The so-called speech language is the language used by the speaker when giving a speech. As a comprehensive and advanced form of language expression, speech has certain requirements for the communicative use of language. Especially the speeches of our leading cadres have even stricter language requirements. Below are the requirements and techniques for speech language that I have collected for you. Welcome to refer to them.

1. Be truthful and accurate and do not tell lies.

Truth and accuracy are the most fundamental requirements of Marxist writing style and the principle that our leading cadres should first follow in their speeches. It requires the speaker to deliver a speech with a realistic attitude, truly reflect the objective actual situation, and accurately choose words and sentences to accurately express the ideological content. To this end, we should do the following:

First, the facts must be true and reliable. The facts we use in our speeches must be objectively existing facts. One should be one, and two should be two. We must not fictionalize, fabricate, make something out of nothing, deliberately exaggerate or shrink, add details, or change the appearance in order to meet certain needs. None of this is possible. For example, in the propaganda of martyr Zhang Zhixin, it can be said that there is something untrue. Many reports have written about such an incident, saying that when Zhang Zhixin was a child, he and his two sisters formed a "trio" small band. They often performed in activities organized by some progressive groups. Once, an agency of the Kuomintang celebrated Chiang Kai-shek's birthday and asked them to perform. How did they treat it? There are three different ways of writing about this matter. One magazine said that Zhang Zhixin was unwilling to go, and his father thought it was impossible not to go. At that time, he told his children that the piano was in our hands. Should we wish him a birthday or a funeral? Zhang Zhixin understood and said, yes, a funeral. ?This is a way of saying it. So, what did it say in a newspaper? The newspaper said that his father and 17-year-old Zhixin had thought about it for a long time, and finally agreed on a countermeasure of singing openly and secretly, and carefully arranged a set? The devil's dance song is over. song. Another newspaper said that this matter stumped Zhixin's father. The clever little Zhixin came up with an extremely clever countermeasure, playing a tragic song from Western music, chanting openly and secretly, and his father clapped his hands. Call it wonderful. One of these three different publicity reports said that the idea came from Zhang Zhixin, one said that the idea came from her father, and one said that the idea came from the father and son. So, what two of them said must be "facts" that are not true. Therefore, when we give a speech, the facts we quote must be true and reliable. This is the first point of being truthful and accurate and not telling lies.

Second, the wording must be correct and appropriate. A word alone does not matter whether it is correct or incorrect, appropriate or inappropriate. But if this word is used in a sentence and has a structural relationship with other words, there will be questions about whether it is correct or appropriate. For example, one night in the early summer of 1942, a theater in Chongqing was performing Guo Moruo's new five-act historical drama "Qu Yuan". After the performance, both the author Guo Moruo and the actor Zhang Ruifang, who played Chan Juan, felt that in the first scene of the fifth act, Chan Juan reprimanded Song Dynasty. Jade's words were not strong enough. What's going on with that sentence? It says: Song Yu, I hate you very much. You have failed your husband's education. You are a spineless scholar. ?Guo Moruo said that this line always sounded tasteless to the audience. It seemed that the words "shameless" could be added below the "spineless". At this time, the actor Zhang Yisheng was putting on makeup next to him, so he interrupted and said: "I see, why not change "you are" to "you", and call you a spineless scholar, that would be tasteful enough." ?Guo Moruo listened and agreed very much. So, this line was changed to "Song Yu, I hate you very much." You have failed your husband's education, you spineless scholar. ?The judgment words here are? and demonstrative pronouns? If they exist alone, it does not matter whether it is appropriate or inappropriate. However, when they are combined with other words, there is an issue of appropriateness or inappropriateness.

"You are a spineless literati", although it also constitutes a judgment, but the emotional color is not strong, and changing "yes" to "this" and becoming "you are a spineless literati" not only constitutes a complete The affirmative judgment also forms a strong emotional color, containing resentful feelings such as "You are really not a thing, you are really a beast". Obviously here, "has" is much more appropriate than "is".

