stephen william hawking was born on January 8th, 1942. He graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge University, and received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. At the age of 21, he was unfortunately suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, which caused muscle atrophy, so he was confined to a wheelchair with only two fingers to move. In 1985, he had a tracheotomy because of pneumonia, and was completely deprived of the function of speaking. The speech and question-and-answer could only be completed by a speech synthesizer. In 1972, he examined the quantum effect near the black hole and found that the black hole would emit radiation like a blackbody, and the temperature of the radiation was inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, so that the black hole would gradually become smaller due to radiation, but the temperature would get higher and higher, and finally it would end in an explosion. The discovery of black hole radiation is of great significance, which unifies gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.
after p>1974, his research turned to the theory of quantum gravity. Although people haven't got a successful theory, some of its characteristics have been discovered. For example, space-time is not flat on the Planck scale (1-33 cm), but in a state of powder. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, and the causality is destroyed, so the unknowability is raised from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity.
Stephen Dashan Hawking
After p>198, Hawking's interest turned to quantum cosmology.
however, in July 24, he corrected his original viewpoint of "black hole paradox", and information should be persistent.
The subtitle of this book is from the Big Bang to the Black Hole. Stephen Dashan Hawking believes that his life contribution is in the framework of classical physics, which proves the inevitability of black holes and big bang singularities, and black holes are getting bigger and bigger. However, in the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes became smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang was not only smoothed out by quantum effects, but also the whole universe started here.
the details of theoretical physics will change in the next 2 years, but as far as the concept is concerned, it is quite complete now.
Stephen Dashan Hawking's life is very legendary. He is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in terms of scientific achievements. His contribution was made when he was confined to a wheelchair by Lugar's disease for 2 years, which is truly unprecedented. His contribution has a far-reaching impact on the concept of human beings, so the media has long had many descriptions about how he struggled with total paralysis. So, God is fair to everyone. He has physical defects, but his mind is very clever! Nevertheless, the scene when one of the translators (Wu Zhongchao) first met him in 1979 is still vivid. It was the first time I attended the seminar of Hawking's group on general relativity in Cambridge. As soon as the back door was opened, a very weak electric sound suddenly sounded behind my head. Looking back, I saw a scrawny man reclining in an electric wheelchair, driving the electric switch himself. The translator tries to be polite without being too surprised, but he is used to being surprised by the degree of disability of people who meet him for the first time. It takes him a lot of effort to hold his head up. Before he lost his voice, he could only talk in a very weak deformed language, which could only be understood after working and living with him for several months. He can't write, reading must rely on a machine that turns pages. When reading literature, he must have each page spread out on a big desk, and then he drives a wheelchair to read page by page like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. People have to pay deep respect to the soul of human beings who pursue the ultimate truth with such a strong will. From his help to the translator's private affairs, we can realize that he is a human being. Every day, he has to drive a wheelchair from his home, No.5 Cambridge West Road, through the beautiful Jianhe River and the ancient King's College to the office of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in Silver Street. The department specially built a slope for the convenience of his wheelchair. Hawking is very optimistic, although he is physically disabled but not mentally disabled.
He also proved the area theorem of black holes. In Cambridge University, which is rich in academic tradition, his position is the most lofty professorship in the history of Cambridge University. That is Lucas Professor of Mathematics who was once held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is the youngest member of the Royal Society. In the public evaluation, he is regarded as one of the most outstanding theoretical physicists after Albert Einstein. He proposed that BIGBANG started from the singularity, and the black hole would eventually evaporate from this moment, which was an important step in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 2th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory.
He was confined to a wheelchair for 4 years because of the "gradual freezing disease" (Lugar's disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), but he was physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even slur his words, but he transcends the theories of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly to the vast space-time and solved the mystery of the universe.
Hawking's charm lies not only in his legendary physical genius, but also in his convincing life strength. His scientific spirit of constant pursuit and his brave and tenacious personality strength deeply attracted everyone who knew him. Suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, he is almost paralyzed and unable to pronounce, but he still published A Brief History of Time in 1988, and has sold more than 25 million copies so far, making him one of the best-selling popular science works in the world.
He is praised by the world as "the greatest scientist alive", "another Einstein", "an out-and-out strong man in life", "a man who dares to challenge his destiny" and "the king of the universe".
Early
Hawking was born in Oxford, England in 1942, which happened to be the 3th anniversary of Galileo's death. His father Frank was an expert in tropical diseases who graduated from Oxford University, and his mother Isabel studied philosophy, politics and economy in Oxford in 193s.
in January, 1942, the Nazi Germans bombed England indiscriminately, and London was attacked almost every night. This forced the Hawkins to leave their homes in Heigert and take refuge in Oxford. They returned to London after Hawking was born. As a child, Hawking's academic performance was not outstanding, but he liked to design extremely complicated toys. It is said that he once made a simple computer.
In p>1959, at the age of 17, Hawking entered the University College of Oxford University to study natural science, claiming that it took him very little time to get a first-class honorary degree, and then transferred to Cambridge University to study cosmology. In 1963, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, that is, motor neuropathy. At that time, doctors diagnosed that he could only live for two years. Although he survived, he gradually became paralyzed and lost his ability to speak in the next few decades.
Hawking once clarified that he didn't drink alcohol at that time, only felt that he had a "tragic character" and indulged himself in Wagner's music. Until he met his first wife, Jane Wilde, and they got married and had three children. At the age of 23, he received a Ph.D. degree from Cambridge University and stayed at Cambridge University for research. In April 27, Hawking experienced zero gravity on the plane.
p>While theres life,there is hope. ("There is hope if you live." )
Stephen Hawking-Famous sayings
When you are faced with the possibility of dying, you will realize that life is precious and you have a lot to do.
-----------Stephen Hawking
I dare not bet with my colleagues about the controversy about space-time physics, because I am afraid that they are future people coming through the wormhole, and they know the standard answer clearly.
-Hawking
Prostitutes and scientists are the two best professions.
-Hawking
In my opinion, the next century will be a century of complexity
-Hawking
Every equation will cut the sales of books by half!
----------Hawking
God makes both geniuses and fools, which does not depend on talent, but is the result of different levels of personal efforts.
-Hawking
You can't be physically and mentally disabled at the same time
-Hawking
No matter how bad the fate is, people should always do something. Where there is life, there is hope.
-Hawking
If a person has no dreams, he is dead.
-Hawking
As a child, Hawking, a scientist, didn't seem to have a strong learning ability. He learned to read very late, and he never made the top 1 in his class after school. Moreover, because his homework was always "untidy", his teachers thought he was "hopeless" and his classmates regarded him as the object of ridicule. When Hawking was 12 years old, two boys in his class bet with a bag of candy that he would never succeed, and his classmates ironically nicknamed him "Einstein". Who knows, after more than 2 years, the little boy who was not outstanding in that year really became a master in physics. What is the reason?
It turns out that as he grew older, Hawking became interested in how everything works. He often took things apart to get to the bottom of it, but when he put them back together, he was helpless. However, his parents didn't punish him for it, and his father even took him as a "coach" in mathematics and physics. At the age of thirteen or fourteen, Hawking found himself very interested in the study of physics. Although middle school physics is too easy and simple, it is particularly boring, but he thinks it is the most basic science, which is expected to solve the problem of where people come from and why they are here. Since then, Hawking has started a real scientific exploration.