The four stages of Xin Qiji’s life

1. Adolescence. It ended before crossing south at the age of 23. This was the most energetic period of his life.

In 1161, the gold lord Wan Yanliang invaded the south on a large scale. The 22-year-old Xin Qiji gathered 2,000 people to set up an anti-gold banner. Soon after, he led his troops to return to Geng Jing's uprising army, and urged Geng Jing to return to the Song Dynasty in order to pursue a great cause. In 1162, Xin Qiji was ordered to cross south to contact the rebel army's return to the Song Dynasty. Unexpectedly, the traitor Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and led his troops to invest money. Xin Qiji learned the news on his way back. Xin Qiji led more than 50 cavalrymen to surprise the Jin camp and captured the traitor Zhang Anguo alive. This move "makes a heroic statement, makes cowards rise for it, and makes the Holy Emperor sigh three times at the sight of it." From then on, Xin Qiji defected to the Southern Song Dynasty and served as an official in Jiangyin.

2. The period of young adulthood:

From 1162 to 1181, from the age of 23 to 42, Xin Qiji was a wandering official in his life. During this period, Xin Qiji was ambitious and ambitious. He successively wrote a series of memorials, striving to present the strategy of resisting the Jin Dynasty and prospering the country. But his opinions were not adopted by those in power.

During this period, he went from being sentenced to being the magistrate of the state, from being sentenced to prison to being the pacifier. Although his official career was unpredictable, his political achievements were outstanding. He took office as the magistrate of Chuzhou for only half a year, and the "desolate atmosphere" in the local area was completely wiped out. He served as commander in Hunan and created the "Flying Tiger Army". "The army was established and strong in one area, and it was the best among all the armies on the river." He was indeed a good official with a clear political mind who cared about the country and the people.

3. Middle and later years:

1182 to 1202, from 43 to 63 years old. During this period, in addition to once serving as Minzhong from the age of 53 to 55, he was impeached twice and spent 18 years at home in Jiangxi. This was a period in his life when he was forced to live in seclusion. During his long-term seclusion, he was nostalgic for the countryside, nostalgic for the mountains and rivers, and admired Tao Yuanming. He wrote a large number of pastoral poems and landscape poems, which have a strong local flavor. His patriotic passion is also strongly expressed in some of his songs and speeches.

4. Later years:

From 1203 to 1207, Xin Qiji was 64 to 68 years old. When Xin Qiji was 64 years old, he still did not care about long leisure and family affairs, so he was ordered to take up his post. However, he was dismissed again before anything could be accomplished.

Xin Qiji retired to Qianshan in the autumn of 66 years old. Although he was frequently summoned and even granted the title of Minister of the Ministry of War and important positions in the Privy Council, he was always old and sick and could not fulfill his duties and died. Aged 68.

Xin Qiji left more than 620 lyrics. Regardless of the wealth in quantity or the excellence in quality, they all ranked first in the Song Dynasty. Ci critics say: Those who marry Xuan are outstanding among people and dragons among Ci.

Xin Qiji’s poetry inherited Su Dongpo’s bold style and developed. Later generations called Su and Xin together. In terms of courage, Su is not as good as Xin; in terms of gas, Xin is not as good as Su.

Recovering our homeland and returning our mountains and rivers was the strongest voice of that era, and was fully expressed in Xin Qiji's lyrics.

Because Xin Qiji was forced to live in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, he used rural life and pastoral scenery in his lyrics, which filled his lyrics with a fresh breath of life and a refreshing earthy aroma. This was also the inspiration for Xin Qiji's lyrics. A great feature.

Like other literati, Xin Qiji liked drinking very much and often got drunk. He once made up his mind to quit drinking, but gave up halfway. His drinking lyrics are profound, humorous and full of life style.

Chen Liang, a contemporary of Xin Qiji, also known as Chen Tongfu (1143~1194), was an outstanding thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a man of heroic talent, fond of talking about war, and advocated the war of resistance. Therefore, he was repeatedly persecuted and was falsely accused and imprisoned three times. He and Xin Qiji shared the same goals and had close contacts. When Xin Qiji was staying in Shangrao in the winter of 1188, Chen Liang came to visit Xin Qiji from Dongyang, Zhejiang, and the two fell in love. Xin Qiji wrote a poem "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" to describe their interaction. The words are in order:

Chen Tong's father came to Yu from Dongyang and stayed for ten days. He traveled with him to Ehu Lake and met Zhu Hui'an at Zixi River. After seeing each other tomorrow, I still felt a special love in my mind, and wanted to follow the road again. When I reached the heron forest, I found that the snow was deep and the mud was slippery, making it impossible to go forward. Drinking alone in Fangcun, I felt sad for a long time and hated the fact that I couldn't keep him. In the middle of the night, I stayed at the four watchtowers of Wu's Quan Lake. I felt very sad when I heard the neighbor's flute, so I composed the poem "Breast Swallow Flying" to express my feelings. Five days later, the same father wrote to ask for words, and if he felt the same way, he would be able to smile a thousand miles away.

The poem begins by recalling the situation of saying goodbye over wine in the post office. Xin Qiji admired his friend Chen Liang very much and compared him to the reclusive Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang.

Magpies flew from nowhere in the forest, trampling on the pine tops, and the snow fell on their hats, which aroused the sigh of having gray hair, no way to serve the country, and wasted years. The wilderness in winter is lifeless, with a few sparse plum blossoms dotting the scenery. Two or three wild geese flew across the sky, making it even more desolate. This is also the result of the Southern Song Dynasty's complacency.

In the next film, the story of the farewell is recalled. The beauty refers to Chen Liang, praising him for renewing their appointment to meet again, but also slightly complaining about his eagerness to return. This is the theme of this word, stop there. What makes people melancholy is that due to the cold weather, the water in Qingjiang River is deep and frozen, making it impossible for pedestrians to cross. The snow is deep and muddy, the road is difficult and difficult, and the wheels cannot turn as if they have grown horns. To leave at such a time is to make passers-by lose their souls and rot their bones. Let me ask who made you sad? It's not just parting, but more importantly, the country is in danger and the reality of not being reused by the court. Due to the deep friendship between the author and Chen Liang, this meeting was like spending all the iron in the world to create the love-hate in the world. In the dead of night, the sound of the flute arouses the infinite longing for my friend.

Xin Qiji also has a poem "Broken Array", the preface is: "Compose a heroic poem for Chen Tongfu". It expresses his ambition of dreaming day and night to regain the great rivers and mountains. This word was originally used to encourage Chen Liang.

Looking at the sword while drunk,

I dreamed of blowing the trumpet company.

Eight hundred miles away, the soldiers are burning,

The sound of fifty strings turning over the Great Wall.

The battlefield is full of troops.

The horse is flying fast,

The bow is like a thunderbolt.

Finish the affairs of the king and the world,

Win the reputation before and after death.

Pity happened in vain.

People originally used wine to relieve their sorrows. Once drunk, everything will stop. But the author was drunk, and his worries were not gone, and he was obsessed with regaining the lost ground. He turned on the lamp, admired his sword, and thought about how to put it to use and make it useful. In his sleep, one military camp after another, there was a sound of trumpets. In the 800-mile military camp, the soldiers rejoiced and shared the barbecue given to them by the general. The military instruments played majestic and tragic military music. Just when the autumn is high and the horse is strong, the troops are ordered on the battlefield and ready to go to war.

"Delu" is the sound of hoofbeats made when a horse is running. The cavalry led by the general rushed towards the enemy like lightning, their bows were like thunderbolts, and thousands of arrows were fired. The enemies fell off their horses one after another, and the remaining soldiers fled in panic. The general takes the lead and pursues the victory. The triumphant song reaches the clouds and the joy moves the earth. Not only can he settle the affairs of the king and the world, but also win a reputation for himself during and after his death. This is a feat that a poet dreams of. However, in the government controlled by the capitulationists, the author "wanted to serve his country without having a battlefield," and could only lament the cold reality: pity happened in vain.

