1. Gou Jian's Affairs in Wu Wenwen

King Gou Jian of Yue was defeated in the battle with Wu. He was trapped in Kuaiji. However, as a minister, I asked you to take your wife as a concubine, and personally hold the gun for the Wu soldiers. They fled first, and the fruit and birds were sent to Qian Sui. Therefore, Lao Tzu said, "The soft is better than the strong, and the weak is better than the strong." No one in the world knows it, and no one can do it. The king of Yue will kiss him, so he dominates China. ”

Translation

King Gou Jian of Yue failed in the battle with the state of Wu. The country was ruined, the people were injured and killed, and he was besieged in Kuaiji. At this time, Gou Jian was filled with resentment and courage, ** * With arrogance like a spring, he trained and selected soldiers, determined to fight through fire and water to fight with the state of Wu. However, after the persuasion of minister Wen Zhong, he reached an agreement with the state of Wu on humiliating terms. Gou Jian himself became a servant of the king of Wu, and his wife was a slave of the king of Wu; He also personally led the way for the king of Wu. After many years of hard work, he finally defeated the state of Wu in Qiansui and captured King Wu Fucha. Therefore, "Laozi" said: "Rouble can defeat strong, weak can defeat strong, the world." Everyone knows this truth, but no one can implement it personally. "The King of Yue Gou Jian personally implemented it, so he finally dominated the Central Plains. 2. Classical Chinese translation: "Gou Jian served Wu"

The original text of "Gou Jian served Wu"

King Gou Jian of Yue fought with Wu. If the victory fails, the country is destroyed and trapped in Kuaiji (jī). His anger is bold and his anger is like a spring. He selects and trains soldiers and is ready to go to the fire. However, as a minister, his wife is a concubine, and he personally holds the weapon as a soldier of Wu. A horse can be captured by Qian Sui.

Therefore Laozi said: "The soft is better than the strong, and the weak is better than the strong." No one in the world knows it, but no one can do it. "The King of Yue kissed him, so he dominated the world.

(Selected from "Huainanzi·Dao Yingxun")

Explanation

There was no war between King Gou Jian of Yue and Wu. After winning, the country was destroyed, and he was besieged in Jishan. He was filled with resentment and anger, and the injustice was surging like a spring. He secretly selected soldiers and trained them rigorously. The soldiers dared to go through fire and water, but on the surface he asked to be the minister and wife of the King of Wu. As the maid of the King of Wu, he personally held the sword and spear as the King of Wu's pawn, and finally captured the King of Wu in Qian Sui.

So Lao Tzu said: "The soft can defeat the strong, and the weak can defeat the strong. No one in the world does not know it, but no one can practice it. "The King of Yue was able to implement it personally, so he was able to dominate the world. 3. All classical Chinese texts about Gou Jian's destruction of Wu

The King of Yue, Gou Jian, perched on top of Kuaiji and ordered the three armies: "All my father, brother, brother Kun, and the sons of the country will If there is anyone with this surname who can help me plot to retreat from Wu, I will work with them to learn about the politics of Yue. "The doctor Zhong Jin responded and said: "I have heard that the people of Jia are equipped with skins in summer, and in winter they are provided with crops, in drought they are provided with boats, and in water they are provided with chariots, in case there is a shortage. Although I have no worries from all directions, I still have to choose my advisers and minions without raising them. It's like a coir rain hat. When the rain comes, you must look for it. Now that the king is perched on Kuaiji, he then seeks advisors, why not follow him? Gou Jian said: "If you only hear the words of Master Zi, what will happen next?" " He held his hand and conspired with him.

Then he sent him to Wu, saying: "The little prince Gou Jian has nothing to do, so he makes his subordinates, who dare not fully hear the sound of the king, privately The deacon said to me: "The master and disciples of a humble monarch are not enough to humiliate you; I am willing to bribe you with gold, jade, and children to humiliate you." Invite the daughter of Goujian to the king, the daughter of the official to the official, the daughter of the scholar to the scholar, and the treasures of the Yue Kingdom will be completed! A few kings command the people of the country and serve as masters and disciples of the king. However, if the ruler considers that the crime of crossing the country is unpardonable, the ancestral temple will be burned, the wives and children will be tied up, and gold and jade will be poured into the river. If there are five thousand men with armor, they will die, and there will be an accident. Therefore, with ten thousand men in armor, everything will be done. You, you, are you hurting what you love? Rather than killing this person, I would rather gain this country. Which one would benefit? "

Fu Chai wanted to listen and let him do it. Zixu remonstrated, "No! Husband Wu and Yue are a country that is at war with its enemies. Surrounded by three rivers, the people cannot move. If there is Wu, there will be no Yue; if there is Yue, there will be no Wu. This cannot be changed! The members heard that: Land people live on land, and water people live on water. If you go to the country of the Party, I will attack and win it, but I cannot live in its land, and you cannot ride in its chariots. If you cross the country, I will attack and win it, and I can live there In this land, I can ride on its boat. This is a benefit that cannot be lost. You will destroy it! If you lose this advantage, even if you regret it, it will be in vain. "

The Yue people decorated eight beauties and accepted them as Taizai Pei, saying: "Zigou pardons the sins of the Yue country, and those who are beautiful like this will enter." Dazai Pei remonstrated and said: "I heard that those who attacked the country in ancient times just obeyed them. Now that they have obeyed, why do they ask for anything?" "Fu Chai followed him and left.

