Tombstone Notes of Five People

[Author] Zhang Pu? [Dynasty] Ming Dynasty

The five people were arrested when Duke Zhou of Liaozhou was arrested, and they were provoked by Those who die for righteousness are the same. As of now, the wise men and officials of the county have asked the authorities to remove the eunuchs of Wei and bury him at the site of the abandoned temple. They also set up a stone at the door of his tomb to commemorate what he had done. Woohoo, it’s so prosperous!

The five husbands died and were buried in the present tomb. They were only eleven months old. In the first month of the eleventh month, all the rich and noble sons, the generous and ambitious people, died of illness, died and disappeared, and the insignificant ones were already numerous; how about the unknown ones in the grass? What's the point of being alone among the five people?

I still remember the arrest of Duke Zhou, in March of Bingyin. The members of our society are pioneers in their behavior, they uphold justice for them, collect money to send them off, and their cries shake the heaven and earth. Tiqi stepped forward with his sword in hand and asked: "Who is mourning?" The crowd was overwhelmed and fell to the ground. At that time, the person who used the Dazhong Prime Minister to pacify Wu was Wei's personal Mao Yilu, and he was the envoy to catch him. The people of Wu were heartbroken, so they took advantage of his fierce voice and shouted at him, causing a noise and driving them away. Zhongcheng hid in Shufan to avoid it. Then he summoned the court for the rebellion of the Wu people and executed five people, namely Yan Peiwei, Yang Nianru, Ma Jie, Shen Yang, and Zhou Wenyuan, who are now in the tomb.

However, when the five of them were about to be punished, they were in high spirits. They shouted at Zhongcheng by his name and chatted and laughed to death. The decapitated head was placed on the city, and the color changed a lot. A wise man and an official paid fifty gold pieces to buy the heads of five people and sent a letter to them. Therefore, there are almost five people in the tomb today.

Sigh! During the Great Eunuch Rebellion, how many people in the world can be counted among the gentry who are able to resist changing their ambitions? But the five people were born in the ranks and never heard the instructions of poetry and books. They were passionate about righteousness and ignored death. Is this the same reason? Furthermore, edicts and edicts are coming out one after another, and the gangsters are arresting people all over the world. The soldiers are so angry that they dare not rule again. The road cannot be said to be the work of five people.

From this point of view, if today's high-ranking nobles show up to the throne, once they are guilty or escape, they cannot be tolerated far or near, and there are people who have cut off their hair and pretend to be crazy and don't know where they are, which is humiliating and despicable. Okay, let’s consider the death of five people, how serious it is? Therefore, Liaozhou Duke Zhou's loyalty was exposed to the imperial court, and he was given posthumous titles and praises, which showed his honor after his death; and the five people were also granted earth seals and their names were listed on the embankment. All the people from all over the world worshiped and wept because of their fault. It’s an encounter that lasts for a hundred generations. Otherwise, if the five men are ordered to protect their leader and live under the roof for the rest of their lives, everyone will be able to be subordinated to them. How can they be able to subjugate heroes, choke the tomb passage, and express the sorrow of their lofty ideals? Therefore, I and other gentlemen from the same society mourned the existence of the stone in the tomb, and recorded it to show that death and life are important, and that the importance of an individual is more important than that of the country.

Those who are wise men and officials are the Duke of Wu, the Duke of Taishi Wenqi, and the Duke of Meng and Yao.

Tags: Praise for ancient literature, Guanzhi high school, classical Chinese, classical Chinese emotions, other translations of "Tombstones of Five People"

The five people (in the tomb) were when Mr. Zhou Liaozhou was arrested. He died out of righteous indignation. Now, the county's prestigious scholar-officials are requesting the relevant authorities to clean up the site of the abandoned Wei Zhongxiansheng Temple to bury them; and to erect steles in front of their tombs to commend their deeds. Ah, what a grand and grand event! Appreciation of "Five People's Tombstones"

This article is about erecting monuments and biographies for five ordinary people, and explores such important issues as the value of life and death. The full text takes "righteousness" as the core and successfully uses the three expression methods of narrative, argumentation and lyricism. The author first affirms that the deaths of the five people were "motivated by righteousness" and grasps the word "righteousness" at the beginning. The five people were born for righteousness, fought for righteousness, and finally died for righteousness. This reminds readers of Mencius's famous saying - "Life is what I want; righteousness is also what I want: you cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness." It can be said that this article is a tribute to Mencius. A vivid interpretation of the famous quote.

