Ma Ruifang called him "the king of short stories in the world". In addition to middle age, he also worked as a curtain in Baoying and a teacher in his hometown until his death. Poor family, contact with the bottom people's lives. Can write poetry, good at writing folk songs.
Pu Songling (1640-1765438+February 25th, 2005), whose real name is Liu Xian, whose real name is Chen Jian, whose alias is Liu Quan Jushi, who was known as Mr. Liaozhai in the world, called himself Yi Shi. Now he is from Pujiazhuang, hongshan town, Zichuan District, Zibo.
Pu Songling was born in a declining family of small and medium-sized landlords and businessmen. /kloc-when he was 0/9 years old, he got the boy's exam and won the first place in county, government and road, which made him famous for a while. Make up a doctoral disciple. I tried again and again until 7 1
Forced by life, he not only worked as a guest for villagers in Baoying County for several years, but also worked as a teacher in Bijia, Xipu Village of this county for several years, where he worked as a scholar for nearly 42 years, and did not return to China until the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709). He completed 8 volumes of 49 1 Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in his life, with about 400,000 words.
The content is rich and colorful, and the stories are mostly taken from folklore and anecdotes of unofficial history, personifying and socializing things in the world of flowers, foxes and ghosts, fully expressing the author's love, hate and good ideals. It is considered as the most successful collection of China ancient classical Chinese short stories. Guo Moruo once commented: "Writing ghosts and writing demons is superior, and stabbing greed and stabbing abuse is three points."
In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (17 15), he died at the age of 76. In addition to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Pu Songling has a large number of poems, plays, folk songs and works in agriculture and medicine, totaling nearly 2 million words.
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The Creative Background of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
When Pu Songling was five years old, the Qing Dynasty just entered the customs and suppressed the peasant uprisings in Yangzhou and Shandong, which also produced many strange things, all of which affected Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Pu Songling probably started writing Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio when he was a private school teacher after separation.
Zhang, his good friend, found that Pu Songling's writing of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio influenced the examinee, so he wrote a poem to persuade him: "Don't talk empty talk in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio", stop writing novels and concentrate on the exam. But Pu Songling didn't listen, but wrote. No matter what anecdotes a friend hears, he should learn about them and write them in his own works.
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a widely circulated story. It is said that in order to write Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Pu Songling set up a tea stall next to his hometown Liu Quan and invited passers-by to tell anecdotes. After the story is finished, it becomes Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. "Three Borrowing Lu Bi Tan" is described as follows:
Mr. Pu's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is concise with a pen, with no trace of implication. The cover was born in hundred schools of thought, not only against Zuo's family, but also against Longmen. According to legend, Mr. Wang lives in the village, has no spouse, and has a particularly eccentric personality. He is a boy scout in the village, poor and self-sufficient, and does not want others. When writing this book, every morning, I took a big magnetic poppy, stored bitter tea in it, put it on the sidewalk, lined with Chen Lu, and sat on the table with cigarettes and tea beside me.
When you meet passers-by, you must insist on using words, seek novelty and difference, say different words, and you will know others; If you are thirsty, you can drink tea or offer a cigarette, which will make you speak freely. Whitewash what you hear. If it had been more than 20 years of cold and summer, the book would have been published. So brushwork is extinct. Wang Ru Anting heard his name and made a special trip to visit, but he avoided it. Three visits are natural. The gentleman tasted: "Although this man is elegant, he still smells like your family, and Fu Tian is not used to it."
What is certain is that no matter what people say or what strange things he hears, Pu Songling is collecting and writing novels. He also has a way to obtain materials, that is, to find materials in ancient books. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio contains about one hundred novels, all of which are adapted from predecessors' works. The works of predecessors are sometimes easy to remember.
For example, the novels of the Six Dynasties and the legends of the Tang Dynasty recorded three short stories called Paper Moon, Taking Moon and Leaving Moon.
Paper moon means that one person can cut a paper moon for lighting, and another person can put the moon in his arms. When there is no moon, the third man stays for the moon, puts the moonlight in his basket and takes it out when it is dark. It's all very simple, a hundred words, dozens of words. Pu Songling used it to write "Laoshan Taoist". This is a familiar serial story.
Pu Songling's wife Liu is very virtuous. When Pu Songling went out to be a tutor, his wife supported the elderly at home, raised a young child and lived in a desolate farmhouse. At night, the wolf may run into the yard, and she will spin all night. She always keeps anything delicious for Pu Songling, and sometimes it goes bad after a long time.
Such a good wife is a dross wife of daily necessities. So some experts who studied Pu Songling found a clue that Pu Songling had a second wife. What is the basis? In Pu Songling's anthology, there is an inscription about the portrait of Chen Shuqing. The article says: The author of the article and Chen Shuqing are free to fall in love, but their parents don't agree. Finally, the two eloped, and then it was tragic.
But it was quickly verified by experts that Chen Shuqing was an article written by Pu Songling to a man named Wang in the Wangjiaguan of Quanfeng Township in Zichuan after his return from the south, so that Pu Songling's so-called second wife no longer existed.
Freud, a western theorist, said: "Dreams are the realization of wishes". In Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, the beauty transformed from the charm of the fox is Pu Songling's daydream. His dream is to express the wishful fantasy of men and the fantasy of poor scholars. Hugo, the author of Les Miserables and a famous French writer, once said, "Imagination is a great diver".
A writer and novelist can write fascinating works, which not only has a certain life foundation, but also has his imagination. Although Pu Songling was so poor and frustrated, he also wrote something related to his life, but he was particularly good at imagination. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a concentrated expression of a writer's imagination and artistic talent.
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has a high artistic achievement. It has successfully created many artistic models, with vivid characters, bizarre and tortuous story, rigorous and ingenious structural layout, concise writing and delicate description, which can be called the pinnacle of China's classical short stories. Collect more than 500 articles about ghosts.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio