4th May 4th Movement. Because of his growing influence, people used to call him Lu Xun.

Lu Xun was born on September 25, 1882 in a feudal scholar-bureaucrat family in Duchangfangkou, Shaoxing. He was enlightened at the age of 7 and studied at Sanwei Bookstore at the age of 12. He was studious, inquisitive, well-read and memorized, and liked to read unofficial histories after school. Notes and folk literature books, he developed a strong interest in the art of painting, and has since laid a solid cultural foundation. He was not limited to the Four Books and Five Classics, but sought extracurricular readings from many sources, and worked hard to master historical and cultural knowledge.

Shaoxing’s long history and splendid culture, especially the moral articles of many Vietnamese and Chinese sages, had a great influence on Lu Xun’s thoughts. When Lu Xun was a boy, his grandfather was imprisoned due to a court case, his father died of illness, and his family fortunes declined. Lu Xun went from being the eldest grandson of a large family of feudal literati to a descendant of a poor family. A series of major changes that happened to his family made young Lu Xun suffer from the warmth and coldness of the world. He saw "the true face of the world" and realized the decadence and decline of feudal society. Lu Xun's mother Lu Rui, a farmer's daughter, had a noble character and had a great influence on Lu Xun.

In the spring of 1898, Lu Xun left his hometown, full of new hopes in life, and was admitted to the Jiangnan Naval Academy in Nanjing. The next year, because he was dissatisfied with the "smoky atmosphere" of the school, he changed his position to the Mining Railway attached to the Jiangnan Naval Academy. School. He had extensive exposure to Western natural sciences and social sciences, read "Current Affairs", and read "The Theory of Heavenly Evolution". He was deeply influenced by the reform trend of thought and the theory of evolution, and initially formed a society in which "the future will be better than the past, and the young will be better than the old." concept of development.

In 1902, Lu Xun graduated with honors and was sent to study in Japan. He first studied Japanese at Tokyo Kobun Gakuin, and then studied medicine at Sendai Medical College. Deeply influenced by the wave of bourgeois democratic revolution, he actively participated in the anti-Qing revolution. After school, he "went to guild halls, bookstores, rallies, and listened to lectures" and made the oath "I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood." . In 1906, in the face of facts, Lu Xun felt the ignorance of his compatriots at home and realized the importance of changing the national character. He resolutely gave up medicine and followed literature. He took a decisive step in his life and chose literature and art. The pen serves as a combat weapon to save the country and the people. He participated in the preparation of the literary magazine "New Life" and wrote important early papers such as "The History of Man", "History of Science and Education", "Cultural Partialism", and "The Power of Moro Poetry". Lu Xun believed that China’s serious problems lie in people, not in things; in spirit, not in matter; in individuality, not in “people”; to “establish a country”, one must first “establish people”, and the key to “establishing people” is It lies in the awakening of personality and the uplift of spirit.

On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, Lu Xun returned to his motherland. He first taught at the Zhejiang Normal School in Hangzhou as a chemistry and physiology teacher. Supervisor (principal) of Shanhui Junior Normal School. On the one hand, he taught and educated young people, and on the other hand, he actively participated in the Revolution of 1911. He led the literary group "Yue She" in his hometown and supported the establishment of "Yue Duo Daily". In early 1912, Lu Xun was invited by Cai Yuanpei, the Director-General of Education, to serve in the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government. Soon, he moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education and served as the chief of the first section of the Department of Social Education. At the same time, he was employed by Peking University, Beijing Higher Normal School, and He serves as an off-campus part-time lecturer in some higher education institutions such as Beijing Women's Higher Normal School.

After the victory of the Russian October Revolution, Lu Xun was deeply inspired. Together with Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and many other advanced intellectuals at the time, he wrote articles and launched magazines, which opened the prelude to China's May Fourth Movement. He stood at the forefront of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, actively advocated new culture, new ideas, and new morals, and violently attacked the old culture, old ideas, and old morals that had existed for thousands of years. In 1918, he published the first vernacular novel "A Madman's Diary" in the history of modern Chinese literature. Through symbolic artistic techniques, the novel ruthlessly exposed the cannibalistic nature of China's thousands-year-old feudal society and strongly indicted feudal ethics and feudalism. The evils of the patriarchal system. Since then, Lu Xun was "unstoppable" and with a completely uncompromising attitude, he created many novels such as "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", "The True Story of Ah Q" and a large number of essays, essays and comments, thus becoming one of the Five The pioneer of the April 54th Movement and the founder of modern Chinese literature.

In the summer of 1926, Lu Xun left Beijing, where the Beiyang warlords were entrenched, and went south to Xiamen, where he served as professor of the Chinese Literature Department of Xiamen University and concurrently as a professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In early 1927, Lu Xun moved to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and served as the dean of the Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University and concurrently as the dean of academic affairs. While engaged in education and literary creation, he entered new battles. In April of the same year, a counter-revolutionary coup occurred. Lu Xun withstood the bloody test and resigned angrily because he failed to rescue the students. Faced with the lessons of blood, Lu Xun's view of social development formed in his early years underwent profound changes. He severely dissected his own thoughts and corrected his past "bias" of only believing in the theory of evolution. From then on, the development of his thoughts entered a new starting point.