In less than two years from 1176 to 1178, Xin Qiji was mobilized frequently, and his official career was in Jiangxi, Hubei and other places known as Chu in ancient times. When he was transferred from Yuzhang, Jiangxi (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), he wrote the poem "Partridge Sky". The preface is: Leaving Yuzhang, farewell to Superintendent Sima Hanzhang.

When Xin Qiji was living in Daihu, Shangrao, Jiangxi, he wrote a poem "The Ugly Girl is Near", with the preface: Boshan Road imitates Li Yi'an's style.

Thousands of peaks and clouds rise,

Sudden rains can last for a moment.

Farther away, the scenery of trees and setting sun,

how to create a picture!

Qingqi sells wine,

There is another family on the other side of the mountain.

As long as the scenery is beautiful,

I will have nothing to do this summer.

When I wake up from my nap,

the pine windows and the bamboo windows.

Thousands of chic.

Wild birds fly over,

It’s normal leisure again.

But blame the white gull,

Looking at people who want to do it but don’t do it.

All those who have returned to the alliance are here,

It’s not the newcomer,

Don’t say anything.

This poem is written clearly as words, fresh and cheerful, very similar to Li Qingzhao's style. Boshan refers to the southwest of Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province. From a distance, it looks like the Xianglu Peak of Mount Lu. The summer rain comes quickly and passes after a while. The setting sun after the rain shines on the dusty green hills and trees, making them look particularly fresh, beautiful and picturesque. Qingqi sells wine, which means that selling wine has become commercialized and there are hotels in remote rural areas; on the other hand, it means that the author went to the hotel to sell wine, which corresponds to the afternoon drunkenness in the next film.

The next part describes the environment around the restaurant. After the author was drunk, he had a good sleep. When he woke up, he saw outside the window surrounded by pines and bamboos, which was very elegant and quiet. Because it is quiet, there are wild birds flying in, which is another scenery. That white gull looks at people and makes them want to get off. What are you afraid of? Don’t we have a friendly alliance?

This poem imitates Li Qingzhao's "using simple and vulgar language to express fresh thoughts."

When Xin Qiji was living leisurely in Daihu, Shangrao, he also wrote a poem "Niannujiao", with the preface: "Fu Yuyan, imitating Zhu Xizhen's body". Yuyan is located near Boshan. Zhu Dunru, courtesy name Xizhen, was born in Luoyang and was a famous poet at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties. "Selected Poems from Huajian" described him as "endowed with far-reaching talent and a fairy-like demeanor". Xin Qiji's poem is not "immortal style" enough, but more about Zhuangzi's Taoism.

Wherever I am recently,

Wherever I have sorrow, I still know my happiness.

A bit of desolation through the ages,

Lonely leaning against the west wind.

Join bamboos to find springs,

Plant trees with clouds,

Be a true leisure guest.

This heart is free,

It should not be a long-term residence in the hills and valleys.

Don’t say that things in the past were not true.

Now it is true.

Let’s consider Qing Zun.

I don’t know who I am when I’m drunk.

It’s neither the moon nor the clouds nor the crane.

The dew is cold on the pine tips,

The wind is high and the cinnamon seeds are high,

I am still awake after being drunk.

Lie high by the north window,

Don’t be frightened by the chirping birds.

Wherever there is sorrow, there is joy. Recently, I have forgotten both sorrow and joy. Independent of the west wind, looking at the sky, there is only a little bit of desolation. Living a life of searching for springs in bamboos and planting trees in the clouds can be called a true idler. Peace of mind does not rely on the cultivation of mountains and rivers.

Don’t talk about what is right now and what was wrong yesterday, just hold up the golden bottle and stop after getting drunk. When you forget yourself when you are drunk, what about the moon? Yunhu? Crane? Everything is specious. When I woke up late at night, I was still lonely. Only the dew waves and pine trees can be seen, and the wind can be heard shaking the osmanthus leaves. Wake up and go to sleep again, don't let the morning bird startle you in your dreams.

