"Under the Cibeigu Mountain" is a famous poem that has been praised throughout the ages. Among them, "the tide is flat on both sides, the wind is strong and the sail is hanging" and "the sea is full of sun and night, and the river is spring into the old year" are highly praised Famous quotes. This poem describes the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River that the poet saw when he was anchored at the foot of Beigu Mountain, such as green mountains and green waters, flat tides and wide shores. However, it was approaching the Spring Festival, and with wild geese overhead, he sighed, "Where can the hometown books be reached?" The whole poem has a beautiful artistic conception and a blend of scenes, expressing the poet's deep homesickness while living in other places.
Analysis of famous lines: Hai Risheng, the remaining night, Jiang Chun enters the old year
Yinfan of the Tang Dynasty commented on these two lines in his "Collection of Heroes in Heyue"
"Since the time of the poet, this sentence has rarely been seen. Zhang Yangong (Zhang Shuo) wrote it in the Zhengshi Hall, and every time he showed his ability to write, he ordered it to be in regular style." How Zhang Shuo said it to people, unfortunately Yin did not explain it, but there are two points worth noting: One is that he wrote these two poems as "Zhengshitang", and the other is "Every time he shows his ability, he writes".
Good writing is all about accuracy. For example, the two words "生" and "入" here not only make the couplet work stable, but what's even better is that the appearance of these two words makes "Hai Ri" and "Can Ye", "Jiang Chun" and "Jiu" "Year" and two unrelated things are connected and become vivid because of it. The sun rises little by little from the dark sea, like a child emerging from its mother's womb. This word "birth" is really vivid. The sun has just risen, and the earth is still basically in darkness, but the night has been torn apart, and the word "residual" expresses irresistible disappearance. The night is passive, but it is helpless. It gives birth to the sun, but it fades because of the sun! The word "enter" is more vivid. Although it is still the winter of the old year in the south of the Yangtze River, spring has painted the willow trees along the river with a layer of spring color. This word "enter" is very impolite, it almost has a forced wedge, which expresses the vigor of new life. The willow color is close to the author's boat, so it can be seen, and the word "jiang" is used as the boundary before "spring", which also points out the environment and sight of "at the foot of Cibeigu Mountain". These words are written concisely and very appropriately. Because he not only wrote about the scene of aging and dying, but also the specific visual gap at this time, it appears vivid and vivid. The old year refuses to recede, but in the end it cannot stop the power of new life; but the new ones seem to be wedged in hard regardless of whether you are willing or not. This word "enter" does have an unstoppable trend that warns people. . Zhang's talk about supporting the underachievers and being determined to reform may have something to do with his appreciation of the poetry of the replacement of the old with the new. This may be the reason why he wanted to take action in the political hall.
Du Mu's "Boarding in Qinhuai": "The smoke cage is cold, the moon is caged in the sand, and the Qinhuai River is close to the restaurant at night." Starting from the description of the scene, two characters "cage" are used to outline the misty moonlight scene on the Qinhuai River. "Cage" means "envelopment". It cleverly blends smoke, water, sun and sand together harmoniously. It not only gives people a soft and quiet feeling, but also implies a slightly floating and flowing mood, which embodies the poet's feelings. Sad emotion. "Business girls don't know the grief of the country's demise, but they still sing "The Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river." The singing girls don't know the grief of the country's demise, and they still sing the song "The Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river. It satirizes the real life of dignitaries who ignore political affairs and leads a dissolute life, expressing the poet's concern for the country and the people.
"Guan Cang Hai" was written by Cao Cao in September of the twelfth year of Jian'an (207) when he went north to conquer Wuhuan and wiped out the remaining troops of Yuan Shao when he was on his way to Mount Jieshi. This four-character poem depicts the majesty of the motherland's rivers and mountains based on the natural scenery the poet saw when climbing a mountain and looking at the sea. It not only depicts the moving image of the mountains and the sea, but also expresses the poet's heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit. It is the best description of natural scenery in the Jian'an era. The famous poem is also one of the earliest famous works in my country's classical landscape poetry.
Poetry Appreciation From the perspective of the poem’s genre, this is an ancient poem; from the perspective of its expression, this is a lyrical poem describing a scene. The two sentences "near Jieshi in the east to view the sea" point out the location of "viewing the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi and faced the sea from a high position, with a broad field of vision and a panoramic view of the magnificent sea. The following ten descriptions are roughly expanded from this. The word "Guan" plays a leading role in the whole poem, reflecting the broad artistic conception and powerful momentum of this poem.
The first four lines of poetry describe the scene of the sea, with movement and stillness, such as "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rising" and "The water is so sluggish" describe dynamic scenery, "trees are thick and grass is luxuriant" and "Mountain Island Chang Zhi" describes the quiet scene.