It can be seen that when we write a speech, we must pay attention to carefully selecting the most appropriate words to correctly reflect objective things and express our ideas appropriately. This requires us to truly understand the exact meaning of each word and carefully distinguish the meaning of the word. In particular, we must distinguish some synonyms and their subtle differences in the scope of use, the importance of the meaning, the style and characteristics of the word, etc. In addition, It is necessary to distinguish the praise and blame of words and so on.

Third, the quotation must be accurate. The policies, laws, famous sayings, aphorisms, etc. we quote in our speeches must be accurate and cannot be taken out of context to suit our own needs. The theories, lines, principles, policies, etc. promoted, clarified or based on in the speech must also be clear and precise, and cannot be vague, let alone tampered with, taken out of context, or used indiscriminately. This is the first point of the basic requirements for speech language.

2. Be concise and to the point without talking nonsense

As leading cadres, one of the characteristics of our speeches is their strong practicality. Some of the speeches also require their departments to implement them. This requires leading cadres to be concise, concise and to the point, without talking nonsense, so that they can be implemented easily. No one wants to listen to a long-winded speech. I remember that there was an incident where a leader in a certain place was very verbose. Once, he gave a speech non-stop for a long time. After the speech, an audience member gave him a couplet, which is an ancient poem. The ancient poem is It is written like this: "Two orioles sing at the green willows, and a row of egrets ascends to the blue sky." ?The leader was very happy after seeing it. When he got home, he showed off to his wife and said to his wife: ?You always say that I can’t speak. You see, the audience is very willing to listen to me. They even used The poems of famous poets of the Tang Dynasty were used to evaluate my speech. ?His wife took the couplet and laughed after reading it. At that time, the leader was puzzled by the wife's laughter, so he quickly asked, "Why are you laughing? What's so funny? You should be happy for me. Are you smiling happily?" The wife told him, "I'm laughing like this." The couplet was meant to mock you, he said: "Why are you mocking me?" Later, his wife told him that the first sentence was "Two orioles singing in the green willows", which was an allusion to the incomprehensible meaning of your speech. The latter sentence ?A row of egrets rising into the blue sky? means that your speech is getting farther and farther. It can be seen that when our leading cadres give speeches, we must avoid the problem of not knowing what is said.

How to avoid this? I think we should do the following:

(1) Use your brain more when giving a speech. Generally speaking, the reason why we talk nonsense in speeches is because we don't use our brains when giving speeches. For example, there was an incident where a township head once introduced the experience of raising ducks in his township. He had this paragraph in his speech: This year our township plans to raise two kinds of ducks, vegetable ducks and egg-laying ducks. What about vegetable ducks? It is a large and meaty duck that can be grown and marketed in two to three months. The other type of laying duck is all female ducks and mainly lays eggs. ?Obviously the township head did not use his brain during his speech and unconsciously said nonsense. If he could think about it carefully, he would not have said this, because the egg duck is of course a female duck, not a male duck , as for laying eggs, it’s even more nonsense. It seems that if the speech is to be concise and free of nonsense, the speaker should use more brains and carefully refine the words and sentences, so as to reduce the nonsense. This is the first point, the first point to be concise and to the point without talking nonsense.

(2) Some speakers do not believe in the understanding of the audience and think that the audience will not understand it if they do not repeat it. Therefore, they talk endlessly and end up talking nonsense.

(3) Learn to speak short sentences. Some people just like to talk long stories, and they don't have enough money to make up for it.

If your speech is mixed with too much water, it will naturally be nonsense. As a result, you won't even be able to catch a few grains of rice. Therefore, if we want to make our speech concise and to the point without any nonsense, we must squeeze out the water. We should learn from farmers, because when farmers store grain, they always dry the grain in the sun first and then put the grain into the warehouse. They didn't take in all the mud and water, because they knew that if they did, the food would all rot.