When Xin Qiji was leisurely living in Daihu Lake, he wrote a poem about a small village scene called "Partridge Sky", with the inscription: "Wandering in E Lake, reading drunkenly on the wall of a restaurant." According to the "Qianshan County Chronicle", there is Ehu Mountain in the northeast of Qianshan County. There is a lake on the mountain. It was originally called Hehu. Because the Gong family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived in the mountain and raised geese, it was renamed Ehu. The Ehu Lake has beautiful scenery and is a place where the author often visited when he was living.

Shepherd's purse flowers bloom in spring on the plains,

The crows fall away after the rain after new plowing.

The passionate white-haired spring is helpless,

It is easy to get Qinglian wine on credit in the evening.

In a leisurely mood and a careful life,

There are mulberries and hemp on the west bank of the bullpen.

Whose daughter is wearing a green skirt and a black mantle?

Go and see your maternal wife while silkworms are born.

The author describes the scenery and writes about shepherd's purse flowers. Shepherd's purse flower is a kind of wild vegetable. It is ordinary, simple and not afraid of wind and cold. It is the earliest green in spring, the earliest small white flowers bloom, and the young stems are edible. White shepherd's purse flowers are blooming all over the fields. The newly plowed land coincides with the spring rain, and a group of crows fall on the newly plowed land to look for food. A few strokes put the spring scenery in front of the readers. No matter how beautiful the spring scenery is, I can't help but turn gray with worry. I had no choice but to go to a hotel where the wine flag was flying and buy wine on credit to relieve my worries.

The life of the villagers is leisurely and orderly, and mulberry trees and hemp are planted beside the cattle pens. Taking advantage of the free time before the spring silkworms were born, someone's daughter-in-law went to her parents' house wearing a white dress and a blue skirt.

Spring in the countryside is quiet and full of vitality. At this time, the poet was in his forties and had nothing to do. He drank in the hotel to relieve his sorrow, and his head turned gray with sorrow.

Xin Qiji resigned from office and lived in leisure. First he settled in Daihu, Shangrao, and later moved his family to Laoquan, Qianshan. He wrote a poem "Partridge Sky" when he was in Laoquan, Qianshan. The inscription is: "Looking for chrysanthemums, there are none, it's a show."

Cover your nose in the stinking place of the world,

In ancient times, only wine has a fragrant aroma.

Since I came and went by the clouds and smoke, I have been busy singing and dancing until now.

Call my wife, enjoy the autumn light,

Where can the yellow flowers avoid the Double Ninth Festival?

If you want to know the season of rotten rice,

just wait for the west wind and a night of frost.

Xin Qiji was just in his early forties when he was kicked out of the officialdom and lived idle at home. His full ambition to save the country and take revenge could not be realized. Very transparent. To describe the officialdom as "a rotten place in the world that hides one's nose" is not only a vent for the accumulated anger in one's chest, but also the most appropriate and vivid artistic summary. In ancient and modern times, only wine is fragrant and pure. Only when you are drunk can everything stop.

Xin Qiji only returned to his hometown to live leisurely. The place he chose was surrounded by mountains and rivers, with misty clouds and mist, far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, like a paradise. Live a leisurely life, like a god, in the clouds, mist, singing and dancing.

Call my old partner to enjoy the autumn scenery. The old partner here can be understood as an old partner, an old friend, or an old wife.

Appreciating chrysanthemums but not seeing chrysanthemums, how did the chrysanthemums escape the Double Ninth Festival? It's because it's not cold yet, so the chrysanthemums haven't bloomed yet. To know the season of rotten leaves, wait for the west wind and a night of frost. It not only praises the character and spirit of chrysanthemum, but also reflects the character and spirit of the lyricist.

Xin Qiji lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time and observed rural life carefully and experienced it deeply. One of his poems, "Spring in the Jade House", is a rural sung, fresh, lively and humorous.

Whose daughter is there in twos and threes?

Listen to the words of the songbirds on the branches.

