Question 1: Who wrote the Liu script? Liu Gongquan

Question 2: Who founded "Liu Ti"? Liu Gongquan

Liu Gongquan (778-865), courtesy name Chengxuan, was a native of Jingzhaohua in the Tang Dynasty. He rose to the rank of crown prince and grand master, and was known as "Liu Shaoshi" in the world. Since he was also named the Duke of Hedong County by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He was the successor of Yan Zhenqing. Later generations called them "Yan Liu" and became a model of calligraphy in the past dynasties. Together with Zhao Meng\, Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Xun, they are collectively known as the "Four Great Calligraphers".

Liu Gongquan, the last great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, was a native of Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province. He inherited the calligraphy structure of his predecessors and created his own so-called "Liu style", which served as a model for generations to come until he entered the printed era. His calligraphy has taken many incarnations and spread among the people and even abroad. His calligraphy has always been valued in the three dynasties of Muzong, Jingzong and Wenzong of Tang Dynasty. He lived in officialdom and served as a scribe, grew up in the ban, and had a prosperous official career. Emperor Wenzong called his calligraphy "The King of Bells is resurrected, and there is nothing more to add to it": Emperor Mu Zong asked him how to best use his pen, and he said: "Use your pen with your heart in mind, and if your heart is upright, your pen will be correct." This famous saying was passed down to later generations as "Advice on the pen" "Good story. "Liu Ti" is as famous as "Yan Ti", and is also called "Yan Jin Liu Gu".

[Edit this paragraph] Features of the work

Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was famous in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying among the people that "one character of Liu is worth a thousand gold". His calligraphy is strong, rigorous and meticulous. In terms of the characteristics of the characters, they are famous for their thinness and strength. The regular scripts they write have strong and charming postures and strong bones. The running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Because of the unique characteristics of his works, Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is known as "Liu style".

[Edit this paragraph] Famous works

Liu Gongquan wrote a lot of books and monuments throughout his life. Here, we will introduce some of his representative works:

1. "Diamond Sutra Engraved on Stone" (824, when he was forty-seven years old) Liu Gongquan's official book was carved as a horizontal stone with twelve pieces and eleven characters in each line. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. The only Tang rubbing was found in the Dunhuang Grottoes and is now in the Paris Museum. This is Liu Shu's early representative work. His writing style is rigorous and rigorous, and his strokes are thin, strong, and graceful; his structure is well-organized, taking shape vertically, constricting the middle palace, and spreading out in all directions, which is clear, powerful, and steep. "Liu Gu" can be first recognized here, and Liu's collection of books can also be known here. Dong Dong of the Song Dynasty said: "Sincerely writing the Diamond Sutra, Liu N said that it has the styles of Zhong (Yao), Wang (Xizhi), Ou (Yangxu), Yu (Shinan), Chu (Suiliang), and Lu (Cambodian). . Looking at his writing now, it is truly a masterpiece and extremely valuable." ("Guangchuan Book Postscript")

2. "Li Sheng Stele" (829, when he was fifty-two years old) The stele is located in Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province. The stele is one foot, four feet and two inches high from forehead to forehead, five feet, eight inches and two inches wide, with thirty-four lines and sixty-one characters. Written by Pei Du, official script by Liu Gongquan, and seal script. This stele has been in ruins since the Ming Dynasty, and is now covered with stone flowers. Sun Chengze of the Qing Dynasty wrote in Gengzi's Summer Days' Notes: "Although the characters are peeling off, they are tall and straight and stand out from the rest, and can still be found." Compared with the "Diamond Sutra", it has strengthened the decisiveness, sharp edges and corners, and crisp stippling. Standing tall and tall, it stands out from the crowd. But in some places, the knotting seems restrained and cramped.

3. "Preface to the Inscription on the Bell Tower of Huiyuan Temple" (836, when I was fifty-nine years old). The stone is placed horizontally, with forty-one lines and twenty crosses. It was engraved by Shao Jianhe. It was unearthed outside Hepingmen in Xi'an City in November 1986. This stele is written by Fengshen Shuoshuo and is meticulous in every stroke. The pen he uses is mainly square, supplemented by round pens, which are powerful and clear. Its structure is often misaligned to seek changes. For example, the left radical of the left-right structure of the characters "squatting", "clock", and "lou" is moved upward to form a knotted character with a short left and a long right, seeking charm and interest from the imbalance. Liu Shu went deeper and deeper.

