1. Hua Luogeng
In 1946, a certain university in the United States hired the famous mathematician Hua Luogeng as a tenured professor with generous conditions. But he replied: "In order to choose the truth and for the sake of the country and the nation, I want to return to China!" Finally, he returned to Peiping (today's Beijing) with his wife and children. After returning to China, he not only devoted himself to theoretical research, but also traveled to 23 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, using mathematics to solve a large number of practical problems in production, and was known as the "people's mathematician."
In addition, there are the famous geologist Li Siguang, biologist Tong Dizhou, nuclear physicist Qian Xuesen, high-energy physicist Zhang Wenyu, chemist Tang Aoqing... all of them are full of patriotic aspirations. , made great contributions to the country's rejuvenation.
2. The scientist has his homeland Pasteur
Pasteur was an outstanding French scientist in the 19th century and the founder of microbiology. He was famous for his invention of vaccination against infectious diseases. The law has made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases for humans and livestock and poultry raised by humans. For excellence in science. As a result, he enjoyed a high reputation throughout Europe. The University of Bonn in Germany solemnly awarded an honorary degree certificate to this famous scholar. However, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Germany occupied French territory. Out of his deep feelings for his motherland and his great hatred for the invader Germany, Pasteur resolutely returned the honorary degree certificate to the University of Bonn. He said: "Although science has no national borders, scientists have their own motherland." These resounding words fully express the patriotic feelings of a scientist and have therefore become an immortal patriotic saying.
3. Qian Xuesen is devoted to the motherland
In 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. Qian Xuesen, who has been in the United States for nearly 20 years, was extremely excited. On the 6th day after the birth of New China, Qian Xuesen and his wife had a strong idea: to return to the lovely country of Dan and contribute their wisdom and strength to the newly born Republic of China. However, the road back to China was full of twists and turns and hardships, which Qian Xuesen had never expected. This scholar, who is "worth five divisions no matter where he goes," has already packed scientific books and his own research notes into boxes. When I handed it over to a U.S. moving company for shipment back to my country, I encountered difficulties from the U.S. Immigration Service. They intimidated this patriotic scholar in China in every possible way and put him in a detention center, where his personal freedom was extremely restricted. For five years, he almost lived under house arrest. But the many hardships did not dampen the strong will of Qian Xuesen and his wife to return to the motherland. They packed their boxes and were ready to take a flight back to the country at any time every day. In 1955, Qian Xuesen, who had suffered many hardships and was desperate to return home, issued a cry for help to his motherland. The Chinese government came forward to try to rescue him and return to the country through negotiations. Finally in September of this year, after more than five years of struggle, Qian Xuesen and his wife returned to the embrace of the motherland.
4. Boyle - Skeptical Chemist
Boyle Er attaches great importance to experimental research. He believed that only experiment and observation were the basis of scientific thinking. He always illustrated his views through rigorous and scientific experiments. In physics, he studied the color of light, vacuum and air elasticity, and summarized Boyle's gas law; in chemistry, he studied acids, bases and indicators, and qualitatively tested methods for salts. The discussions were quite fruitful. He was the first chemist to use the sap of various natural plants as indicators. He invented litmus solution and litmus paper. He was also the first chemist to clearly define acids and bases, and divided substances into three categories: acids, bases, and salts. He created many methods for qualitative testing of salts, such as testing copper salts by using the blue color of copper salt solution and adding ammonia solution to turn into dark blue (copper ions form copper ammonia complex ions with sufficient ammonia water); using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid Mixing silver solutions can produce white precipitates to test silver salts and hydrochloric acid. Boyle's inventions have such a long-lasting vitality that we still often use these oldest methods today. Boyle also did many experiments in the determination of material composition and purity, and the study of material similarities and differences. In "A Brief Review of the History of Experimental Research on Mineral Waters" published in 1685, he described a set of methods for identifying substances and became a pioneer of qualitative analysis.
In 1670, Boyle suffered a stroke due to fatigue. After that, his health fluctuated. When he was unable to conduct research in the laboratory, he devoted himself to organizing the knowledge he had gained from practice and reasoning over the years. Knowledge. As long as the body feels a little light, he goes to the laboratory to do his experiments or writes papers and has fun doing so. In 1680, he was elected president of the Royal Society, but he declined the honor. Although he was born into a noble family, his lifelong passion was working and living in scientific research. He never married and devoted his life to the exploration of natural sciences. On December 30, 1691, this scientist who laid the foundation for chemical science in the 17th century died in London. Engels once made the most noble evaluation of him: "Boyle established chemistry as a science."