(4) Be able to mean what you mean and what you say. Another reason to talk nonsense is to stop talking. The reason for this situation is not only to make up the word count in order to prolong the speech, but also to say some polite words to cater to certain needs, or to express some unnecessary humility. In fact, some polite words are superfluous, so we should learn from Zu Yong of the Tang Dynasty. He would rather ruin his career than superfluous. When selecting Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty, they selected scholars based on poetry. This kind of examination was very strict. Only the official rhyme was used. The rule was five characters and six rhymes, that is, each sentence has five characters, and two sentences rhyme.* **Twelve sentences, then at least four rhymes must be written, that is, eight sentences. According to records in the Chronicles of Tang Poetry, one year, the examiner came up with a poem title, which was: Watching the Yuxue in the South, and the candidates racked their brains to compose a poem in one rhyme. One of the candidates, named Zu Yong, broke the rules of the Tang Dynasty and wrote only four lines of poetry. These four lines were written like this: Zhongnan looks at the remaining snow, and the snow is floating in the clouds. The forest shows its bright color, and the city becomes colder at dusk. After handing it in, the examiner said, "The poem you wrote does not meet the regulations," and asked why you didn't write it according to the regulations. If you don't write according to the regulations, you will definitely be out of luck as a Jinshi. But Zu Yong said, I have run out of ideas. He refused to add another word to what he said. As for whether you can become an official, we don't consider it. I think a very important reason why Zu Yong's poems can be passed down to this day is that they can express what they mean without adding any extraneous details. On the contrary, if he adds superfluous information, although he may have a smooth career, his poems will not be passed down through the ages.

3. Be clear and vivid without using clichés

Rhetorics are opposite to being clear and vivid. How can we make our speeches clear and vivid without clichés? To avoid this problem, Please pay attention to the following points.

First, we must have the courage to express our views. In a conversation with the editors of Jinsui Daily, Mao Zedong said that we Communists have always considered it shameful to conceal our views. We should remember Mao Zedong’s words. When giving a speech, you should make your own opinions clear like chess pieces. What you agree with, what you oppose, what you praise, and what you criticize should be very clear, without any vagueness or ambiguity. This is the first point of being clear and vivid without making clichés.

Second, the content must be innovative and the language must be vivid. The first point I just mentioned is about the vividness of the speech, but it is not enough for the speech to be accurate and vivid. To attract the audience, it also needs to be vivid. To make a speech vivid, it must not only have vivid, touching and innovative ideological content, but also have vivid and touching language forms. If both can be combined, very good results can be achieved. Otherwise, it won't work.

Let’s take a look at how Ma Xiangbo, known as China’s greatest orator, uses figurative language in his speeches. Once, at a mass meeting during the Anti-Japanese War, he gave a propaganda speech and shouted loudly: Everyone, wake up. There is gunpowder next to the pillow. Can we still sleep? There is a thief in the house, can we still sleep? Ma Xiangbo used vivid language to shock the hearts of the audience. We can imagine that if there is gunpowder next to the pillow and there is a thief in the house, who can sleep? It goes without saying that the Japanese imperialism that invaded China put gunpowder next to the pillows of the Chinese people and entered the houses of the Chinese people. In this situation, the only way out for the Chinese people is to rise up and resist. This is the second point.

Third, it is easy to understand and does not use harsh words. Astringent words are obscure words.

Some people seem to be afraid that others will understand them and not be able to show off their talents. Therefore, they prefer to use difficult and difficult words in their speeches. They do not know that this approach does not meet the basic requirements of Marxist writing style. Lenin said: The highest degree of Marxism is the greatest possible ease of understanding. ?Comrade Mao Zedong also pointed out in his speech at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee that any documents that cannot be understood are not allowed to be taken out and must be pushed back.

Writing articles must be popular. How can it be popular? I think the following points should be achieved:

(1) Use sentences with simple and short structures. The longer and more complex the sentence, the harder it is to understand; the shorter and simpler the sentence, the easier it is to understand. Therefore, when we give a speech, we should try to use sentences with simple and short structures. This is the first point.

(2) Use more basic vocabulary. The more new words and professional terms there are, the more difficult it is to understand; the fewer there are, the better it is to understand. Therefore, when we give a speech, we must remember not to use obscure and unfamiliar words, and use less professional terms and more basic vocabulary.