Gou Jian said to the people of the country: "I don't know that my strength is insufficient, and I have a grudge against a big country to expose the bones of the people in the Central Plains. This is what I do. Sin. Please update! "So he buried the dead, inquired about the injured, and maintained health; he expressed condolences and congratulated those who were happy; he sent off and welcomed those who were leaving; he removed the evils of the people and made up for their shortcomings. Then he humbled his servants and sent three hundred eunuchs to Wu. The land of Goujian extends to Juwu in the south, Yu'er in the north, Yin in the east, and Gumi in the west. It can be transported for hundreds of miles to reach his parents and Kun's younger brother. ：I heard about the virtuous king in ancient times, and the people from all over the world returned to him, just like the water. Now I can't, so the general has two or three sons and his wife. The parents are guilty; if the husband does not take twenty, the parents are guilty and will be punished, and the public order will be given to the doctor. If a husband is born, two bottles of wine and one dog will be given; if a woman is born, the male will be given two bottles of wine. With his mother, he gave birth to two sons, and the father gave them to him.

If the head of the household dies, his administration will be released in three years; if his son dies, his administration will be released in three months; he will be buried with tears and buried like his son. Orphans, widows, those with rashes, and those who are poor and sick should be given official posts to their sons; they should be well-educated, they should live in their homes, their clothes should be well-dressed, their food should be well-fed, and they should be dedicated to righteousness. When people from all over the world come, they must be worshiped in the temple. Gou Jian loaded the rice and fat into the boat and set sail. Every child in the country who travels around is fed and cared for, and his name must be asked. If it is not planted by his body, he will not eat; if his wife does not weave, he will not be clothed. If it is not collected from the country for ten years, the people will have enough to eat for three years.

The fathers and brothers of the country asked: "In the past, my husband humiliated my king in the country of the vassals. Now the country of Yue has become more disciplined. Please repay him!" Gou Jian said in his words: "The war in the past was not between two or three sons. It's a crime for a widower. How can I be ashamed of myself?" My father and brother asked me again, "If you are close to me within four seals, you are like a son who wants to repay his parents. I want to avenge you. Is there anyone who dares not to do his best? Please fight again!" After Gou Jian promised it, he made an oath to his people and said, "I heard that the virtuous kings of ancient times will not harm their people. It is because of the lack of ambition and lack of shame. Now there are hundreds of millions of people who are wearing clothes and water rhinoceros. It is not because of the shame of their ambition and action, but because of the deficiency of the people. Now I will help God. I don't want the courage of an ordinary man, but I want him to advance and retreat. If he advances, he will be rewarded, and if he retreats, he will be punished. If he advances, he will not be killed, but if he retreats, he will be punished. . ”

Everyone in the country advises you to be fruitful. The father encouraged his son, the elder brother encouraged his younger brother, and the woman encouraged her husband, saying: "Who is the king, and how can he not die?" Therefore, Wu was defeated in Xun, defeated again, and defeated in the suburbs.

Fu Chai Xingcheng said: "The master and disciple of me are not enough to humiliate you! Please give me your gold, jade, and children as a bribe to humiliate me!" Gou Jian said to him: "In the past, Heaven gave Yue to Wu, and Wu If you don't accept the order, how can you, Wu Yue, listen to your orders instead of obeying the orders of heaven? I invite you to Wang Yong and Judong, and you and I are two princes!" Fu Chai said to him, "I'm going to have a meal first. If you don't forget the Zhou Dynasty and ruin the city, it will be your wish. If you say, "I will ruin your country and destroy your ancestral temple, how can I show my dignity to the world?" The king of Yue is second."

Then Wu was destroyed. 4. Gou Jian's Affairs in Wu Wenwen

King Gou Jian of Yue was defeated in the battle with Wu and was trapped in Kuaiji. His anger was bold and his anger was like a spring. , the wife was a concubine, and she personally held the gun for the Wu soldiers and fled before the horse, and the fruit and fowl were sent to Qian Sui.

