Confucius said, "I have (1) five, stand at thirty (2), be puzzled at forty (3), know my destiny at fifty (4), obey at sixty (5), and follow my heart at seventy (6)."
To annotate ...
(1) Yes: same as "you".
(2) Standing: the meaning of standing.
(3) Don't be confused: master knowledge and don't be confused by foreign objects.
(4) Fate: refers to things beyond the control of human resources.
(5) Shun: There are many explanations for this. Generally speaking, even opinions that are unfavorable to you can be treated correctly.
(6) Do what you want from the heart: the meaning of obedience; It's over, it's over; Time, rules.
translate
Confucius said: "I decided to study at the age of fifteen;" Self-reliance at the age of 30; Forty years old can't be confused by foreign things; At the age of fifty, I learned my fate; At the age of 60, I can treat all kinds of remarks correctly without feeling uncomfortable; At the age of seventy, you can do anything you want without breaking the rules. "
Comment and analysis
In this chapter, Confucius tells the story of his learning and cultivation. This process is a process of gradually improving the ideological realm with the growth of age. As far as the ideological realm is concerned, the whole process is divided into three stages: the age of fifteen to forty is the stage of learning and understanding; Fifty or sixty years old is the stage of peace of mind and stability, that is, the stage of being unaffected by the environment; Seventy years old is the stage of integration of subjective consciousness and life rules. At this stage, moral cultivation has reached the highest level. There are reasonable factors in Confucius' moral cultivation. First, he saw that people's moral cultivation can not be completed overnight, nor can it be completed overnight. It takes a long time to study and exercise, and there should be a gradual process. Second, the highest state of morality is the unity of thought, words and deeds, and consciously abide by moral norms, not reluctantly. These two points apply to anyone. 2. Original text
Confucius said: "Gentleman (1) is not heavy (2) is not strong; Learning is not solid (3). Lord's loyalty (4). People without friends are not as good as themselves; Don't be afraid to change (8) after (7). "
To annotate ...
(1) Mr.: This word runs through this paragraph, so there should be a broken sentence here.
(2) weight: solemn and self-sustaining.
(3) Learning is not solid: There are two explanations: one is doing it solidly, which is connected with the above sentence. Without dignity, there is no majesty, and what you have learned is not solid; The second is a solid understanding, that is, people can learn without solid knowledge and experience.
(4) loyalty: loyalty is the mainstay.
(5) Nothing: pass it on, meaning "don't".
(6) Not as good as yourself: generally interpreted as not as good as yourself. Another explanation says: "people who are not as good as themselves are not like themselves." The same is true of the so-called' different ways and no common cause'. " Interpret "such as" as "similar". The latter explanation is more in line with Confucius' original intention.
(7) miss too much, negligence.
(8) fear: sound Dan, fear, fear.
translate
Confucius said, "A gentleman has no dignity without dignity; Learning can make people not blocked; Give priority to faithfulness and don't make friends with people who are different from you; If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to correct it. "
Comment and analysis
In this chapter, Confucius put forward the moral qualities that a gentleman should possess, which mainly include solemnity, earnest study, careful making friends and being able to change after getting by. As a gentleman with ideal personality, he should give people a solemn, generous, dignified and deep image from the outside, which makes people feel stable, reliable and trustworthy. He attaches importance to learning, is not self-enclosed, is good at making friends, and will correct his mistakes. The four principles mentioned above are quite important. As a noble gentleman, the correct attitude is to treat mistakes and mistakes without fear. It can be said that this thought shines with the brilliance of truth and embodies the perfect moral character of Confucius' ideal, which is of great significance for learning and understanding Confucius' thought. 3. Original text
A Confucius said, "Faith (1) means righteousness (2), and words can be answered (3); Ceremony is close to ceremony, far more than (4) shame; Because (5) he has not lost his relatives, he can also live in (6). "
To annotate ...
(1) Approaching: Approaching and conforming.
(2) Righteousness: Righteousness is an ethical category of Confucianism. It means that thoughts and behaviors meet certain standards. This standard is "courtesy".
(3) Complexity: the meaning of practice. Zhu's "Collection of Notes" said: Complex and practical words are also available. "
(4) Far: the sound yuà n, a verb, is used to keep it away, which can also be translated as avoiding.
(5) Cause: dependence, dependence. It is said that writing should focus on marriage, but there seems to be a problem from the context.