Wei Zhongxian, the great traitor and eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, committed all kinds of evil and killed many upright people. The Donglin Party members fought resolutely against it. This is a battle between good and evil. The citizens of Suzhou stood unequivocally on the side of the Donglin Party and defended justice with their blood and lives. The five people are outstanding representatives of Suzhou citizens. The author uses pen and ink full of emotion to describe the touching deeds of the five people and praise the noble qualities of civilian heroes.

"However, the five people who were about to be punished were so high-spirited that they shouted at Zhongcheng by name and chatted and laughed to death. Their heads were beheaded and placed on the city, and their colors changed a lot." The righteousness was awe-inspiring, shocking the world, Weeping ghosts and gods! The language is concise, vivid, sonorous and powerful.

In order to highlight the heroic actions of the five people, the author uses contrasting techniques to express them. "In the Great Eunuch Rebellion, how many people in the world can resist the ambitions of the gentry?" When the eunuch party was rampant in the world and became popular, most people adopted the approach of living in peace, and even helped the tyrants to abuse and acted as the aide of the tiger. But the five people were fearless in the face of the eunuchs' attacks and regarded death as if they were going home. It should be said that ordinary people can ignore the eunuchs' perverse actions because they are not in their positions. However, the five people devoted themselves to the struggle against the eunuchs with the great attitude of "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", and died generously without any hesitation. This cannot but be said to be a noble spirit. However, those "gentry" who were in political positions and drank the people's anointment and blood, succumbed to the oppression of the eunuch party and rebelled.

The author asked: "But the five people were born in the ranks and never heard the instructions of the book. They were passionate about righteousness and ignored death. How many Jin gentry were embarrassed by this question? During the "Ten Years of Catastrophe", Lin Biao , the "Gang of Four" are tyrannical, "How many people in the world are the gentry who can not change their aspirations?" ***, an ordinary female cadre, insists on the truth, would rather die than surrender, showing the ironclad character of a *** person . There are also many people who have taken refuge in the "Gang of Four" and betrayed their conscience and personality. The history is so strikingly similar that Zhang Pu believed: "The great eunuchs patrol in fear of righteousness, and it is extremely difficult to make sudden plans. Waiting for the saints to come out and throw themselves into the road, it cannot be said that it takes the power of five people." The author realizes the role of ordinary people, this It is very valuable. Reading this paragraph, readers may think of the sentences written by Mr. Lu Xun in "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen": "I witnessed Chinese women's work starting last year. Although they are in the minority, they are capable and determined, and they are indomitable. The spirit of returning to China has been lamented many times. As for the fact that they rescued each other in the rain of bullets this time, even though they died without mercy, it is even more worthy of the fact that Chinese women have been suppressed for thousands of years by conspiracies and secrets, and finally finally succeeded. There is no clear evidence of death. If you want to find the meaning of the casualties this time for the future, this is the meaning. "Such articles are written with heart, no, with life. How would Zhang Pu feel if he knew that three hundred years later there would be a Lu Xun who wrote generous words with a dagger-like pen?

The fifth paragraph is the most exciting paragraph of this article. This paragraph contains narratives, discussions, and repeated comparisons, sublimating the center of the article to a rational level. The author compares and discusses the humiliating and despicable behavior of "high nobles and nobles" with the five people's honorary conduct, and thus raises the question of "what is the importance of the importance" for readers to think about. Then, the author compares the heroic sacrifice of the five people with the assumption that the five people died of a dead life, thereby revealing the progressive point of view that "it also shows that life and death are important, and the importance of an individual is more important than that of the country." At this point, have readers thought of Sima Qian's famous saying in "Book of Ren'an" - "Everyone is destined to die, and it may be heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than a feather." The death of five people is heavier than Mount Tai, and shines with the sun and the moon. Coexist with mountains and rivers.

