During the Warring States Period, there were four major Taoist schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School and Huanglao School. Because the Huang-Lao School advocates governing the country according to the law, it has successively become the governing ideology of the three kingdoms of Qi, Chu, and Qin. It has many representative figures and works. There is a saying that "Huang-Lao is the only one who prevails and overwhelms hundreds of schools of thought." However, later on, Huang-Lao Taoism only respected Confucianism and Huang-Lao Taoism. Being suppressed, talents withered, and a large number of works were lost, so the Lao-Zhuang sect became the orthodox Taoist school

1. Yang Zhu

Advocated: Pluck a hair to benefit the world without doing anything. The world worships one person but does not want to

Influence: Yang Mo's words spread all over the world

2. Shen Dao

A native of Zhao during the Warring States Period. In his early years, he learned the art of Huang Lao and gave lectures in Jixia, Qi State. He was very famous. Later, he left Qi State and went to Han Dynasty. It advocates "following the rules", "adhering to the law" and "emphasis on the situation". "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records 42 chapters of "Shenzi", including Legalists, and only 7 fragments of it exist. His famous saying is: "Those who are wise and intelligent are not enough to convince the public, but their power is enough to kill them."

3. Song Dynasty Fight", "Don't forgive me". There used to be eighteen chapters of "Songzi", but they are now lost and only the edited version remains.

4. Yin Wen

A native of Qi. Oppose annexation wars among princes. He believes that "Tao" is "Qi" and clearly puts forward the theory of essence and Qi. And the rationality and inevitability of social division of labor were demonstrated. Other ideas are similar to Song Ling's. There is an existing volume of "Yin Wenzi", which is divided into two parts, "Dao Dao". The first part discusses the theory of form and name, and the second part discusses the way of governing the country.

5. Huanyuan

A native of Chu. Learn the moral skills of Huang Lao (one theory is that Huanyuan is Guan Yin, the same time as Lao Dan). He once lectured at Jixia and wrote thirteen chapters of "Zhao Zi", which were lost early.

6. Lu Buwei

A businessman from the Wei Kingdom during the Warring States Period. He later became the Prime Minister of Qin through political speculation and became a famous politician in the late Warring States Period. He also summoned disciples to compile "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals"

7. Zhuangzi

Advocated relativism and absolute freedom. He wrote the book "Zhuangzi" and was called the leader of a hundred schools of thought

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8. Liezi

Thoughts are unclear, and people comment that "Liezi values ??the Qing Dynasty"

Note: Laozi was from the Spring and Autumn Period, so he is listed here. Of course, this issue is now There is controversy