(3) Our speeches are for others to listen to, and we should also consider the communicative effect. We should make it convenient for others, use more common words and commonly used words, and use as little or no uncommon and astringent words as possible. . Speaking of this, I remembered the story of the famous actor Ma Rui changing her name. Ma Rui's name is not easy to pronounce. This Rui is just a cursor with an inner character "Rui" at the beginning. People who know Rui often call her by the wrong name, and even make a joke. One day, Ma Rui went to the hospital to see a doctor. Because there were many people registered for treatment, Ma Rui sat on a stool at the end of the corridor. After a while, she heard the doctor at the door calling "No. 23, Mane". Ma Rui thought to herself, The number was mine, but the name was not mine, so he didn't move. The doctor called "No. 23, Ma Bing" again, but he didn't move. This time the name was changed, the number was mine, and he didn't move. He heard the doctor calling "No. 23, Ma Miao" again. Ma Rui thought about it, why were he called so many names, sometimes Ma Bing, sometimes Ma Miao, all with the surname Ma, but he didn't move. After a while, I heard the doctor calling again, "No. 23, Mana", "No. 23, horse meat". After hearing this, Ma Rui felt that the screaming was getting more and more outrageous. Who was it? Was it the wrong number? So, he went to the doctor and asked. Sure enough, the doctor didn't recognize the word Rui and called him by the wrong name. Because the doctor had never seen the word "Rui" before, he had to call it randomly. Then this was not the only trouble that Ma Rui encountered, so he decided to change his name. I think Ma Rui is very wise, because the word Rui is a bit too uncommon. It is certainly wrong for a doctor to pronounce other words, but his profession is to treat people. It is impossible for him to keep a dictionary next to him just to look up people's names. The same goes for speeches.

(4) The tone, intonation, and expression must be humane. The humane tone, intonation and expression can shorten the psychological distance between the speaker and the audience, easily create resonance between each other, and make it easier for the audience to understand the ideological content expressed by the speaker. Therefore, when giving a speech, the speaker should use friendly, gentle, and humane language and tone to conduct his speech. Of course, some cases that require impassioned speeches are a different matter.

From the perspective of oral expression, the language of the speech must be correct, clear, and beautiful in pronunciation, fluent, accurate, and easy to understand the words and sentences, and the intonation is appropriate, natural, and emotional.

(1) Correct, clear, and beautiful pronunciation

For a country that uses sound as the main material means, the requirements for pronunciation are very high. It must be able to accurately express rich and colorful thoughts and feelings, It should also be pleasing to the ear and refreshing to the heart, and appreciate this beauty. To this end, speakers must study their voice carefully and strive to make their voice the best it can be.

Generally speaking, the best language is:

(1) Accurate and clear, that is, articulation is correct and clear, the tone is appropriate, and the rhythm is natural;

(2) Clear and mellow, that is, the sound is loud and clear, sonorous and powerful, and pleasant to the ear;

(3) Full of variety, that is, it distinguishes priorities and changes with changes in emotions;

(4) Yes Conveyance and penetration, that is, the sound has a certain loudness and strength, so that the audience can hear it clearly and understand it clearly.

Common speech problems include trembling, erratic and erratic voices; shouting at too high a volume; vague syllables with obvious breath sounds; high and low pitches and loss of pitch; harsh recitation accents. Dull wait. All of these will affect the audience's understanding of the speech content.

To achieve the best language effect, generally speaking, the following points must be achieved:

1. The words are correct and the tone is correct

The correct words are the speech. The basic requirements of language are to read the pronunciation of characters accurately, to pronounce them loudly, and to send sounds powerfully. The pronunciation must conform to the standards of Mandarin initial consonants, finals, tones, syllables, and sound changes, and local pronunciation and mispronunciation must be strictly avoided. For example, say "shoes" as "child", say "dry" as "dry solid", etc. Mispronunciation and mispronunciation of words directly affect the audience's understanding of a word, a sentence, or even the entire content; on the other hand, they also directly affect the speaker's reputation and prestige, reducing the audience's trust in the speaker.