(6) Sect: subjective and reliable, generally interpreted as "respect" seems inappropriate.
translate
A son said: "keeping a promise must conform to righteousness, and it can only be implemented if it conforms to righteousness;" Respect should conform to the ceremony, so as to stay away from shame; Relying on reliable people is worthy of respect. "
Comment and analysis
What Confucius' disciple Youzi said in this chapter shows that they attach great importance to "faithfulness" and "courtesy". "Faith" and "ceremony" should be based on the rites of the week. Those who don't conform to the etiquette must never say anything. If you speak, it is not a "loyal" attitude. Never do anything that doesn't conform to the etiquette, and it's not a "respectful" attitude to do it. This is the basic attitude towards people. 4. Original text
Zi Gong said, "Poor but not flattering (1), rich but not arrogant, what is (2)?" Confucius said, "Yes. If you are not poor, you will be happy, and if you are rich, you will be polite. " Zi Gong said, "Poetry" says, "If you are as eager as a measure! If it is like grinding (4)', what is it? Confucius said, "Give ⑤! It's time to talk about Poetry and tell people who used to know it (6). "
To annotate ...
(1) Flattery: ch?n, which means flattery.
(2) He Ru: "He Ru" in The Analects of Confucius can be translated as "How".
(3) Poverty and Happiness: There is a book called Poverty and Happiness.
(4) If it is incisive, if it is polished, if it is polished: See the Book of Songs Feng Wei Qi Ao for these two sentences. There are two explanations: first, learning and pondering refer to the processing of four different materials: bone, ivory, jade and stone, otherwise it will not be finished; When it comes to the processing of ivory and bones, jade should be cut before processing, and then polished after cutting, which means improvement.
(5) Give: the name of Zi Gong, Confucius called students.
(6) tell people who know the past: all are the same; Go, a thing of the past; Come on, future.
translate
Zi Gong said, "How about being poor without flattery and being rich without arrogance?" Confucius said, "This is true. But it is not as good as people who are poor but willing to do things, rich and polite. " Zi Gong said: "The poem says,' Learn from it like bones, horns, ivory and jade' and ponder it. Is that what you mean? " Confucius said, "Give it to me. You can understand what I didn't say from what I said. By analogy, I can talk to you about poetry. "
Comment and analysis
Confucius hopes that his disciples and all people can achieve the ideal state of happiness if they are poor, and courtesy if they are rich, so he teaches students this idea in his usual education of his disciples. Poverty leads to happiness, and wealth leads to courtesy. No matter rich or poor, they can keep their position and maintain social stability. Confucius was very satisfied with Zigong. In this dialogue, we can see that Zi Gong was praised by Confucius for his independent thinking and inferences. This is a remarkable feature of Confucius' educational thought. 5. Original text
Confucius said, "I don't suffer from (1) people's (2) unknowns, and I don't know anyone."
To annotate ...
(1) Suffering from: anxiety and fear.
(2) People: refers to educated and knowledgeable people, not the people.
translate
Confucius said, "I'm not afraid that others don't understand me, but I'm afraid that I don't understand others."
Comment and analysis
This passage is the way of life taught by Confucius to students. Some readers say that this is Confucius' thought of being poor and happy, and not seeking fame and status. This explanation may not be appropriate. This is not consistent with Confucius' consistent proposition. In Confucius' concept, "learning to be excellent is to be an official, which is a positive attitude towards joining the WTO." The subtext here is: in the process of understanding others, let others know themselves. 6. Original text
Confucius said, "People without faith don't know what they can do. The cart has no track (1) and the cart has no track (2). What can it do? "
To annotate ...
(1): sound ní, wooden pin on the front crossbar of ancient big axle. A cart refers to an ox cart.