Therefore, Laozi said, "Softle wins over hardness, and weakness defeats strong." No one in the world knows it, and no one can do it. The king of Yue will kiss him, so he dominates China. ”

Translation King Gou Jian of Yue failed in the battle with the state of Wu. The country was ruined, the people were injured and killed, and he was besieged in Kuaiji. At this time, Gou Jian was filled with anger and courage, and his pride was like a spring, training Selecting soldiers, determined to fight through fire and water with the state of Wu.

However, after the persuasion of minister Wen Zhong, he reached an agreement with the state of Wu on humiliating terms. Gou Jian himself became a servant of the king of Wu and his wife was a slave of the king of Wu. He also personally led the way for the king of Wu. After many years of hard work, he finally defeated the state of Wu in Qiansui and captured King Wu Fucha. Therefore, "Laozi" said: "Rouble can defeat strong, weak can defeat strong, the world." Everyone knows this truth, but no one can implement it personally. ”

King Gou Jian of Yue personally implemented it, so he finally dominated the Central Plains. 5. Gou Jian’s story was inspired by Wu’s literary works

King Gou Jian of Yue did not win the war with Wu, and the country was destroyed. He was besieged in Jishan.

He was full of resentment and injustice, secretly selecting and strictly training soldiers, who dared to go through fire and water, but on the surface he asked to be the king's minister and wife. As the maid of the King of Wu, he personally served as the King of Wu's pawn with a sword and spear. As a result, he captured the King of Wu in Qian Sui.

So Lao Tzu said: "The soft can defeat the strong, and the weak can defeat the strong." No one in the world does not know it, but no one can practice it.

"The King of Yue was able to implement it personally, so he was able to dominate the world. The reason why King Gou Jian of Yue was able to defeat King Wu Fu Chai in the end was because when the King of Yue was in a disadvantageous situation, he was good at concealing himself, hiding his edge, and secretly accumulating strength. Then seize the opportunity and turn defeat into victory.

It shows that weakness can defeat strength. When people are in a disadvantaged position, they should use gentle methods to turn weakness into strength. 6. 10 classical Chinese essays are urgently needed. Translation/Gou Jian served Wu/Yue Fei managed the army/Breakthrough and ask for help/Dragon City Flying General/Death Axe/Good

At this time, all the elders and brothers in the country asked King Gou Jian of Yue: "In the past, King Wu Fu Chai gave way to Our king was humiliated among the princes, and now our country of Yue is on the right track. Please allow us to take revenge! Gou Jian declined and said, "In the past, we were defeated by Wu. It was not the fault of the people, but my fault. How can a person like me know what it means to be humiliated?" Please don’t fight against Wu for the time being! "(A few years later) the old brothers asked Gou Jian, King of Yue again: "Everyone within the four borders of Yue should be close to our King of Yue, just like they are close to their parents.

A son wants to avenge his parents, and a minister wants to avenge his king. How can they not dare to do their best? Please allow us to fight another war with Wu! King Gou Jian of Yue agreed to everyone's request, so he called everyone to swear an oath: "I heard that the wise kings in ancient times were not worried about the insufficient number of troops, but worried that the soldiers did not know what shame was. Now King Wu Fu Chai wears rhinoceros skin with water." The armor was made for 13,000 soldiers, but Fu Chai was not worried that his soldiers did not know what shame was, he was only worried about the insufficient number of troops. Now I want to help God destroy the Kingdom of Wu. I don't want my soldiers to have only the bravery of ordinary people, but I hope that my soldiers can move forward when ordered to advance, and retreat when ordered to retreat. When you move forward, you think you will be rewarded, and when you retreat you think you will be punished. In this way, there will be regular rewards. Disobeying orders when attacking and being shameless when retreating are conventional punishments. "

So the Yue Kingdom acted decisively, and everyone in the country encouraged each other. The father encouraged his son, the elder brother encouraged his younger brother, and the wife encouraged her husband. They said: "How can there be anyone like us? King of the country, how can we not want to die on the battlefield? "So in the first battle, Wu suffered a defeat in the land of Li, and then suffered a setback in the land of Wu, and defeated the Wu army in the suburbs of Wu's capital.

