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The three-layered type of metaphorical argumentation.

Routine features:

Three levels of metaphor analysis throughout the text

This style requires that the opening chapter uses daily life phenomena to metaphor social philosophy and establishes the central argument of the full text. Then use positive examples to demonstrate what each of the metaphors and entities of the illustrative metaphor means. Then analyze the social phenomenon and point out the negative reference; then connect it with reality to prove the central argument positively. Finally, summarize the central argument of the full text.

Routine model:

Li-use common phenomena to metaphor social philosophy and establish the center.

Explanation - List examples, prove the center positively, and explain the meaning of ontology and metaphor.

Analysis - give negative examples and analyze the disadvantages.

Lian-connect with reality and express opinions positively.

Conclusion - deepen the central argument and clarify the main purpose of this article.

Routine formula:

Find the right metaphor to go smoothly, and grasp the "similarity" for easy comparison. One interpretation, two analysis and three connections deepen the understanding of knot making and reveal the true meaning.

The ternary normalization formula of the interpretation class.

Routine features:

Three-yuan unified hypothesis reasoning

"Three-yuan unified" means that the topic is composed of three concepts, and among them At some point they must be unified. For example, the three concepts of "Determination, Work, and Success" are unified by their interaction and form the central argument of the article.

Routine mode:

General - analyze concepts, explain relationships, and put forward arguments.

Points—Prove the relationships explained in the previous article one by one.

In summary - boil it down to one point and make a conclusion.

Solution - Solve the problem and issue a call.

Routine formula:

At the beginning of the analysis, focus on the general point, and on the sub-sections, focus on unification.

The conclusion must be strict, and the call must be based on the theme.

The beginning of the analysis category is the analysis of the purpose.

Characteristics of the routine:

The opening chapter provides a detailed analysis

This style requires getting straight to the point and showing the point of view. Then discuss and analyze them one by one, that is, "analyze each piece."

Routine mode:

Description - briefly describe the comment object and show your point of view.

Comments - quote the original sentences appropriately and comment on them one by one.

Knot - the ending is extended and the philosophy is summarized.

Critical style of argumentation.

Features of the routine:

Discuss with friends and learn from each other

This routine requires that the whole text should be based on "argument" and "argument", and the tone should be genuine and peaceful. The views he holds are clear, yet tinged with discussion and discussion.

Routine mode:

Putting out the other party’s point of view as the content of the entire discussion.

Debate - conduct refutation and analysis. This is the main body of the article, which can be divided into the following layers:

Introduction - citing famous quotes as theoretical basis.

Return - put forward a different point of view from the other party through inductive reasoning, that is, the central point of the full text.

Performance - Use deductive reasoning to spread your opinions from the general to the specific.

Conclusion - reaching a conclusion after repeated arguments to make the other party's argument untenable, thereby achieving the purpose of persuading the other party.

Enlightenment style.

Qi refers to the revelation type, and Sense refers to the impression type. The most common feature is to narrate the material first and then express the thoughts.

The post-reading type allows you to feel something while reading, while the inspiration type is different. It should lead to things first and then make comments. For example, the four-step formula for writing a composition based on materials is composed of four steps: "introduction", "proof", "connection" and "conclusion".

Quoting materials should be brief. The point of view of the article must come from these three materials.

The big step of quoting materials and raising opinions needs to be completed in three small steps: the first step is to use three sentences to point out the meaning of the three materials, that is, the most direct truth; the second step is to summarize the meaning of the three materials ***The same reason - they all talk about the importance of the external environment; the third step is to further extend it and put forward the central argument of the full text - external factors play a major role under certain conditions, and external factors must not be ignored. Instruct students to use the three-step extension method to put forward arguments, and limit the text to no more than 100 words. In about one class, they can roughly overcome the problem of quoting materials and putting forward arguments.

The second step is to prove the arguments made from the materials. This step is easier and is the same topic as the argumentative essay.