(2) Also: Yu è, the wooden pin on the front crossbar of the ancient car axle. Without bicycles and bicycles, cars can't go.
translate
Confucius said: "It is absolutely impossible for a person to break his word. Just like a big car without a butt and a small car without a butt. What does it walk on? " Comment and analysis
Honesty is one of the traditional Confucian ethical principles. Confucius believes that faith is the basic point for people to stand on the world. In the Analects of Confucius, faith has two meanings: one is to believe, that is, to gain the trust of others, and the other is to keep faith with others. In later chapters, such as Zhang Zi, Yang Huo and Luz, the morality of letters is mentioned. 7. Original text
Confucius said, "Being rich and expensive is what people want. There is no way to get it, so there is no place." Poverty and meanness are human evils. If you don't get them their way, you won't go. Isn't it good to be famous if a gentleman goes to benevolence? If a gentleman has no final food, he will violate benevolence and will do it again. "
translate
Confucius said: "everyone wants to be rich and famous, but if you don't get it in a proper way, you won't enjoy it;" Poverty and meanness are disgusting to everyone, but we won't get rid of them without proper methods. If a gentleman leaves benevolence, how can he be called a gentleman? A gentleman doesn't have a meal time to deviate from benevolence. Even in the most urgent moment, he will act according to benevolence, and even if he is displaced, he will certainly act according to benevolence. "
Comment and analysis
This passage reflects Confucius' view of reason and desire. In the past study of Confucius, this paragraph was often ignored. It seems that Confucius advocates that people should only be benevolent and not greedy. Actually, it's not. No one wants to live a life of poverty, hardship and displacement, and everyone wants to be rich and comfortable. But this must be obtained through proper means and channels. Otherwise, I would rather be poor than enjoy wealth. This idea still has its value that cannot be underestimated today. This chapter deserves careful scrutiny by researchers. 8. Original text
Confucius said: "There is no place to suffer, but to stand because of suffering; I don't know what I know, but I want to know. "
translate
Confucius said, "I'm not afraid of not having an official position, but I'm afraid I haven't learned anything that holds water." I'm not afraid that no one knows me, but I just want to be a person with real talent and learning who deserves to be known. "
Comment and analysis
This is a question that Confucius often tells himself and his students, and it is his basic attitude towards the world. Confucius didn't want to become famous and have a family, nor did he want to occupy an important position. Instead, I hope that my students should first base themselves on their own knowledge, cultivation and personnel training, and have all kinds of qualities that are competent for official positions. This idea is desirable. 9. Original text
Confucius said, "If your parents are here, you must swim well if you don't travel far (1)."
To annotate ...
(1) Tourism: refers to travel activities such as study tour, official business and business trip.
(2) party: somewhere.
translate
Confucius said, "My parents are alive and not far from home; If you have to go far away, you have to have a certain place. "
Comment and analysis
"Parents are here and don't travel far" is one of the specific contents of the word "filial piety" in Confucian morality in the pre-Qin period. This principle of filial piety has been used throughout the ages to restrain and require children to be filial to their parents. This principle of filial piety has lost its meaning today. 10.original
Confucius said, "an upright man is open and poised (1), a villain is worried about his country and people. (2)."
To annotate ...
(1) magnanimous: broad-minded, open and inclusive.
(2) long worry: often sad and troubled.
translate
Confucius said, "A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is always sad."
Comment and analysis
The sentence is magnanimous, a petty man is anxious and worried.. "is a famous saying since ancient times. Many people often write this as a banner and hang it in their rooms to motivate themselves. Confucius believes that as a gentleman, you should have a broad mind, tolerate others, tolerate all kinds of events, regardless of personal gains and losses. It is impossible to be a gentleman if you are narrow-minded, embarrassed by others, embarrassed by yourself, and often embarrassed. 1 1. The original Mencius said: "There is a reputation for security, and there is a ruin." (Li Lou I) Mencius said, "There are unexpected praises and excessively harsh slanders." 12. The original Mencius said: "People are easy to say, and they have no responsibility." (Li Lou I) 13. The original Mencius said: "People's troubles are also good teachers." Mencius said: "A person's bad habit is that he is too complacent and always likes to be someone else's teacher." 14. The original Mencius said: "Zhong Ni is not a serious person." (Li Lou) Mencius said, "Confucius is a man who can't do things that are too hot." 15. The original Mencius said: "If the calligraphy is unclean, everyone will cover his nose; Although there are wicked people, if you bathe in fasting, you can worship God. " (Li Lou) Mencius said, "If Xi gets dirty, others will cover their noses when they pass by her;" Although he is ugly, if he takes a bath in Zhairong, he can also offer sacrifices to God. "Attachment: Notes on the Analects of Confucius-/kongzi.aspx Translation of Mencius' Famous Sentences-/shlgxh/blog/item/920f48ccdb9de35f8dc61de.html.