1. Fighting in the south of the city

Han Dynasty: Anonymous

Fighting in the south of the city, death in the north of Guo, wild death can be eaten without being buried.

Call me a black man: And you are a wealthy guest!

If a wild death is not buried, how can the carrion escape?

The water is deep and agitated, and the pampas grass is dark;

The owl cavalry died in the battle, and the horse wandered and screamed.

Why should Liang build a house to the south? Why north?

If you don’t get grain and millet, how can you eat it? Would you like to be a loyal minister?

Think of your son and a good minister, and a good minister is sincere:

Go to attack in the morning and return home at dusk!

Translation

There were wars in the south and north of the city, and many people died in the wild. The corpses were not buried and crows came to eat them.

Please say to the crow for me: "Please scream for us before eating our foreign warriors!

No one will bury us if we die in the wild. Where are these corpses? How can I escape from your mouth?"

The clear and transparent river water is constantly flowing, and the dense pampas grass looks even more lush.

All the good horses were sacrificed in the battle, while only the bad horses still lingered and wailed on the battlefield.

With fortifications built on the bridge, how will the people on the north and south sides communicate with each other?

What do you eat when no one harvests the crops? Even if you want to become a loyal minister and defend the country, you can't achieve it!

I miss those good soldiers who loyally defended the country. Those loyal and good soldiers are really missed:

They were busy going out to fight at dawn, but they failed to come back together at night.

Appreciation

The war not only pushed countless soldiers to the abyss of death, but also destroyed the entire social production and brought serious disasters to people's lives. The poet expressed his condolences for the dead soldiers. The whole poem is full of a strong tragic atmosphere, but the poem uses romantic expression techniques. In the lyrics, the dead actually speak, which is an example of romantic expression.

2. Joining the Army

Southern and Northern Dynasties: Lu Sidao

The beacon fire in Shuofang shines on the sweet spring, and Chang'an flying generals leave Qilian.

Xiqu Jade Sword is the son of a good family, and he is a young man with a white horse and a golden guard.

In the bright moon, I am stationed in the right place, and in the dusk, the fish and the beautiful fish chase the left Xian.

The stone tiger in the valley holds an arrow, and the golden man on the mountain once offered sacrifices to heaven.

As soon as the end of the world is gone, it is endless, and this door is three thousand miles away.

See the yellow sands of Maling in the morning, and the clouds rising in the formation of Dragon City in the evening.

The strange trees in the courtyard are already worth climbing, but the soldiers outside the Great Wall have not yet returned.

The white clouds have just begun to descend outside the Tianshan Mountains, and the floating clouds are heading straight towards Wuyuan.

The mountain is insurmountable for thousands of miles, who can sit facing Fang Feiyue.

Flowing water breaks people's intestines on its own, but hard ice hurts horse bones.

The objects and flowers in the side courtyard are different, and the frost in winter and autumn never stops.

The long wind blows across the water, and the returning geese reflect in the sky one after another.

After joining the army, the army marched thousands of miles and came out of Longting. Shan Yu has bowed to Wei Bridge. Where can the general find fame?

Translation

The flames of war in the northern frontier have shone on Ganquan Mountain, the former home of the Qin and Han Dynasties. The air generals and soldiers like Li Guang left Chang'an and then left the Qilian Mountain Pass.

The soldiers holding rhinoceros skin shields and ice jade swords are all conscripted sons of good families, and those riding white horses and holding golden reins are all chivalrous young men.

In the early morning, the "Yan Yue" formation was set up at the frontier fortress. As night approached, the "Fish Li" formation was used to defeat Zuo Xian's officials who drove away the Huns.

The valleys where the battles have taken place have left behind stories such as Li Guang’s incredible power when he used stones as tiger arrows to pierce the rocks. On the mountains, there are stories of Han general Huo Qubing disarming the enemy’s offerings to heaven after defeating them. Beautiful biography.

The war was as endless as the end of the world, and the battlefield was three thousand miles away from Jimen (today's north of Beijing).

What I saw in the morning was the rolling yellow sand at Malingguan Pass, and what I saw in the evening was the clouds of military formations at the King's Court of the Huns.

(Before the expedition left) The beautiful trees planted in the courtyard have grown to the size of people, but the relatives who fought outside the Great Wall have not yet returned.

My heart follows my husband as far away as the falling snow outside the Tianshan Mountains in central Xinjiang, and like floating clouds hanging over Wuyuan City in western Inner Mongolia.

And the mountains and passes thousands of miles away are impassable. How can we cope with the clear moonlight alone under the fragrance of flowers?

The time after separation flies by like running water and makes people feel heartbroken. The hard battle and cold outside the Great Wall have repeatedly injured the bones of the war horses.

The solar terms and phenology outside the Great Wall are very different from those in the mainland. Winter and autumn are long and spring is short.

The ever-changing breeze can still accompany the river crossing, and the geese returning south can also continue to pass towards the horizon.

