Chinese celebrities

Edit this paragraph’s introduction to Ji Xianlin

Ji Xianlin, also known as Xibu and Qizang. Famous paleographer, historian, Orientalist, thinker, translator, Buddhist scholar, and writer. He is fluent in 12 languages. He once served as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vice President of Peking University, and Director of the Institute of South Asia, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Born on August 6, 1911 in Kangzhuang Town, Linqing City, Shandong Province.

Professor of Peking University, chairman of the Academic Committee of the Chinese Academy of Culture, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese linguist, literary translator, Sanskrit and Pali expert, and writer. He has made many achievements in research on the history of Indian language and literature.

Grandfather Ji Laotai, father Ji Silian, mother Zhao, a farmer. Uncle Ji Sicheng. When he was young, he became literate with Ma Jinggong.

At the age of 6, he went to Jinan to join his uncle Ji Sicheng. Entered a private school to study. After he was 7 years old, he studied in Xinyu Primary School attached to Shandong Provincial First Normal School. At the age of 10, I started learning English. At the age of 12, he was admitted to Zhengyi Middle School and transferred to the High School Affiliated to Shandong University six months later. I started learning German in high school and became interested in foreign literature. At the age of 18, he transferred to Jinan Provincial High School. The Chinese teacher was Dong Qiufang, who was also a translator. "The reason why I have been writing and writing for fifty or sixty years, and even now, when I am almost octogenarian, I still can't put down my pen, is all because of the gift of Teacher Dong. I will never forget it."

In 1930, the examination Department of Western Literature, Tsinghua University, majoring in German. He studied Eastern and Western poetry, English, and Sanskrit under Wu Mi and Ye Gongchao, and also took elective courses on Buddhist scripture translation literature by Professor Chen Yinke, literary psychology by Zhu Guangqian, Tang and Song poetry by Yu Pingbo, and Tao Yuanming poetry by Zhu Ziqing. He became friends with his classmates Wu Zuxiang, Lin Geng, and Li Changzhi, and became known as the "Four Musketeers". Among the classmates was Hu Qiaomu. I like "pure poetry", such as French Verlaine and Mallarmé. Verhaeren, Belgium, as well as parallel prose of the Six Dynasties, works by Li Yishan and Jiang Baishi. He has translated the works of Dreiser and Turgenev. During college, he received a scholarship from the Qingping County Government in his hometown for his excellent academic performance.

In September 1935, according to the postgraduate exchange agreement between the School of Liberal Arts of Tsinghua University and Germany, Tsinghua recruited graduate students to go to Germany for a period of three years. Ji Xianlin was admitted and immediately went to Germany. Traveling with Qiao Guanhua in Berlin and the United States. In October, he arrived in G?ttingen and met overseas students Zhang Yong, Tian Dewang and others. Entering the University of G?ttingen, "I dream that when I am in G?ttingen... I can read some books and read some words that have had glory in ancient times and this glory will never be extinguished." "I don't know if I can capture Live this dream." ("Ten Years in Germany")

In the spring of 1936, Ji Xianlin chose Sanskrit. He believes that "Chinese culture is greatly influenced by Indian culture. I want to conduct a thorough study on Sino-Indian cultural relations and maybe I can make some discoveries." Therefore, "you have to read Sanskrit". "I have finally found the path I want to follow throughout my life. I have been walking along this path for more than half a century until now, and I will continue to walk on it." ("Eleven Years in Germany") "Fate allows I strengthened my belief." Ji Xianlin majored in Indology at the Sanskrit Institute of the University of G?ttingen, studying Sanskrit and Pali. Select English Linguistics and Slavic Linguistics as minor departments, and add Yugoslavian Literature. Ji Xianlin studied under Professor Waldschmidt, the host of the "Sanskrit Lecture" and a famous Sanskrit scholar, and became his only lecturer. With more than 40 classes in one semester, Ji Xianlin studied extremely diligently. The three thick volumes of the Buddhist scripture "Major Events" were written in mixed Sanskrit. He raced against time and devoted himself to reading and writing.