Guancanghai is selected from "Collection of Yuefu Poems", which is the first chapter of the Yuefu poem "Stepping out of Xiamen".
"The water is sluggish, but the mountains and islands are standing tall" is the general impression I get when looking at the sea, a bit like the outline of a painting. In this "roaming" sea, the first thing that catches the eye is the abrupt and towering mountain islands. They are dotted on the flat sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences describe the general outline of the sea view, which will be described in depth below.
"The trees are thick and the grass is luxuriant. The autumn wind is bleak and the flood waves are rising." The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island of Changzhi: Although the autumn wind is bleak and the grass and trees are falling, the island is lush with trees. , the grass is rich and lush, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "How is the water so calm": If you look carefully, you will see that the sea surface in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, turbulent and ups and downs. Although it is a typical autumn environment here, there is no trace of desolate and sad autumn mood.
Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author writes about the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is turbulent and vast, reaching the sky; the mountain islands are towering and straight, with lush vegetation, without any sentimental sentiment. This new realm and new style reflect his "ambitious" mind of "an old man is still in trouble, but he aims for a thousand miles".
"The journey of the sun and the moon is as if it comes from within; the stars are brilliant as if they are from within." This describes the author Cao Cao's aspirational feelings. The previous description is observed from the plane of the sea, but these four sentences are related to the boundless universe, and the momentum and power of the sea are highlighted in front of the readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky, and the sky is In front of this majestic and majestic sea, the sun, moon, stars, and the Milky Way (Milky Way) all appear small, and their movements seem to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also integrated with his own imagination and exaggeration, showing a majestic atmosphere that swallows the universe, and has the potential of "five mountains rising into a square inch". This kind of "covering the atmosphere" is the artistic realm formed by the blending of the scenery in the poet's eyes and the emotions in his heart. Speaking from the heart, if the poet does not have grand political ambitions, no ambition to make achievements, and no optimism about the future, he will never be able to write such a magnificent poem. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "always domineering" (Shen De's subtext), referring to works such as "Guan Cang Hai". "
"Fortunately, I sing to express my ambition. "This is a cliché used when combining music, and has nothing to do with the content of the poem. It is also pointed out that it was sung by the Yuefu.
As for "Huanxisha", it is a word brand name. There are many people who have written this, including Su Shi. There are 4 poems, not to mention Li Qingzhao and others.
"Spring Hope"
The poems are selected from "Du Shi Detailed Notes" (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition). This was during Du Fu's "Anshi Rebellion". Written in Chang'an. "An" refers to Anlu Mountain; "Shi" refers to Shi Siming. In August of the first year of Emperor Suzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu went from Fuzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to Lingwu (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province). Belonging to Ningxia), he defected to Suzong, was captured by the rebels on the way, and was later trapped in Chang'an. The whole poem was written in March of the following year. He was worried about his country, thinking about his family, and feeling sorry for himself. It shows that the poet always cares about the world and worries about himself. The broad mind of caring about the country and the people is the inner reason why this poem is so melancholy and moving through the ages.
Sentence Appreciation
The whole poem revolves around the word "hope". The first four sentences. The poet uses scenery to express emotions and combines scenes. The poet writes about the overgrown vegetation and sparse population in the city of Chang'an to set off the dilapidation of the country. The desolate scene of desolation. "The flowers shed tears when they feel the time, and the birds are frightened when they hate each other." The two sentences use objects to personify the flowers and birds. They feel the division of the country and the difficulties of the country, and the flowers and birds in Chang'an are weeping and frightened. Writing about spring through two things, flowers and birds, expresses the sadness of seeing things, and uses personification to express the sadness of the country's subjugation and the sadness of parting, which reflects the poet's patriotism from afar to the focus. The perspective of the poet, from far to near, from weak to strong, implicitly conveys the poet's lament and anger in this cross-conversion of emotions and scenery. The country is in turmoil, the war continues for years, the people's wives and children are scattered, and the sound of music is lost. It is particularly rare to receive family letters at this time. Deeply worried. The last two sentences describe the poet's increasingly sparse white hair, which cannot even be inserted into a hairpin. The whole poem uses movements to describe the depth and breadth of the poet's sorrow and anger. The whole poem is full of deep emotions. Implicit and concise, the words are concise and concise, which fully reflects the poet's "melancholy" artistic style.
The whole poem expresses the poet's feelings of concern for the country, sadness for the times, homesickness, sorrow for himself, and longing for his relatives. .
The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for the motherland and his family. Modern scholars such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is coherent but not straight. The scenes are comprehensive but not dissociated, the emotions are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, and the rhythm is rigorous but not rigid. "This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
In June of the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (756), the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In July, When Du Fu heard about Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, he settled his family in Qiang Village in Yanzhou and went to defect to Suzong. He was captured by the rebels and brought to Chang'an because of his low official position and was not imprisoned. "Looking" was written in March of the following year. The poet witnessed the fall of Chang'an's flutes, and felt homesick after experiencing adversity.