4. "Feng Su Stele" (837, when he was sixty years old) was written by Wang Qi. It was written by Liu Gongquan and had a seal on the forehead. The main script has 41 lines and 83 characters. The stone is preserved in the Stele Forest in Xi'an. His book is refreshing, fast and healthy, and full of energy. It seems to indicate that a more refined "willow body" is about to be born. In the next five or six years, "Mysterious Tower" and "Shence Army" were published one after another, becoming the standard of regular script for thousands of years. "Gengzi Xiaoxiaoji" quoted Yang Yongxiu as saying: "Chengxuan's "Feng Shangshu Stele" is inferior to (Yu Shinan's) "Temple Stele"." "Graphite Engraved Hua" says: "The small difference in the willow script on this stele is better than that of "Xuan Mi" "Pagoda Stele" is not worthy of being compared with Xue Jiyan's "Temple Stele" by Yang Yongxiu. "Fu U Stele" (838, when he was sixty-one years old) was written by Li Zongmin, written by Liu Gongquan and sealed on the forehead, and engraved by Shao Jianhe.

There are thirty-one lines and sixty-two characters. The stele is one foot high and four feet five inches wide. It is the most important of the willow stele. The stone was destroyed in Fuping County during the "Ten Years of Turmoil". This stele has enjoyed a great reputation throughout the ages, and is recorded in "Inscriptions on Gold and Stone", "Bao Ke Lei Bian" on the Mysterious Pagoda Stele, and "Collection of Ancient Times and Seeking Truth". Although the characters of this stele and the "Fengsu Stele" are smaller than that of the "Mysterious Tower Stele", they are equally powerful, profound in calligraphy, meticulous in structure, and full of spiritual principles... >>

Question 3: Who is the best contemporary Liu style calligrapher? In the development process of contemporary calligraphy, most calligraphers are eager for quick success and do not pay attention to achievements. They all follow the trend of that system. Calligraphers who come out of that system all follow that one, so Liu style calligraphy He was once left out, and today there is almost no one who can write Liu characters well.

Question 4: Who invented the willow body? Mr. Liu Gongquan

Question 5: Who is the founder of Ou Ti, Yan Ti and Liu Ti? The so-called "style" refers to their calligraphy style, that is, the layout of the characters. These "styles" correspond to the people - Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan~

Question 6: People who have learned regular script and Liu style characters in the past have used what model to learn Liu style characters. The most important model is Liu Gongquan's "Mysterious Pagoda Stele"

The full name of the Mysterious Pagoda Stele is "The Inscription on the Mysterious Pagoda Stele Consecrated to the Three Religions in the Monk Record of Zuo Street in the Tang Dynasty, and the Inscription on the Mysterious Pagoda Stele Given to Dade Master Anguo Temple" by Liu Gongquan

, referred to as "Master Dada's Mysterious Pagoda Stele", written by Pei Xiu of the Tang Dynasty, and written by Liu Gongquan with a seal on the forehead. It was engraved by the jade engraver Shao Jianhe and his younger brother Shao Jianchu. The seal characters on the forehead of the stele are arranged in three lines, with four characters in each line and twelve characters in each line. The main text of the stele has 28 lines in regular script, with 54 characters per line, totaling (1302) characters. The "Xuanmi Pagoda Stele" was erected in December of the first year of Huichang in the Tang Dynasty (AD 841) and is now in the Stele Forest in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. Although it has passed through thousands of years, the calligraphy and painting are still clear and intact.

Question 7: Is Liu style the most difficult form of regular script to practice in calligraphy? What are the characteristics of willow body? Are there many people practicing Liu Ti now? "Liu style" regular script was created by Liu Gongquan, a master of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. Its calligraphy originated from three aspects: first, Wang Xizhi and Zhong Yao, who got the ancient, peaceful and elegant charm; second, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Yu Shinan, got it Qing Jin, containing thick, broad spirit; the third one is the North Stele Qi Stele, which has its clear, vigorous and majestic quality. He has been able to read all the calligraphy techniques of the past, collect the old and create new ones, and gradually form his own unique style of calligraphy, forming a family of calligraphy. The biggest feature of Liu Ti's pen is the combination of square and round, which is both square, strong and sharp, but also thick and round. Using square pens to fold the edges at the beginning and end of each painting can create a strong, square, sharp and sharp beauty. And in the converging part of the strokes, the willow body mostly has round pens wrapped around the edges, which prevents the brush strokes from spreading out and eliminates traces and edges. The brush strokes are not broken or paused, and they are collected as soon as they are written to the end, which makes them look particularly plump and round. Contained and simple