Follow the army and go on an expedition thousands of miles away from the imperial city. Thinking about the fact that Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty in Weiqiao met the Xiongnu Chanyu and made peace and stopped fighting (this happened in 51 BC), where would the generals who wanted to fight but could not go to fight to win glory?

Appreciation

The first half of the poem focuses on shaping the image of the flying general Li Guang. Li Guanglai is used to refer to the soldiers at that time. The writing method not only praises the achievements of Li Guang, a famous general in the Han Dynasty, but also portrays the life of the soldiers at that time. Bring history and reality together.

Starting from "The end of the world is gone", it writes about the lovesickness of soldiers and their wives in two places. "The army marched thousands of miles and came out of the Dragon Court" can be said to be the summary of the whole poem. The Dragon Court was the place where the Xiongnu offered sacrifices, and "come out of the Dragon Court" in the poem pointed out the distance of the expedition. "The Shanyu Wei Bridge has been worshiped now, where can the general find fame?" It means that the Huns have surrendered, where can the general go to make contributions? The implication is: the soldiers from the frontier fortress should be back by now!

In "The Military March", it not only describes the heroic expedition of the soldiers, but also writes about the resentment of the missing wife. It has the unrestrained and vigorous spirit of "The flying general from Chang'an leaves Qilian" and the "young man with a white horse and gold guard", as well as "Who can The beauty and sadness of "Sitting Facing the Fragrant Feiyue" and "Flowing Water Will Break the Heart", the styles of the north and the south have been harmoniously unified in Lu Sidao's "Army March".

3. Battle in the south of the city

Tang Dynasty: Li Bai

Last year the battle was at Sangqianyuan, this year the battle was at Conghe Road.

Washing troops in the waves on the sea, letting horses fly to grass in the snow of Tianshan Mountain.

After a long march of thousands of miles, the three armies are all aging.

The Xiongnu used killing as farming. Since ancient times, only white bones and yellow sand fields have been seen.

The Qin family built a city to avoid the barbarians, while the Han family still had beacons burning.

The flames of war are endless, and there is no end to the war.

When a man dies in a battle in the field, his defeated horse howls to the sky in sorrow.

The black kite pecks at the human intestines and flies up to the dead branches.

The soldiers are careless and the generals are empty.

But those who know that soldiers are deadly weapons must be used by saints as a last resort.

Translation

Last year we fought in Sangganyuan, this year we moved to the banks of Conghe River.

I once washed away the dirt on weapons in the Tiaozhi Sea, and pastured tired war horses on the Tianshan grassland.

These years of continuous galloping thousands of miles south and north in battles have made all the officers and men of our three armies seasoned on the battlefield.

You must know that the Xiongnu’s occupation is killing, just like we grow crops. In the wilderness in their domain, only white bones and yellow sand have been seen since ancient times.

Where the Qin Dynasty built cities and prepared barbarians, the Han Dynasty still had beacons burning.

From ancient times to the present, wars have been raging on the frontier, and there have been endless battles.

The warriors died in the fighting in the field, and the defeated horses wandered on the battlefield and cried to the sky.

The crow held the intestines of the dead person and flew to the dead branches to eat.

The blood of the soldiers painted the weeds red, and the generals achieved nothing in the war.

You must know that soldiers are deadly weapons, and saints only use them when they have no choice but to use them.

Appreciation

This poem criticizes the feudal rulers for being militaristic. This is a narrative poem, but it has a strong lyricism, and things and emotions are intertwined. Each of the three paragraphs ends with two exclamations. Each paragraph is a natural paragraph of the narrative and a natural ups and downs of the emotional melody. Things and emotions work together so harmoniously that the whole poem has a distinct sense of rhythm, which is like "singing three sighs in one song".

4. Yanmen Taishou's Journey

Tang Dynasty: Li He

Black clouds are pressing down on the city to destroy it, and the armor's light opens toward the sun's golden scales. (Towards the sun, one piece: towards the moon)

The sound of horns fills the autumn sky, stuffed with bird's fat and condensed into purple at night. (The first work on the plug: plug the soil)

Half a red flag is facing the Yi River, and the frost is heavy and the cold drum can't make a sound.

Report your favor on the golden stage, support the Jade Dragon and die for you!

Translation

The enemy soldiers rolled in like black clouds, trying to destroy the city wall; the soldiers' armor shone golden in the sunlight.

The sound of the horn resounded through the autumn sky, and the clouds on the horizon outside the Great Wall condensed the night sky into purple.

The red flag is half-rolled, and the reinforcements rush to Yishui; the night is cold and frosty, and the drums sound dull and low.

In order to repay the king's reward and love, he was willing to fight to the death for his country with a sword in his hand.

Appreciation

The first six sentences use heavy colors: black and purple as the base colors, with purple and red as the highlights, making the artistic conception of the poem come into view with a low tone. With the shrill sound of horns and mute drums, a tragic sound is conveyed into people's eardrums. Sound and color set off each other, making the tragic atmosphere more intense and moving.