Translation: Whenever the army rests Yue Fei urged his soldiers to climb slopes and jump into ditches, and had them practice wearing heavy armor. As long as the soldiers took a piece of hemp rope from the common people to tie up the fodder, they would immediately behead the soldiers and camp at night. The common people opened the door and expressed their willingness to accept them. No one dared to trespass. The Yue Jiajun claimed that they would rather freeze to death than tear down people's houses and light fires to keep them warm, and would rather starve to death than rob people of their food. "A soldier was sick, and Yue Fei personally prepared medicine for him. When the soldiers were on an expedition, Yue Fei's wife went to their homes to express condolences. Some of them died in battle, and she shed tears and pains for him and took care of his orphans. The court gave rewards and rewards, and they were all distributed to his officers and soldiers. Yue Fei is good at using a small amount to attack a large number. Whenever he takes action, he summons his officers to discuss and then fight, so he can win regardless of the enemy's sudden attack. Commenting on the Yue Family Army, he said: “It is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue Family Army. "Zhang Jun once asked Yue Fei how to use troops, and Yue Fei replied: "Benevolence, righteousness, trust, wisdom, bravery, and severity are all indispensable. "Every time military rations were transferred, Yue Fei would frown and say worriedly: "The people in the southeast region are almost exhausted! "Yue Fei respected the virtuous and treated the scholars courteously. He usually sang elegant poems and played pot throwing games. He was as humble and prudent as a scholar. Every time Yue Fei resigned and made meritorious service, when the court promoted him to an official position, he would always say: "This is the contribution of the soldiers. , what credit do I, Yue Fei, have? "But Yue Fei had radical opinions on state affairs and left no room for others to discuss issues, which finally caused trouble. 7. What is the answer to Gou Jian, the King of Yue, in his classical Chinese essay

To endure hardships

Pronounced wò xīn cháng dǎn

Definition: fuel: sleep on firewood, taste gall when eating and sleeping. It originally refers to the deeds of Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, who worked hard to restore the country. It evolved into an idiom to describe a person who is hardworking and self-motivated.

Source: "Historical Records: The Family of King Goujian of Yue": "King Goujian of Yue rebelled against the country. Yang Yang, food and drink also taste gallbladder. "Lie on firewood: sleep on dry firewood. Taste gall: taste gall.

Grammatical conjunction; used as predicate, attributive, adverbial; contains praise

Example: King Gou Jian of Yue~, finally defeated He conquered the Kingdom of Wu and rebuilt the Kingdom of Yue.

Synonyms: Work hard, work hard to achieve success. Belonging to Chu; if you work hard, you will not be disappointed by Heaven; if you work hard, you will be brave enough; three thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu (people with ambition will succeed in everything they do, just like Xiang Yu who broke the cauldron and sank the boat; in the end, all the 120 Qin Passes belong to Chu; if people work hard, Heaven will do the same. He will not let him down, just like Gou Jian who worked hard and annexed the state of Wu with only three thousand Yuejia. This sentence tells people that if you want to succeed, you must be a determined person and a hard worker. )

Allusions

In 496 BC, King Helu of Wu sent troops to attack the country of Yue, but was defeated by the country of Yue. Helu was also seriously injured and died two years later. His son Fucha led his troops to defeat the State of Yue, and King Gou Jian of Yue was escorted to the State of Wu to be a slave. After Gou Jian endured humiliation and served the King of Wu for three years, Fucha lost his wariness about him and sent him back to the State of Yue.

In fact. Gou Jian did not give up his desire for revenge. On the surface, he obeyed the king of Wu, but he secretly trained elite soldiers, strengthened the government, and waited for opportunities to fight back against Wu. Hardship can strengthen his will, but ease will weaken his will. Gou Jian was afraid that he would covet the comfort in front of him. , To kill the will of revenge, so he arranged a difficult living environment for himself. He did not sleep on a mattress at night, only laid some firewood (called firewood in ancient times), and hung a gall in the house. He would taste the gall from time to time. In order not to forget the shame of the past, Gou Jian encouraged the people to participate in labor with the queen and the people, and with the concerted efforts of the Yue people, they finally found the opportunity. Destroy the state of Wu.

8. Test questions for extracurricular classical Chinese essay "Gou Jian Shi Wu"

Test question 1 is punctuated. However, as the wife of a minister, as a concubine, and as a relative, to fight for the king of Wu, 2 is the same A. The country is destroyed and the country is destroyed/Mending the situation B. Going to the fire is like being destroyed/ Go through fire and water C The king of Yue kisses him/Everything must be done respectfully D So Lao Tzu said/Knowing but asking This point 5 lists allusions (idioms) about the King of Yue. Answer 1 is punctuated. As a minister, his wife is a concubine, and he is the king of Wu.

Horse 2 is the same B A. The country was destroyed and died/. Mend the situation before the sheep is gone B Go to the fire if it is extinguished / Go through fire and water C The king of Yue kisses / Everything must be done respectfully D Therefore Laozi said / Knowing clearly, asking questions No one can implement it. 4. The soft can defeat the strong. The weak can defeat the strong. This story tells how to do this. You can endure the humiliation, work tirelessly, and persevere to accumulate strength bit by bit, paralyze the enemy, and finally wait until you are strong. You can turn defeat into victory.

For example, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, could serve as a minister of the king of Wu and lead the way for the king of Wu. However, he worked hard in the rear to accumulate strength to educate and train the people's army, and finally defeated the powerful Wu State in five actions. An allusion about the King of Yue (idiom): Lie on the firewood and taste the courage, but the bird is gone and the bow is hidden.

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