I have been carrying the pot and selling wine for a long time.

I have to go early when my mother-in-law's cake is burnt.

I forgot the way I came when I was drunk,

I asked the traveler where he lived.

Only look for the ancient temple,

pass the Chinese tallow tree in the south of the river.

The upper and lower pieces are two pictures that complement each other. The above film is a picture of wandering girls listening to birds. Women in groups of two or three listen to the chirping of birds in the trees. The chirping of the birds is as clever as human speech: "I carry the pot and go out to make wine, and the mother-in-law pancakes are burnt." Tihu and Po Pancake are both named after birds.

The next film is even more interesting. A man is drunk and forgets his way back. Pedestrians are eager to point out where to go. The more serious the guide is, the more drunk the person asking for directions becomes.

Xin Qiji lived idle and often drank to pass the lonely time. Use wine to relieve your worries. After being drunk, you will have no time to worry about. Sometimes I get drunk and look ridiculous. A poem he wrote called "Moon on the West River". Inscription: "Condemnation".

If you are drunk and want to laugh,

You will have no time to worry.

Recently I have begun to realize that ancient people’s books are useless.

There is no point in believing them.

Last night Songbian was drunk,

I asked Songbian how I was drunk?

I just suspected that Songsong was coming to help me,

I pushed Songsong with my hand and said "Go"!

Because the author advocated resistance to the Jin Dynasty, he was not used by the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he had no choice but to get drunk and indulge in pleasure to relieve his sorrow. Mencius once said: "It is better to believe in no books than to have no books."

The next film recalls the scene of the drunken drunkenness last night, mistaking the loose movement for human movement, and the drunken state is vivid.

The whole poem is written around the word drunk, using drunkenness to express sorrow and anger, which is full of fun.

Xin Qiji once made up his mind to quit drinking. He wrote a poem "Qinyuanchun" with the inscription: "I will stop drinking, and I will stop drinking and keep the drinking glass away." It means I'm going to stop drinking, and I'm warning the wine glass not to come near me.

Before you come here,

I am going to inspect my body now.

I have been thirsty for a long time,

My throat is like a burnt cauldron;

I feel like sleeping now,

My breath is like thunder.

You said, "Liu Ling,

a master in ancient and modern times,

why not die and be buried after being drunk."

This is so,

I feel sorry for you as a confidant,

How ungrateful you are!

They even rely on singing and dancing as matchmakers.

It’s just a guess of the dove poison in the world of cooperation.

There is no big or small complaint,

born from what you love;

There is no good or evil in things,

mistakes will lead to disaster.

I have spoken to you:

"Don't stay and retreat immediately,

I can still drink your cup."

The cup was bowed again,

and he said, "He will go as soon as he is commanded, and he will come as soon as he is summoned."

This poem was written by Xin Qiji when he was living leisurely in Laoquan, Qianshan. The author personifies the wine glass and uses the dialogue between the author and the wine glass to illustrate that alcoholism is bad for health, so he is determined to quit drinking. What's funny is that I don't have much determination to quit drinking.

At first, the poet shouted angrily: Bei, don’t come. I checked my body now and found that I have been thirsty all year round, my throat is as dry as a burnt pot, I am always lethargic, and I have thunderous breathing while sleeping, all of which are caused by drinking alcohol. The wine glass replied: "Liu Ling, a drunkard, can be said to be a great master in ancient and modern times. He gets drunk when he has wine. After he is drunk, he might as well die and be buried. The master of the poem said: It is true. We have been close friends for many years. Your statement is too heartless.

The ancients held banquets and usually used singing and dancing as a medium to entertain people. It is said that wine is particularly harmful to people, just like the poison of doves. Moreover, resentment in the world, no matter how big or small, is often caused by greed; there is no beauty or evil in things. If you exceed the limit, you will go to the opposite direction. There is no question of good or bad wine. Drinking too much becomes a harmful and bad thing. In this way, if drinking is harmful, you cannot just blame the wine, but you must also reflect on your own lack of restraint.