After completing the atmosphere rendering, the poet lets his protagonist appear. "Report your favor on the Golden Platform, and support the Jade Dragon to die for you." The Golden Platform was built by King Yan Zhao in the southeast of Yishui during the Warring States Period. Legend has it that he once placed a large amount of gold on the platform, indicating that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to recruit scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the imperial court.

5. Yangexing

Tang Dynasty: Gao Shi

In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, there were some guests who returned from the fortress with Zhang Gong, the censor doctor; He wrote "Yan Ge Xing" to show his appropriateness and feel about the conquest and garrison, so he made peace.

The smoke and dust of the Han family are in the northeast, and the Han generals will resign and destroy their families.

A man is naturally proud of himself, but the emperor gives him a lot of honor.

The gold and drums are beaten down to Yuguan, and the jingles meander among the Jieshi.

The school captain Yu Shu flies across the vast sea, and the hunting fire of Shanyu shines on Langshan.

The mountains and rivers are bleak and borderless, and the barbarians riding on the mausoleum are mixed with wind and rain.

The warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tent.

The desert is poor and the grass is stuck in the autumn, and the lonely city is fighting at sunset with few soldiers.

When encountering kindness, one often underestimates the enemy, and even though one has exhausted all his strength, he has not yet rescued the siege. (Often Underestimating the Enemy - One Work: Constantly Underestimating the Enemy)

The iron robes guarded the enemy for a long time, and the jade chopsticks should cry after separation.

The young woman wanted to have her heart broken in the south of the city, so she looked back at Ji Beikong.

It’s possible to enjoy the gentle breeze in the side courtyard, but how much more so in the vast expanse of the vast expanse. (Piao Xi's first work: Piao Piao)

Murderous clouds form at three o'clock, and cold sounds spread throughout the night.

Looking at each other, there is a lot of blood, and death is never considered.

You have not seen the hardships of fighting on the battlefield, but I still remember General Li.

Translation

In the twenty-sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong’s reign in the Tang Dynasty, a man who followed the commander back from the fortress wrote a poem called "Yan Ge Xing" for me to read. I was deeply moved by the war and defense at the frontier, so I wrote this song "Song of the Swallows" in response to him.

Fireworks and smoke were raised on the border of the Tang Dynasty, and dust was rising in the northeast. The generals of the Tang Dynasty resigned from home and went to fight against the cruel border thieves.

The soldiers were invincible on the battlefield, and the emperor gave them generous rewards.

The sound of gongs resounded, the sound of heavy drums and hammers came out of Shanhaiguan in unison, and the flags faced the wind and meandered among the Jieshi Mountains.

The school captain rushed across the vast sea of ????sand with an urgent message, and the Xiongnu Chanyu had reached my Langshan Mountain with his hunting fire.

The mountains and rivers are desolate, desolate and desolate. The barbarian cavalry is fighting with powerful weapons, and the sound is mixed with the wind and rain.

In front of the battle formation, half of the soldiers died and half survived, but the beauty was still singing and dancing in the camp!

It was late autumn, and all the grass outside the Great Desert had withered. The lonely city reflected the setting sun, and the soldiers became increasingly scarce as they fought.

Being deeply benevolent to the royal family, Chang thought of serving the country and undermining the enemy. The frontier fortress had tried its best to break through the siege of the Huns.

I have been wearing iron armor and guarding the remote battlefield for a long time, and my eyes are filled with tears. My husband is far away crying alone.

The young woman lived alone in the south of the city, crying and heartbroken. The expeditionary soldiers stationed in Jibei looked up at the sky and turned around frequently.

The border is so misty and so far away that it’s not easy to come and go, and the far away land is so vast and so inhospitable that there are no people there.

Murderous aura rises like dark clouds in front of the battle array in spring, summer and autumn, and the cold wind sounds like weeping all night long and even makes the eardrums startle.

Looking at each other with white blades flying around and blood flying in the air, we have always been dedicated to serving the country, so why are we still asking for merit?

You haven’t seen how miserable it was to fight on the battlefield, and you are still missing the brave and resourceful General Li.

Appreciation

"Yan Ge Xing" is Gao Shi's masterpiece. It is not only Gao Shi's "first major work" (commented by a recent scholar, Zhao Xi), but also the entire Tang Dynasty. The masterpieces of frontier fortress poetry have been passed down through the ages, and their good deeds are no accident.

The purpose of the poem is to lament the pain of the war, condemn the generals for being proud and underestimating the enemy, for being dissolute and derelict in their duties, resulting in the defeat of the war and causing the soldiers to suffer great pain and sacrifice. It reflects the difference in pain and joy between soldiers and generals, and the difference between solemnity and debauchery. reality. Although the poem describes border wars, the focus is not on ethnic conflicts, but on satirizing and resenting generals who do not care for the soldiers. At the same time, he also wrote about the hard work of defending the country from enemies. The theme is still vigorous, passionate, generous and tragic.