However, do you know Nietzsche? Have you read his works? Most people's understanding of Nietzsche may be limited to his name and Lu Xun's evaluation of him in middle school textbooks: "Nietzsche once called himself the sun, but he was actually a madman." Why? I think, besides the busy factor, it is more important to find a suitable tour guide. In all fairness, the works of philosophers are mostly obscure, and it is difficult for a non-professional student to understand the mystery. I remember borrowing Nietzsche's most famous book Zarathustra in the library during my winter vacation in my junior year. I tasted the taste of reading "gobbledygook" for the first time. I know every word in it, but I don't understand its meaning.
Unwilling, I intend to adopt the strategy of "saving the country by curve", so I began to look for books introducing Nietzsche's thought. Somehow, I met Nietzsche: The Turn of the Century written by Mr. Zhou. This is a good introductory book of Nietzsche, which is not only easy to understand, but also covers Nietzsche's thoughts all his life.
Nietzsche's thought can be summarized by the following key words: Dionysian spirit, strong will, evaluation, creation, ego, irrationality, all value revaluation and superman philosophy.
Nietzsche was influenced by Schopenhauer in his early years and was pessimistic about the whole life. Schopenhauer said: "Life is a collection of desires. If the desire is not satisfied, it will be painful. If it is satisfied, it will be boring. Life will swing between pain and boredom. " However, Nietzsche could not accept the meaningless reality of life, so he put forward the Dionysian spirit he worshipped, that is, to explore the meaning of life from the perspective of tragic art, and the essence of Dionysian spirit is to affirm life. One laughs at not only joy, but also failure, pain and tragedy, which endows him with Dionysian spirit. Strong will is the metaphysical alias of Dionysian spirit. Superman's prototype is Dionysian artist, and reassessing all values means replacing Christian ethical evaluation with aesthetic evaluation that runs through Dionysian spirit. Evaluation itself is a kind of creation.
The crux of modern civilization lies in people's physical and mental illness. Life instinct is exhausted, and the lack of spiritual life makes human nature incomplete and modern people incomplete. Under the double impact of business and entertainment, wealth itself has become an end. For the sake of wealth, people show a blind and crazy effort. As we all know, the blind pursuit of wealth damages the beauty of the body. How can you enjoy wealth without the beauty of your body? Mindless haste makes people feel tired forever. They don't pay attention to elegant manners and noble manners, and there is no quiet meditation when they are alone. Entertainment has become the only pastime, and we will entertain to death.
Lu Xun once said that Nietzsche finally went crazy, and the metaphor seems to mean that Nietzsche's philosophical thought is harmful. In fact, Nietzsche's madness has nothing to do with Superman or his philosophy. But because his family has a genetic disease, and he lived alone for decades, which eventually led to his illness. Case record: Patients like to hug and kiss anyone on the street. Loneliness made Nietzsche crazy, but he finally got rid of loneliness in madness.
This is an era of "self" loss. Reading Nietzsche's book is to find our long-lost self. Finally, I quote Nietzsche as a curtain call: "Come into your loneliness with your love and your creation!" My brother, then justice will limp with you. "
Editor's note:
After Nietzsche, his philosophy has a wide influence and has developed into three schools. First, the Freudian school that relieves the repression of reason and morality on life instinct; The second is the existentialist who carries forward the transcendence of human spirit; Thirdly, the romantics Heidegger and Marcuse held high the banner of artistic revolution.