In the mid-1920s, he participated in the founding of "Mang Yuan" weekly, "Yu Si" weekly and the literary society Suomingsha. In early 1927, he went to Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University as the director of the Literature Department and the dean of academic affairs. In August 1927, he went to Xiamen University as a professor.

In October 1927, Lu Xun arrived in Shanghai, where he settled down and concentrated on the revolutionary literary and artistic movement. In 1928, he and Yu Dafu founded the magazine "Benliu". In 193O, the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance was established. He was one of the founders and the main leader. He had successively edited important literary journals such as "Grudge", "Qinshao", "Shiyu Street", and "Translation". He participated in and led many revolutionary societies such as the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Alliance, the China Freedom Movement Alliance, and the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance. He edited many publications such as "Outpost", "Running", "Grudge Monthly", etc., uniting and leading the vast number of revolutionary and progressive literary and art workers to engage in tit-for-tat struggles against imperialism, feudalism, the Kuomintang government and its imperial literati. He persisted in fighting with resilience and wrote hundreds of essays. These essays, like daggers and spears, made special contributions in the counter-cultural "encirclement and suppression" campaign. He has close contacts with the Communists and firmly supports the anti-Japanese national united front policy of the Communist Party of China. He refers to himself as a "fire thief", is committed to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and advocates the emerging woodcut movement. He cares about young people, cultivates young people, and devotes a lot of effort to the growth of young writers.

On October 19, 1936, Lu Xun passed away at his residence in Dalu Xincun, Shanghai, at the age of 55.

Lu Xun wrote a poem "Self-mockery", in which two lines are "A cold brow is pointed at a thousand people, bowing one's head and willing to be a bully", which is a true portrayal of his life.

Lu Xun wrote more than 8 million words of translation in his lifetime. Many of his works such as "The Scream", "Wandering", "Weeds", "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk" and so on have been reprinted and translated into English. , Russian, German, French, Japanese, Esperanto and other languages, and is well-known all over the world. "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" is a precious spiritual wealth he left to the Chinese people and people around the world.

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"Hot Wind" (Collection of Essays), 1925, Beixin

"Wandering" (Collection of Short Stories), 1926, Beixin

"Collection of Huagai" (Collection of Essays), 1926 , Beixin

"The Continuation of the Huagai Collection" (Collection of Essays), 1927, Beixin

"Grave" (Collection of Essays and Essays), 1927, Weiming Society

"Wild Grass" (Collection of Prose Poems) t927. Beixin

"Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Dusk" (Collection of Prose) 1928, Weimingshe

"Ji Ji Ji" (Collection of Essays) 1928, Beixin

"San Xian Ji" (Collection of Essays), 1932, Beixin

"Er Heart Collection" (Collection of Essays), 1932, Hezhong Bookstore

"Selected by Lu Xun "Collection" 1933, Tianma

"Book of Two Places" (Collection of Letters) and Jing Song, 1933, Qingguang Book Company

"Pseudo Free Book" (Collection of Essays) 1933, Qingguang Bookstore

"Selected Works of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Reflections" compiled by Qu Qiubai, 1933, Qingguang Bookstore

"Nan Qiang Bei Diao Collection" (Essay Collection), 1934, Tongwen Book Company

" "Shiling Collection" 1934, Hezhong Bookstore

"Quan Feng Yue Tan" (Collection of Essays) 1934, Xingzhong Bookstore

"Jiwai Collection" compiled by Yang Jiyun, edited by Lu Xun, 1935, Mass Book Company

"Literary Talk Outside the Door" (essay) 1935, Tianma

"New Stories" (collection of novels) 1936, Wensheng

"Lace Literature" (Collection of Essays) 1936, Lianhua Book Company

"Qiejieting Essays" (Collection of Essays) 1936, Sanxian Bookstore

"Night Notes" (Collection of Essays, later compiled into "Essays" The Last Collection of Qiejieting's Essays) 1937, Wen Sheng

"The Second Collection of Qiejieting's Essays" (Collection of Essays) 1937, Sanxian Bookstore

The Last Collection of Qiejieting's Essays ( Collection of essays) 1937, Sanxian Bookstore

"Lu Xun's Letters" (photocopy) compiled by Xu Guangping, 1937, Sanxian Bookstore

"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (1 to 20 volumes, collected works , translated and compiled ancient books) 1938, Lu Xun's Complete Works Publishing House

"Collection and Collection of Supplements" (Comprehensive Collection) 1938, Lu Xun's Complete Works Publishing House

"Outline of the History of Chinese Literature" ( Literary History) 1941, Lu Xun's Complete Works Publishing House

"Lu Xun's Complete Works Supplement" edited by Tang Tao, 1946, Shanghai Publishing Company

"Lu Xun's Letters" edited by Xu Guangping, 1946, Lu Xun's Complete Works Publishing House

"Lu Xun's Diary" (photocopy), 1951, Shanghai Publishing Company; printed version, 1959, humanities

"Lu Xun's Selected Works", 1952, Kaiming

"Lu Xun's Novels" Collection" 1952, Humanities

"Supplement to the Complete Works of Lu Xun" edited by Tang Tao, 1952, Shanghai Publishing Company

"Supplement to Lu Xun's Letters" edited by Wu Yuankan, 1952, Shanghai Publishing Company

"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (Volume 1-10) 1956-1958, Humanities

"Selected Works of Lu Xun."

