The representative figures and main ideas in the Hundred Schools of Thought are as follows

1. Confucianism: the founder is Confucius. The core of his theory is "benevolence" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." Confucius pioneered private teaching, advocating "education without distinction", attaching importance to moral education, especially personal cultivation, emphasizing caring for others and using social norms to restrain one's behavior.

2. Mohist School: The founder is Mozi·. Mozi's ideas are diametrically opposed to Confucianism. Opposing the system of worldly ministers and nobles, advocating the promotion of meritocracy, and emphasizing talents when appointing officials, breaking the old concept of hierarchy, so that "officials are not always noble, but people are never humble"

3. Taoist school: the founder is Lao Tzu. Laozi's philosophy contains rich dialectical thoughts. It points out that everything has two contradictory aspects; the two contradictory aspects can transform into each other, and the way of transformation is to "keep silence". In politics, "governing by inaction" is advocated. Inaction means not to act rashly, not to act recklessly, and to do whatever you want. The representative figure of Taoism during the Warring States Period was Zhuang Zhou.

4. Legalist school: This school represents the interests of the emerging landlord class. Early representatives include Li Mi and Wu Qi. , Shang Yang·, Shen Buhai and others. Han Fei is the eldest disciple of "Gou Zi". He was a classmate of Li Si and was born into a noble family in Korea. He is a famous representative of Legalism. The book "Han Fei Zi" is his summary of early Legalist thoughts. Han Fei paid attention to absorbing the differences of Legalism. The strength of the school is that it puts forward a theory of the rule of law that combines "law, technique" and "potential".

5. Military School: The originator of this school is Sun Wu, an outstanding military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. . The famous military books at that time included "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Tzu's Art of War". "The Art of War" is a classic military book written by Sun Wu. Military famous sayings such as "Know yourself and the enemy, and you will be invincible in a hundred battles" come from this book. Today this book also enjoys a high reputation in the world, and many Western military schools have listed it as a textbook. During the Warring States Period, Sun Pi, a descendant of Sun Wu, inherited and carried forward his military thoughts and wrote "Sun Bin's Art of War". They were called military strategists at that time

6. School of Famous Scholars: This school sprouted in the late Spring and Autumn Period, with Deng Xi, a doctor of the State of Zheng, as its pioneer. As a school of thought, famous scholars do not have the same opinions. They are limited to the same research objects, and each theory is very different. There are two main factions: "Contract Yi" and "Li Jianbai". "Contract Different" emphasizes the unity of things, and "Li Jianbai" emphasizes the differences of things. At the end of the Warring States Period, the late Mohist school corrected the one-sidedness of the two and put forward the view of "hard and white complement each other". Gouzi also emphasized that "making names to refer to reality

The main representatives of famous scholars include Hui Shi and Gongsun Dragon. Person: The founder is unknown, but Deng Xi, a doctor of the State of Zheng, was the pioneer

7. Yin-Yang School

The Yin-Yang School was a philosophical school that flourished from the late Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty. Chinese Zou Yan is its founder. The Yin-Yang theory is called "Yin-Yang theory", and its core content is "Yin-Yang and the Five Elements". The Yin-Yang theory is one of the most important philosophical thoughts of the Chinese nation. Sima Qian called Yin-Yang in "Historical Records". The scholar's knowledge "looks deeply at the news of yin and yang and makes strange changes". "Lü Shi Chun Qiu", "Huai Nan Zi" and "Chun Qiu Fan Lu" are directly affected by Zou Yan's theory. It is worth noting that "Zhou Yi" is not. The concepts of yin and yang and tai chi were put forward. The book "Yi Zhuan" that talked about yin and yang and tai chi was influenced by Taoism and yin and yang schools.

The yin and yang school of thought combines the ancient mathematical thinking with the theory of yin and yang and the five elements. It further developed and constructed a large-scale universe schema, trying to explain the causes of natural phenomena and their changing laws.

Representative figure: Gongsun Long

8. Heng Zongjia

The Heng family was listed as one of the "Nine Streams" in "Hanshu Yiwenzhi". Later, those who carried out political activities based on their eloquence were called "Zonghengjia".

Zonghengjia means He Zonglian. Heng. During the Qin Dynasty and the Chu Dynasty, they had no fixed agenda and were capricious. Their plans were mainly based on the political needs of the country. The main representative of the Hezong faction was Su Qin, and the main representative of the Lianheng faction was from "Zizhi Tongjian·Zhou". "The thirty-sixth year of King Xian's reign" "Zhang Yi, a native of Wei, worked with Mr. Guigu together with Su Qin"

9. Zajia

Zajia, Chinese philosophy from the late Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty. The school is known for its ability to learn from various schools of thought. It is characterized by "combining Confucianism and Mohism, and combining the teachings of all schools of thought." "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" lists it as one of the "Nine Streams". The emergence of Zajia was the result of the integration of ideology and culture during the establishment of a unified feudal country.

Miscellaneous works are represented by "Zi Zi" in the Warring States Period, "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" in the Qin Dynasty, and "Huainan Zi" in the Western Han Dynasty. They were collected by the disciples of Shang Yang's disciples, Xi Jiao, Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei, and Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Han Dynasty. Eclectic, but a bit complex. And because Zajia's works are all based on Taoist thoughts, some people think that Zajia is actually a new Taoist school. The "Miscellaneous Family" is not a conscious and inherited school of thought, so it does not claim to be a "Miscellaneous Family" school. In "Za Jia Lei Xu", Ji Yun believed that "the broad meaning of Za is all-encompassing." Mr. Hu Shi pointed out in his "Long Edition of the History of Medieval Chinese Thought": Zajia is the predecessor of Taoism, and Taoism is the new name of Zajia. Taoism before the Han Dynasty can be called Zajia, and Zajia after the Qin Dynasty should be called Taoism. Those who study the intellectual history between the pre-Qin and Han dynasties must recognize this important fact. "The representatives of the Zajia family are Liu An, the king of Huainan ("Huainanzi"), and Lu Buwei, who compiled "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals". The Zajia family is not very prominent in history, although it is known as 'both Confucianism and Mohism, and legalism',' "All schools of thought are comprehensive", in fact not many ideas have been handed down, and there are not many traces in the history of thought. Modern science is becoming more and more refined, and the title "Miscellaneous School" now basically means that this person has no ideas. Professional ability means knowing a little bit about everything, but not being proficient in anything.

Representative: Lu Buwei

10. Farmhouse

Nongjia, also known as "farmhouse". "Liu" is an academic school that reflects agricultural production and farmers' thoughts in the pre-Qin period. It regards Shen Nong as its ancestor, and its ancestors wrote about Shen Nong and advocated encouraging people to cultivate mulberry trees to provide enough food and clothing." As Confucianism emphasized commercial agriculture, farmers declined rapidly after the mid-Han Dynasty. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" lists it as one of the "Nine Streams".

Representative: Xu Xing