However, human activities are seriously threatening the marine environment. Over-exploitation, illegal fishing, destructive fishing methods, marine pollution, especially pollutants discharged from land to sea, and invasion of alien species are causing serious damage to marine ecosystems, including corals and important fishery resources.
In order to arouse people's attention to the ocean and further enhance their awareness of protecting the ocean, the international community has adopted a series of international legal documents to protect the marine environment, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted in 1982, which provides a legal framework for all human activities on the ocean and a basis for all countries to carry out various international cooperation.
65438+On February 5th, 2008, the 63rd UN General Assembly adopted the resolution11,and decided to designate June 8th every year as "World Ocean Day" from 2009, hoping that all countries in the world can take this opportunity to pay attention to the oceans on which human beings depend, discover the rich value contained in the oceans, and at the same time examine global pollution and its impact on the world.
In his speech on World Ocean Day this year, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called on all countries to take actions to reverse the degradation trend of marine environment caused by pollution, over-exploitation and acidification and protect the sustainable development of marine resources.
Exploring and understanding the ocean is the premise of developing, utilizing and protecting the ocean. Man's exploration of the ocean is endless. Only by comprehensively, accurately and profoundly understanding the ocean and mastering its laws of motion can we provide a solid scientific basis for building a maritime power. Scientific and rational development and utilization of the ocean and conscious protection of the marine ecological environment are important signs of human civilization and progress, and are also inevitable requirements for realizing the sustainable development of marine resources and environment.
Marine ecological civilization is an indispensable part of China's maritime power construction. Beautiful China cannot be separated from the beautiful ocean, and the construction of a maritime power cannot be separated from the efforts of each of us. The reporter from Ocean Fortune Network suggested that everyone should regard every day in our life as "World Ocean Day", take care of the ocean from me, protect the marine ecological environment, and strive to build China from a maritime power to a maritime power.
China is a big maritime country, with a vast sea area under its jurisdiction, rich coastal zone and marine resources, and great potential for coastal economic development. The rapid economic development and population growth in coastal areas have caused great environmental pressure on coastal areas and oceans. In order to protect the marine environment from land-based pollution, China government has taken a series of measures and actions.
Protecting the marine environment from land-based pollution is not only an important task for China government to improve the marine environment, but also an important contribution of China government to international marine environmental protection. Since the 2006 Montreal Conference, China has actively promoted the implementation of the Global Action Plan for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Sources of Pollution.
Improve laws, regulations and standards and strengthen environmental management; To carry out environmental monitoring and investigation and evaluate the quality of marine environment; Implement the blue ocean action plan to protect the marine ecological environment; Implement the river basin water pollution prevention and control plan to reduce the impact on the marine environment; Strengthen supervision and management to control land-based pollution; Calculate the environmental capacity of the sea area and control the total amount of land-based pollutants discharged into the sea; Strengthen the prevention and control of industrial pollution to prevent damage to the marine environment; Construction of urban sewage treatment plants to control the discharge of urban domestic sewage; Strengthen ecological protection and construction and establish marine nature reserves.
Through unremitting efforts, China has made some achievements in protecting the marine environment from land-based pollution. However, the government of China is soberly aware that the rapid economic development in the coastal areas of China has brought great environmental pressure to the coastal areas and oceans, and the environmental pollution in some sea areas is quite serious. China will continue to conscientiously implement the basic national policy of environmental protection and implement the strategy of sustainable development. Strengthen the prevention and control of land-based pollution and the construction of coastal ecological environment, and take the road of sustainable development in which economic development and marine environmental protection in coastal areas are coordinated.
The continuous deterioration of marine environment has seriously affected the sustainable development of marine economy. The marine environment is different from the land environment. Once it is polluted, it is difficult to eliminate its harm in a short time even if measures are taken. Controlling marine pollution takes longer, more complicated, more difficult and more expensive than controlling land pollution. Therefore, marine environmental protection should focus on prevention, combining prevention with control, rational development and comprehensive utilization.