The first and second couplets of the poem are about Spring City. The image of defeat is full of exclamations; the three and four couplets describe the situation of missing relatives, full of detachment. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural.
"The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring and vegetation." "The opening chapter describes what Chun Wang saw: the capital of the country has fallen, the city is in ruins, although the mountains and rivers are still the same, there are weeds everywhere and the trees are green. The word "broken" makes people frightened, and then the word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "'The mountains and rivers are there', it is clear that there is nothing left; 'the grass and trees are deep', it is clear that there is no one left. "("Wen Gongxu's Poetry Talk") The poet here expresses the scenery, but actually expresses his emotions, placing his feelings on things and his feelings on the scenery, which creates the atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is skillful, mature and natural, and the poetic meaning is overturned. "The country is broken. ” Regarding “City Spring”, the two have opposite ideas.
There is a sharp contrast between the ruins of the "national collapse" and the prosperous "city spring". "The country is broken" is followed by "mountains and rivers are here", which has the opposite meaning and is unexpected; "city spring" is originally supposed to be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep grass and trees" describes the state of desolation. It is contradictory and yet another turn. Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty praised this couplet very much and said: "The duality is not bad, but it changes vertically and horizontally, surpassing the stereotypes, with dark and light, shallow and deep, and the movements are amazing." (Volume 9 of "Tang Yin Gui Zhu")
"Impressions The general interpretation of these two sentences is that the flowers shed tears and the birds are frightened by the sad scene of separation in troubled times. The author is moved by the scene, empathizes with the object, and sees the richness of good poetry. And using intertextual techniques, it can be translated as "When I feel sorry for you, I hate seeing flowers splashing with tears; when I feel sorry for seeing you, I hate seeing birds splashing with tears."
The first four sentences of the poem are all contained in the word "wang". The poet looks up, his sight goes from near to far, and then from far to near. His vision ranges from the mountains and rivers to the city, and then from the city to the flowers and birds. Emotions progress from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, and advance step by step. In the changes of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from looking up at the scenery to bowing his head in contemplation, and then naturally transitioned to the second half - longing for his relatives.
"The war has lasted for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "the war has been fierce and the faith of the village has been broken." Until now, in the deep spring of March, the war is still continuous. How much I look forward to hearing from my loved ones at home. A letter from home at this time is really worth "ten thousand pieces of gold"! "A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold" expresses the urgent mood of long-awaited news without news. This is the thought in everyone's heart, and it naturally makes people excited, so it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
"The hairpins are shorter when the white heads are scratched, and the hairpins are full of lust." The war is everywhere, and family letters are blocked. I miss the tragic scene in the distance, look at the decadent scene in front of me, and feel extremely bored. , scratched his head and hesitated, and suddenly felt that his short hair was sparse and there were almost no hairpins. "White hair" is caused by sorrow, "scratching" is an action to relieve sorrow, and "shorter" shows the degree of sorrow. In this way, in addition to the pain of losing a country and a family, and being separated from others, they also sigh and grow old, which adds an additional layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's beautiful feelings of loving the country and missing his family. The meaning is thorough but not straight, the situation is comprehensive but not dissociated, the feelings are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, and the rhythm is Rigorous but not rigid, written with the ups and downs of the five-rhythm regular pattern, it is written with a sonorous sound and a clear spirit. Therefore, it has been popular for more than 1,200 years and has endured for a long time.
An antithetical couplet in the poem "Looking at Spring": The flowers splash with tears when I feel the time, and the birds are frightened by the hatred of others. The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The poet was just 45 years old this year, but the "white head" was realistic - half a year later, he mentioned it again in "The Northern Expedition": "I fell into the dust of the world, and all my hair was gone. "It's white-headed" and so sparse that it's "incomparable with hairpins". You can imagine its old appearance. He grew old so quickly because he was worried about his country, hurting his time, and missing his family.
Du Fu was trapped among thieves for eight months, and he wrote about twenty poems. These poems are profound and implicit, and this poem is the best. Every sentence has a hidden meaning, which is worth savoring.
Word Appreciation
The "look" in Chunwang expresses the longing for the family (the war continues for three months, letters from home are worth ten thousand yuan); the despair and worry about the future of the country (the country is broken down by mountains and rivers) In the spring of the city, the grass and trees are deep); lamenting about my old age (the white hair is shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust)
Central idea
The central idea of ??this poem is : This poem describes the desolate scene of Chang'an during the Anshi Rebellion, expresses the poet's concern for his country and his home, and reflects the poet's desire for peace and happiness