The third step is to connect with reality. This step mainly highlights the pertinence of the article, elucidates the special role of external factors on the growth of young people, and points out the important responsibility of society for the growth of young people in a pure environment. This step is often ignored or misunderstood by authors. Guidance should be given carefully and thoughtfully.

The fourth step is to summarize the full text and draw conclusions. On the one hand, the whole society should create a good environment for the growth of teenagers. On the other hand, teenagers should work hard to cultivate the ability to identify the environment, so as to avoid falling into the theory of external causes. dangerous situation.

A five-character essay-type essay.

Characteristics of the routine:

Use the topic to express your feelings, and use A to explain B. Criticize the evils of the times and ridicule unhealthy trends.

Routine mode:

Description - briefly describe the beginning and point out the topic.

Example - Give an example to prove that the word A means B.

Analysis - analyze examples and point out the secrets.

Mocking - to ridicule and criticize.

End - echoes the beginning and satirizes the discussion.

Three major and three minor formulas

The so-called "three major and three minor formulas" refer to the structure of the argumentative essay. The "three major" means that the overall structure of the full text is composed of three parts, namely the introduction, the main thesis, and the conclusion; the "three small" means that the main thesis is generally composed of three small layers. That is to prove the central argument from three different angles. In this way, the full text forms a well-proportioned five-paragraph layout.

To truly make good use of the "three major and three small formulas" also involves three related issues, namely the use of opinion sentences at the beginning of paragraphs, how to establish opinion sentences and the four-level formulas within paragraphs.

(1) The three sub-layers should use point-of-view sentences at the beginning and end of paragraphs. Argumentative essays are meant to reason with people. How can you make your argument the clearest? The best way to structure it is to use opinion sentences at the beginning and end of paragraphs. The so-called opinion sentence is a sentence that can summarize the point of view of this paragraph, this level or this article. It must be instructive, concise and clear, so that people will know the core of this paragraph after reading this sentence.

Paragraph point sentences are mainly used at the beginning of the "three small paragraphs". The opinion sentence at the end of the paragraph is a sublimation of the sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. The opinion sentence at the end of the paragraph must not only be consistent in point of view with the opinion sentence at the beginning of the paragraph, and not only summarize the entire paragraph, but also cannot be a simple repetition of the sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. At least the language form must be changed, or a new one must be used. perspective to summarize the previous discussion. It's like a bunch of long bamboo poles. They can only be carried easily if they are tied at the head and tied at the tail. The point sentences at the beginning and end of the paragraph are like the knots at both ends of the bunch of bamboo, binding the entire paragraph together to form an inseparable whole. The so-called tight structure. That’s what it means.

Using opinion sentences at the beginning and end of paragraphs is a common method used by famous writers, and it is a summary of the successful experience of the paper. It is not only suitable for daily application papers, but also suitable for various examination papers.

(2) Use the decomposition method and the division method to establish the point of view of the paragraph. The so-called decomposition is to decompose the central argument into several sub-arguments. These sub-arguments are not only related to each other and are an integral part of the central argument, but also mutually exclusive. Each one talks about its side. As can be seen from the above examples, the decomposition method is to take apart the central argument and look at which aspects it is related to, and then determine the sub-arguments from which aspects. The so-called division is to change an angle and change a position to look at the same problem. Regardless of decomposition or division, it is a method of determining sub-arguments under the constraints of the central argument. Of course there are many ways to establish sub-arguments.

(3) Use the four-layer style within the section to ensure the sufficiency of the three small layers. An exercise has three major layers of the full text and three small layers of the thesis. This only sets up the framework of the full text. To enrich this framework, we mainly work on the "three small layers", that is, using the four-layer style within the paragraph.

Each of the "three small layers" has a point of view sentence at the beginning and end of the paragraph. This is already two layers. These two layers are the "bones" of the entire section, and the remaining two layers are the "meat" of this section. The other two levels either give examples, use metaphors, or quote a famous quote, etc.