The poet made an agreement with the wine glass: "Don't leave in a hurry, otherwise I will be able to smash you to pieces." The cup saluted repeatedly and said: "You wave me and I will go, and you call me and I will come." This was a compromise agreement reached by both parties. The knowing words make people laugh endlessly. After Xin Qiji finished writing this poem about quitting drinking, he drank as much as he saw.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a night for poets to drink and express their emotions. Xin Qiji once wrote two poems of love for Mid-Autumn Festival, one of which is "One Cut of Plum Blossoms".

The inscription is: "Mid-Autumn Festival".

Reminiscent of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

The flowers are in the cup,

The moon is in the cup.

The same person is upstairs tonight.

Clouds wet the screen window,

Rain wet the screen window.

I want to take advantage of the wind and ask about chemical industry.

It is difficult to pass the road,

It is also difficult to pass the letter.

The whole hall was filled with only red candles.

The cup is calm,

The song is calm.

Dangui is a type of osmanthus. The white flowers are silver osmanthus, the yellow flowers are golden osmanthus, and the red flowers are red osmanthus. Recalling the Mid-Autumn Festival in the past, drinking wine and admiring the moon among the osmanthus bushes, the flowers were in the wine glass, and the moon was in the wine glass. This year's Mid-Autumn Festival, because it rained, I could only spend it upstairs with the same wine. There were clouds and rain in front of the window, but there was no moon.

I want to take advantage of the wind to go to heaven to ask questions, but the road to heaven is blocked and there is no way to submit a letter. There was no moon in the painting hall, only red candles illuminated the demon, so I could only calmly raise a glass and drink, and enjoy the singing and dancing calmly.

Another Mid-Autumn Festival poem written by Xin Qiji, "Magnolia Slowly". The preface before the poem is: "Drinking in the Mid-Autumn Festival is about to end, and people say that the predecessors' poems have poems to wait for the moon, but there are no poems to send the moon, because they use the style of "Tianwen"."

Poor tonight,

Where are you going?

It’s a different world.

You can see it over there, the light and shadow are to the east?

It’s the sky, the sky is full of sweat,

But the wind blows brightly to send you the Mid-Autumn Festival?

Who can connect the flying mirror without roots?

Who will keep Chang'e if she doesn't marry?

It is said that there is no reason to go through the bottom of the sea.

Being in a trance makes people sad.

Afraid of thousands of miles of whales,

broken vertically and horizontally,

The Jade Palace and the Qiong Tower.

A shrimp and toad are worthy of bathing in water.

How can a jade rabbit explain the ups and downs?

If everything is in good condition,

Why is it gradually becoming like a hook?

Tonight’s moon is so cute. It floats leisurely and goes west. Where are you going? Is there another human world over there, watching you rise from the east? Or are you out in the sky, the sky is long, and the wind is blowing to see you off? You are like a flying mirror, why don't you fall down? Who would keep Chang'e in the middle of the month if she didn't marry? Some people say that the moon swims across the seabed, but this is also unfounded and makes people unable to understand and makes them worry. If we really go to the bottom of the sea, we are afraid that thousands of miles of whales will swim across the sea and knock down the Jade Palace and the Qiong Tower in the middle of the moon. Besides, the Jade Toad in the middle of the moon can swim, what should the Jade Rabbit do? If everything is fine, why does the full moon turn into a hook shape again?

This word is innovative in the poetry of chanting the moon. Poetry critic Wang Guowei commented that in the first five sentences of this poem, "the poet imagines and directly understands the principle of the moon orbiting the earth, and is closely connected with scientists. It can be said to be spiritual enlightenment" ("Human Cihua").

Mao Zedong liked Xin Qiji's poem "Magnolia Slowly·Poor Today's Moon" very much. In 1964, he talked with Zhou Peiyuan and Yu Guangyuan about the idea of ??a round earth contained in this poem. It can be seen that in addition to his appreciation of the art of this poem, Mao Zedong also highly praised the poet's profound dialectical thinking.