From December 1940 to February 1941, Ji Xianlin received 4 "excellences" in thesis defense and examinations in Indology, Slavic languages, and English, and received a doctorate. Due to the war in Fang Yin, there was no way to return home, so he had to stay in Ge City. In October, he served as a teacher at the Institute of Sinology at the University of G?ttingen, while continuing to study Buddhist mixed Sanskrit and published a number of important papers in the "Proceedings of the G?ttingen Academy of Sciences". "This was the golden period of my life's academic life, and it has never happened since. The years of "postdoctoral" were just before the collapse of fascism. Germany was short of material, and the foreigner Ji Xianlin was inevitably struggling "in the hell of hunger", and The common people in Germany also suffered from the disaster of war. As an overseas traveler, they have a deep love for their hometown. They feel that "when the world is endless, there is only endless love." The thoughts of the motherland and family affection are lingering day by day, and "I look forward to the gray." "The sky, in the light of tears, phantoms the face of my mother."

Received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of G?ttingen in 1941. Later, he studied Tocharian under the tutelage of the linguist E. Sick.

In October 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, he hurriedly packed up and headed east via Switzerland. "It was like a spring dream, and ten years flew by." In 1980, 35 years after leaving G?ttingen, Ji Xianlin led the Chinese Social Science delegation to revisit G?ttingen and visit his 83-year-old teacher Waldschmidt. The meeting was like a dream and he later wrote a touching essay "Return to G?ttingen".

In May 1946, he arrived in Shanghai and went to Nanjing, where he met Li Changzhi again. After being introduced by Li, he met the essayist Liang Shiqiu and the poet Zang Kejia. In Nanjing, he visited his mentor Chen Yinke at Tsinghua University. Chen recommended him to teach at Peking University. Met with Fu Sinian, the acting president of Peking University, who was in Nanjing. In autumn, he returned to Peking and met with Tang Yongtong, dean of the School of Liberal Arts of Peking University.

From 1946 to 1983, he was employed as professor and director of the Department of Oriental Languages ??and Literature at Peking University. Create this department at Peking University.

Among his colleagues are Arabic linguist Ma Jian and Indologist Jin Kemu. After liberation, he continued to serve as professor and director of the Department of Eastern Languages ??and Literatures at Peking University, engaged in departmental affairs, scientific research and translation work. Published German-Chinese translations include the German "Anna Seghers Short Stories" (1955), and Sanskrit literary works include Indian Kalidasa's "Shakuntala" (play, 1956), Indian Ancient Chinese translations The collection of fables and stories "Five Volumes" (1959), the Indian Kalidasa "Urivashi" (script, 1962), etc., and academic works include "History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations" (1957), " "A Brief History of India" (1957), "Indian National Uprising 1857-1859" (1985), etc. In February 1956, he was appointed as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1954, 1959 and 1964, he was elected as a member of the second, third and fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. As a Chinese cultural envoy, he has visited India, Myanmar, East Germany, the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Egypt, Syria and other countries. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was brutally persecuted by the "Gang of Four" and their minions from Peking University. He came back in 1978 and continued to serve as the chairman of the Department of Eastern Languages ??and Literatures at Peking University, and was appointed vice president of Peking University and director of the Institute of South Asian Studies at Peking University. Elected as a member of the 5th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1983, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress.

In 1956, he served as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as a member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and leader of the Foreign Language and Literature Evaluation Group, President of the Second Chinese Linguistic Society, and President of the China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association. Honorary president of the Chinese Ethnic Ancient Script Research Association, representative and standing committee member of the 6th National People's Congress, member of the editorial committee of "Encyclopedia of China" and director of the editorial committee of "Language and Script Volume", etc. His academic achievements are most prominently reflected in his considerable achievements in the study of medieval Indo-European languages. His major works include: "Conjugations of Finite Verbs in the Verse "The Great Event"" (1941, a systematic summary of various morphological adjustments of mixed Sanskrit verbs used in the Theravada Buddhist scripture "The Great Event" verse), "Medieval Indian Languages" "The transformation of the final -am into -o and -u" (in 1944, it was discovered and proved that the transformation of the final -am into -o and -u is one of the characteristics of Gandhara, a dialect of northwest India in the Middle Ages), " "Language Problems of Primitive Buddhism" (1985) (demonstrates the existence of primitive Buddhist scriptures, clarifies the language policy of primitive Buddhism, examines the historical origin and characteristics of Buddhism's mixing of Sanskrit, etc.), "Prince Fuli's Karma Sutra" "Various Versions of the Hora Text" (1943) (creating a successful semantic research method), "Collection of Ancient Indian Languages" (1982), etc. As a literary translator, his main translations include: "Shakundala" (1956), "The Five Books" (1959), "Urivashi" (1959), and "Ramayana" (7 volumes, 1980-1984), "Anna Seghers Short Stories", etc. As a writer, his main works include "The Shadow of Tianzhu" (1980), "The Collection of Langrun" (1981), "Collected Prose of Ji Xianlin" (1987), "Miscellaneous Memories of the Cowshed", etc.