The voice is round, clear, sweet, and full of musical beauty. Pronounce it loudly. When speaking, when pronouncing syllables with the same teeth (the finals starting with i and i) and the syllables with the shortest breath (the vowels starting with ? or ?), due to the small opening and closing of the mouth, the vocal cavity is not loud, and the sound is not pronounced. Try to switch to open-mouth syllables (a or vowels starting with a) and closed-mouth syllables (o or vowels starting with o) when preparing your manuscript. For example, change ? to ? to ? to ?, and ? and ? to ?和?.

2. Distinguish word boundaries

Words are divided into monosyllabic and multi-syllable. Monosyllabic words will not be separated and read, but polysyllabic words may be separated and cause ambiguity. For example: Feng Jicai, who is one meter tall and nine heads tall, stands in an empty valley. The original meaning of "one meter and nine heads" in this sentence is "the height of one meter and nine". When pronounced, it should be "one meter and nine heads". If the word boundaries are not properly divided, it can easily become "one meter - nine". "Tou", split the word "Tou" (body) into two words: "Ge" (quantifier) ??and "Tou" (noun), thus causing ambiguity. If a speaker makes this mistake, it will make people laugh.

3. Pay attention to phonological matching

Chinese pays attention to tone. Tone can produce rapid and slow changes, which is rich in musical beauty. A good speech is smooth and well-proportioned, with ups and downs, making it pleasant to the ears.

(1) Disyllabicization. Some monosyllabic words in Chinese express complex and profound meanings. If they can be changed into two syllables, they will be clearer and more popular. The two-syllable syllables are loud and clear, with fluctuations, and are easy to express the musical beauty of the language.

(2) Pay attention to rhyme. If the rhyme is intentional in appropriate places, it can produce a kind of looping beauty and harmonious beauty of the sound, which makes it catchy and pleasant to the ears, and seems to have the charm of prose poetry.

(3) Alternate between flat and oblique. Chinese characters have different tones, rising and falling, ups and downs. As flat-tone characters, the yin-ping and yang-ping do not change much, are relatively stable, and are easy to hear clearly; the oblique-tone characters have large changes in the upper and lower tones, making the sound short and strong. The two must cooperate with each other to make the syllables fluctuate. In addition, the appropriate use of onomatopoeia and overtones for rendering and contrast can also achieve the effect of both sound and emotion.

(2) The words and sentences are fluent, accurate and easy to understand

The audience mainly relies on their auditory function to receive information through speech activities. The speaker's message through spoken language must be immediately understood by the audience. There is a clear gap between spoken language and written language. Some people say that written language is understood last, while spoken language needs to be understood immediately.

Compared with written language, spoken language has the following characteristics:

1. The sentences are short. It is not advisable to use too long sentences in your speech.

2. Easy to understand. Use commonly used words and some popular spoken words to make the language full of life and vitality;

3. Do not make too many precise enumerations, especially for excessively large numbers, and commonly use divisors.

4. Use more words that indicate personal tendencies, such as "obviously", "in my opinion", etc., and often use connectives such as "but", "except", etc. to make the speech lively , vivid and powerful. Of course, we should pay attention to the plain and simple colloquial expression, and we must not add or subtract syllables arbitrarily like ordinary casual speech, dragging the water, and mumbling. This will damage the health and beauty of the spoken language and destroy the integrity of the language.

(3) Intonation is appropriate, natural, and emotional

Intonation is an important means of oral expression, and it can well assist language expressions to express ideas. The same sentence, due to different changes in intonation, pitch, length, urgency, etc., in different contexts,

Generally speaking, words that express firmness, courage, heroism, and anger can express various different meanings. thoughts and feelings. To express thoughts and feelings, the tone is urgent and the voice is heavier; to express thoughts and feelings of happiness, warmth, thoughtfulness, and gratification, the tone is soothing, and the voice is lighter; to express elegance, solemnity, and satisfaction, the tone is weak in the front and strong in the middle. Only in this way can it be vivid and expressive.