China's vast territorial waters are called "blue land" and contain very valuable resources. The rational development and utilization of these marine resources must be based on marine ecological protection and effective environmental management. Protecting the marine environment is beneficial to the present and the future; It is urgent to protect the marine environment!
By the end of the 20th century, while human society has achieved prosperity and progress, there are also a number of survival crises. "Going to sea", "going to sea" and "going to heaven" are the three ways for human beings to get rid of the crisis and get out of the predicament, among which the ocean has the greatest potential and is the hope of human beings in the future.
The ocean covers 70.8% of the earth's surface. From this perspective, the earth is basically a water polo. The ocean is rich in various resources, which can meet the needs of human survival and development. It is the "big granary", "big mine", "big pharmacy", "big energy storehouse" and "big building materials base" for human beings ... Protecting and rationally developing the ocean is a major issue related to whether human beings can achieve sustainable development on the earth.
Ocean-the future "big mine" of mankind: seawater contains more than 80 kinds of chemical elements, most of which are important industrial raw materials. There are also many rare metal minerals in the coastal strata near the coast. The seabed is also rich in mineral resources. It is estimated that the mineral resources of the whole ocean reach 600 billion tons.
Ocean-the "big energy reservoir" of mankind in the future: it can use tides, waves, sea water temperature difference and so on to generate electricity. There are about 4 billion to 5 billion tons of uranium in seawater, which is thousands of times of the land reserves. Seawater is also rich in oil resources, which is more than 1.5 times of the exploitable amount on land. In recent years, American scientists have discovered a new energy source-methane hydrate of ice (i.e. combustible ice) on the seabed. Experts estimate that there are 65.438 trillion tons of this fuel stored on the seabed, which is said to be available for human exploitation and utilization for 654.38 billion years.
Ocean-the future "big pharmacy" for mankind: Pharmacists screened out 1000 kinds of pharmacologically active marine organisms from more than 200,000 kinds of marine organisms by modern scientific methods, and also found and extracted many drugs from marine minerals and black mud. Ocean "big pharmacy" can be used not only for the prevention and treatment of human diseases (especially cancer), but also for the prevention and treatment of agricultural and animal diseases and insect pests. In recent years, American scientists have also found that some active substances extracted from marine organisms can improve the immunity of people and animals. In addition, the study of marine life can also solve many human mysteries, and seawater can also help fitness and treatment.
The continuous progress of science will make the development and utilization of the ocean more full and comprehensive, and the future ocean will be the "building material base" of human beings, even the habitat of human beings. As a natural regulator of the earth's weather, the ocean plays a vital role in the sustainable development of mankind. However, people's understanding of the ocean is far from enough. What is even more distressing is that people's over-exploitation, cruel fishing and wanton pollution have made the marine ecological environment worse and worse. In this regard, we should deeply realize that for the future of mankind, we should always pay attention to protecting our hope-the ocean.
Scientific research tells us that life on earth was first born in the ocean, which is the cradle of life. Humans come from the ocean and cannot do without it. The ocean is the regulator of the global environment. It absorbs 4/5 solar energy, produces 70% oxygen in the atmosphere, and evaporates 4.4 billion cubic kilometers of fresh water every year. The ocean makes the coastal areas (except some frozen areas) suitable for climate and fresh air, which is suitable for human survival. The population of the earth has increased from a few million in prehistoric times to more than 5 billion now, and the land, which accounts for only 29% of the earth's surface area, is facing unprecedented pressure. With the sharp decline of cultivated land, soil erosion, environmental deterioration and gradual depletion of resources, it is difficult for land to carry human beings. However, the ocean is vast in space and rich in resources, and it is an inevitable trend for human beings to finally survive from the ocean.
Because of the special position of the ocean in the future development of mankind, marine awareness and marine development strategy are very important to a country. At present, all countries in the world are looking to the ocean, which has triggered fierce competition for maritime jurisdiction, and the essence of competition is to compete for resources, for the advantages of future development and for the living space of future generations.