From 1978 to 1984, he concurrently served as Vice President of Peking University. His works have been compiled into "Collected Works of Ji Xianlin", with 24 volumes.

In 1988, he served as Chairman of the Academic Affairs Committee of the Chinese Culture Academy. He has visited Germany, Japan, and Thailand as a scholar.

Mr. Ji has taught at Peking University for many years and has profound attainments in linguistics, culture, history, Buddhism, Indology and comparative literature. He has researched and translated Sanskrit works and German and English works. He has written many classics from other countries, and now he continues to read and write every day even in the ward.

Mr. Ji Xianlin is admired not only for his knowledge, but also for his character. He said: Even in the most difficult times, he never lost his conscience. In his book, he is not only a portrayal of the old man's personal life, but also a reflection of the history of Chinese intellectuals in the past hundred years. Mr. Ji Xianlin's much-watched "Miscellaneous Notes on the Sickbed" has recently been released to the public. In the book, Mr. Ji Xianlin uses lucid words to clarify for the first time how he views the three titles of "Master of Chinese Studies", "Leader in Academic Circles" and "National Treasure" that have been "added" to him by the outside world in recent years. He said: "The lifting of three laurels gave me freedom. The foam on my body was washed away, and my true face was revealed. Everyone was happy."

The academic positions he has held since the late 1970s include: : Vice President of the Chinese Foreign Literature Society (1978), President of the Chinese South Asia Society (1979), Honorary President of the Chinese Ethnology and Ancient Characters Society (1980), President of the China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association (1981), Chinese Linguistic Society President (1983), Vice President of China Dunhuang Turpan Society (1983), Executive Director of Chinese History Society (1984), Vice President of China Higher Education Society (1984), Director of Chinese Writers Society (1985), Honorary President of the Chinese Comparative Literature Society (1985), President of the Chinese Oriental and African Society (1990), etc. In April 1998, "Miscellaneous Memories of the Cowshed" was published (drafted from March 1988 to April 1989, finalized in June 1992). The publishing industry believes that "this is a book bought with blood and tears and written with tears. This is the best gift left to future generations by a great master."

Ji Xianlin's academic research, in his own words, is: "The research on Sanskrit, Buddhism, and Tocharian literature are simultaneously developed, and the research on Chinese literature, comparative literature, and literary theory are flying together."

I was once moved by "2006" One of the "China" award-winning figures

Ji Xianlin is a famous contemporary linguist, essayist and expert on Eastern culture. He is knowledgeable about the past and present and is known as the "academic leader".

Joined in 1956 Communist Party of China.

In 1930, he was admitted to the Department of Spanish at Tsinghua University in Beijing.

After graduating in 1934, he taught at Jinan Shandong Provincial High School.

In 1935, he was admitted as an exchange graduate student at Tsinghua University and went to Germany to study Sanskrit, Pali, Tocharian and other ancient languages ??at the University of G?ttingen.

Received a doctorate in philosophy in 1941. >

He returned to China in 1946 and served successively as professor and director of the Department of Oriental Languages ??and Literature at Peking University.

The scope of Ji Xianlin’s academic research includes:

1. Especially Buddhist Sanskrit

2. Tocharian Literature

3. Ancient Indian Literature

4. History of Indian Buddhism

5. History of Chinese Buddhism

6. History of Buddhism in Central Asia

7. History of Sino-Indian Cultural Exchanges

9. History of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries

10. Differences and differences between Chinese and Western cultures

11. Aesthetics and ancient Chinese literary theory

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