Present participle phrases serve as accompanying adverbials

The conditions for the occurrence of accompanying adverbials are:

1) Two actions are initiated by one subject

2) Or the same subject is in two states,

3) Or the same subject emits an action and is accompanied by a certain state.

The logical subject of the accompanying adverbial must generally be the subject of the entire sentence. The action or state expressed by the accompanying adverbial and the predicate verb occurs at the same time.

'Can't you read?' Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.

She came running towards me.

The children ran out of the room , laughing and talking merrily.

They stood there for an hour, watching the game.

She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.

Traveling by jeep , we visited a number of cities.

Following the guide, they started to climb.

The accompanying adverbial is first of all an adverbial, used to modify the verb, and it is also an expression and a predicate Verbs are simultaneous, that is, the actions accompanying the predicate verb are performed at the same time. For example:

He said it angrily pointing at the notice on the wall.

He said angrily, pointing at the notice on the wall.

Here, point and said are in progress at the same time. Therefore, pointing here is the present participle as an accompanying adverbial, indicating active and ongoing.

Examples:

1 He died doing what made him happiest.

2 He laughed looking at the funny boy.