The sixth paragraph also uses contrasting techniques, but it is led by "see it from here", which shows that it is not a mechanical parallel relationship with the fifth paragraph, but a deep and layered relationship between one and the other. "Is" is a referent that refers to the fact discussed in the fifth paragraph. Judging from the facts discussed in the fifth paragraph, the social significance of dying in a righteous manner is completely different from living an ignoble existence. The author uses satirical pen and ink to expose all kinds of "humiliating and despicable behaviors" performed by "today's nobles and nobles" in order to save their lives, and raises a question: How do these "degrading and despicable behaviors" compare with the "five people"? Compared with "death", "how light or heavy is it?"? Living an ignoble existence is as light as a feather; dying for justice is more important than Mount Tai. This is naturally the answer the author hopes to get.

After making the above comparison, the author discusses another social effect produced by the death of the "five people" from both positive and negative aspects. From a positive perspective, because the "five people" defeated the evil forces in the chaotic world by "attacking with fury" and "risking their own lives", they "were able to add earth seals to them and list their names on the embankment. All people from all over the world" , There is nothing wrong with worshiping and weeping, this is the only thing that will happen to you in a hundred generations." On the other hand, "if the five men keep their leader under the roof for the rest of their lives, they can all be subordinated to them. How can they be able to subjugate the likes of heroes, strangle the tomb passages, and express the sorrow of their lofty ideals?" It should be said. Point out: This is not only talking about the glory gained after the death of the "five people", but also the positive impact that the death of the "five people" had on the spirit of "people from all over the world" and "heroes" . "People from all over the world" "passed by, paid homage and wept", "heroes and other heroes walked to the tomb and expressed the sorrow of their lofty ideals", didn't they express their lofty feelings of sympathy, admiration and even learning from the "five people"? And the call to action People learn from the "Five People" and continue to fight against the remnants of the eunuch party. This is the purpose of the author writing this article.

This article is titled "Tombstones of Five People", and praising the "Five People" is of course its main content. But society is complex and things are interconnected. It would be difficult to write about the "Five People" in isolation. In this article, Zhang Pu contrasted with the "Five People" and not only criticized the eunuchs, but also exposed and criticized "sons of wealth and nobles, generous and ambitious people", "gentry", "high nobility", etc.; and " "Five people" contrasted with each other, not only praising Zhou Shunchang, but also affirming "the wise man of the county". It is precisely because of this series of contrasts and reflections that the ideological content of praising the "Five People" has been enriched and the artistic power of praising the "Five People" has been strengthened. Related content of "Tombstone Story of Five People"

Creative Background Author: Anonymous This article is about the struggle of Suzhou citizens against the eunuchs in March of the sixth year of the Apocalypse in the late Ming Dynasty (1626). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian took full power and the eunuch party was in power. They recruited party members and excluded dissidents... Introduction to Zhang Pu, the author of "Tombstones of Five People"

Zhang Pu (1602~1641), a writer of the Ming Dynasty. The original name was Gandu, the later name was Tianru, and the name was Ximing. A native of Taicang, Zhili Province (now part of Jiangsu). Chongzhen was a Jinshi, and he was selected as a good scholar. He studied hard since he was a child. There is a good story about his "seven records and seven burns" in the history of the Ming Dynasty. He is as famous as his fellow countryman Zhang Cai and is collectively known as "Lou Dong Er Zhang". Zhang Pu once formed a society with celebrities in the county to comment on current affairs, which was a continuation of the struggle between the Donglin Party and the Eunuch Party. In terms of literature, Zhang Pu admired the theory of the seven scholars, advocated restoration, and called for "doing things for usefulness."

He wrote extensively throughout his life, compiling more than 3,000 volumes, covering various subjects such as literature, history, and classics. He was proficient in poetry, especially prose and current affairs. His representative works include "Tombstone Story of Five People".