(Volume 1-2) 1956-1958, Zhongqing

"The Historical Changes of Chinese Novels" (Literary History) 1958, Sanlian

"Selected Works of Lu Xun" (Volume 1 and 2) 1959 , Humanities

"Lu Xun's Letters" (to Japanese friend Masuda Wataru) 1972, People's Daily

"Lu Xun's Poetry Manuscripts" 1976, cultural relics; 1981, Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House< /p>

"Collected Letters of Lu Xun" (volumes one and two, including 1,381 letters other than "Book of Two Places") 1976, humanities

"Collected Letters of Lu Xun" 1976, People's Liberation Army Newspaper Office

"The Complete Works of Lu Xun's Manuscripts" (8 volumes of letters, 6 volumes of diaries), 1978-1980, cultural relics

"To the People of Lu Xun" "Xu Guangping Letters" 1980, Hebei People

"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (Volume 1-16) 1981, Humanities

The Complete Works of Lu Xun Volume 1 (The Scream of the Hot Wind in the Grave)

Volume 2 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun (newly edited story of wandering about in the morning and picking up flowers at dusk)

Volume 3 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun (just a sequel to the Collection of Huagai Collection)

Volume 4 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun (The Collection of Three Idle Things) Collection of Erxinji (Collection of Nanqiang and Northern Diao)

Volume 5 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun (Pseudo-free Shu Zhun Feng Yue Tan Lace Literature)

Volume 6 of the Complete Works of Lu Xun (Collection of Jieting Essays and Two Collections of Jieting Essays) The final edition of Qie Jie Ting's essays)

The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 7 (Collection and Supplements to Collection)

The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 8 (Supplement to Collection and Collection)

Chronology of Lu Xun

One year old in 1881

He was born on the third day of August (September 25 in the Gregorian calendar) in Dongchangfangkou, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. His surname was Zhou Shuren, his courtesy name was Hencai, and his nickname was Zhangshou.

He was six years old in 1886.

In that year, he entered a private school and began to recite "Jianlue" from his great-uncle Mr. Yutian.

When he was five or six years old, everyone in his clan called him "Hu Sheep Tail". It is praised for its small size and flexibility.

At the age of eight in 1888

In November of 1888, my sister Duan was born and died in infancy in October. When she was dying of illness, my husband wept secretly in the corner of the room, and his mother asked about it. Why? I replied: "It's my sister."

On the first day of the year, the elders of my family gathered together to play Pai Gow, and my uncle Yi also joined in. The gentleman was watching silently, and Mr. Congbo Weinong asked, "Who do you want to win?" The gentleman immediately said to him, "I hope everyone wins."

Twelve Years 1892

In the first month of the year, I went to Sanwei Bookstore to read from Mr. Shou Jingwu.

In the private school, he liked to draw and collect pictures in his leisure time, but he was disgusted with the "Old Lai Entertaining His Relatives" and "Guo Ju Burying His Son" in the Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures. His maternal family name is Anqiaotou Lu, and they live together in a family. When he was young, he often went with his mother, his wife, and was in contact with nature in the countryside, which had a great influence. The scenes described in "She Opera" are all about the scenery around Anqiaotou, when he was eleven or twelve years old. Later, the maternal family moved to Huangfuzhuang, Xiaogaobu and other places.

On December 30, my great-grandmother Dai Taijun died at the age of seventy-nine.

1893: Thirteen years old

In March, my grandfather Jiefu Gong Dingyou returned from Beijing.

In the autumn, Jie Fugong was imprisoned for some reason, and his father-in-law Yigong was seriously ill again. The family property was ruined, and he had been in and out of quality shops and pharmacies for many years.

Sixteen years old, 1896

On the sixth day of September, my father Bo Yi died at the age of thirty-seven. After his father died, the family situation became increasingly difficult.

Eighteen years old in 1898

In the leap month of March, he went to Nanjing and was admitted to the Jiangnan Naval Academy.

Nineteen years old in 1899

In the first month of the first month of the year, he transferred to the Road and Mining School attached to Jiangnan Lu Normal University. He did not review his homework, but always ranked first in every exam. In my spare time, I often read new books in translation, especially novels, and sometimes go out to ride horses.

1901: Twenty-one years old

In December, he graduated from the Road and Mine School.

1902: Twenty-two years old

In February, he was sent by the Jiangnan Supervisory Training Office to study in Japan and entered Tokyo Hongbun College.

After school, he likes to read books on philosophy and literature, with particular attention to human nature and?F

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