5. Priestley - the father of gas chemistry
1774 Priestley put mercury soot (mercury oxide) in a glass dish and heated it with a condenser, and found that it quickly decomposed into gas. He originally thought that the gas released was air, so he used the gas collection method to collect the gas produced and conducted research. He found that the gas made the candle burn more vigorously, and he felt very relaxed and comfortable breathing it.
He produced oxygen and experimentally proved that oxygen has the properties of assisting combustion and respiration. But because he was a stubborn believer in phlogistonism and still believed that air was a single gas, he also called this gas "dephlogistonated air", whose properties were only different from the "air saturated with phlogiston" (nitrogen) discovered earlier. The difference lies in the content of phlogiston, so the combustion-supporting ability is different. In the same year, he visited Europe and exchanged many chemical views with Lavoisier in Paris. He also told Lavoisier about the experiment of using a condenser to decompose mercury ash, which benefited Lavoisier a lot. Lavoisier repeated Priestley's experiments on oxygen, connected them with a large number of precise experimental materials, conducted scientific analysis and judgment, and revealed the true connection between combustion and air. However, until 1783, when Lavoisier's theory of combustion and oxidation was generally accepted as correct, Priestley still did not accept Lavoisier's explanation. He still insisted on the wrong phlogiston theory and wrote many articles against it. Lavoisier's insights. This is an interesting fact from the history of chemistry. A man who discovered oxygen became an opponent of the oxidation theory. However, Priestley's discovery of oxygen was an important factor in the subsequent flourishing of chemistry. Therefore, chemists from all over the world still respect Priestley.
In 1791, because he sympathized with the French Revolution, he gave several propaganda speeches for the revolution. However, he was persecuted by some people, his home was confiscated, and his books and experimental equipment were burned. He escaped alone and took refuge in London, but it was difficult to stay in London for long. In 1794, at the age of sixty-one, he had to emigrate to the United States. Continue to pursue scientific research in the United States. Died of illness in 1804. People in Britain and the United States respect him very much, and there is a full-length statue of him in Britain. In the United States, the house where he lived has been built as a memorial, and the Priestley Medal named after him has become the highest honor in American chemistry.
6. Marie Curie
Marie Curie (Marie Curie) was a French-Polish physicist and chemist.
In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a car accident. This heavy blow did not make her give up her persistent pursuit. She endured her grief and worked harder to complete their beloved scientific career. She continued the lectures given by her husband at the University of Paris and became the first female professor at the school. In 1910, her famous book "On Radioactivity" was published. With Mu, she collaborated with others to analyze pure metal radium and measure its properties. She also determined the half-lives of oxygen and other elements and published a series of important treatises on radioactivity. In view of the above-mentioned major achievements, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, becoming the first great scientist in history to win the Nobel Prize twice.
The founder of radioactive science, who had experienced the ups and downs of science, became ill due to years of hard work and suffered from pernicious anemia (leukemia). She unfortunately passed away on July 4, 1934. She contributed greatly to the scientific cause of mankind. , dedicated a glorious life.
7. Biologist Tong Dizhou angrily denounced Pino
When the famous scholar Tong Dizhou was studying abroad, the Russians who lived with him Pino said provocatively: "Mr. Tong, it's so hard. As soon as I saw you, I thought of your country, the sick man of East Asia..." Tong Dizhou stood up and said, "You are not allowed to insult my motherland! You can represent Your country, I will represent my country. From tomorrow on, let’s see who among us gets the degree first!” Pino was speechless. Four years later, Tong Dizhou obtained his doctorate and was praised by the European biological community. He won honor for himself and for his motherland.
8. Tan Kah Kee
The patriotic overseas Chinese Tan Kah Kee traveled across the ocean to do business at the age of 17. After a miserable life, he eventually became a wealthy man in Southeast Asia. In the autumn of 1919, Tan Kah Kee, who was wealthy and returned to his hometown, decided to set up a school in his hometown, and successively opened a primary school, a middle school, and a normal school. In response to the British's difficulties, he firmly stated: "Businesses can close down. Schools must not be suspended." He sold his property and insisted on continuing to run the school.
Tan Kah Kee actively supported Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary behavior. He once raised more than 200,000 yuan to help regain Fujian. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he provided as much financial and material help as possible. From 1937 to 1940, the total amount of donations raised by Mr. Chen for the Anti-Japanese War reached 3 billion yuan.
In terms of personal life, he never spends money carelessly, he is frugal and a vegetarian. On his deathbed, he dedicated his inheritance of more than 3 million yuan to the country.
For decades, Tan Kah Kee has expressed the patriotism of an overseas Chinese with practical actions.