Zhuge Liang was a famous politician, strategist and thinker in the Three Kingdoms period. He was a strategist and prime minister of Shu. He was busy with government affairs, but he did not forget to teach his descendants and nephews. His letters, such as Commandments, Other Commandments and Commandments for My Nephew, were included in Taiping Yulan and Zhuge Jiliang, and were collectively called "Zhuge Liang Letters" by later generations.
The original text of the Ten Commandments
A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. You can't work hard if you are slow, and there is no rule of law if you are in danger. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen?
Interpretation of the Ten Commandments;
This article was written in the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (234). It was a letter written by Zhuge Liang to his eight-year-old son Zhuge Zhan in his later years. Zhuge Liang dedicated his life to the country and died. He worked hard day and night for the sake of Shu Han and neglected to educate his son personally, so he wrote this letter to warn Zhuge Zhan. The full text is just 86 words, expounding the profound truth of dedication, self-cultivation and scholarship, which is thought-provoking.
When Zhuge Liang wrote this book, he earnestly warned his son with the quality requirements of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" that ancient sages should have. With the mind and vision of a politician, combined with his own personal experience, he asked future generations to start with self-cultivation and virtue, be inspirational and work hard, and prepare for serving the country and making contributions in the future.
Zhuge Liang pointed out in his letter that "indifference" and "tranquility" are the prerequisites for cultivating noble sentiments and establishing lofty aspirations. He also clarified the relationship between learning and success, and affirmed that talent and learning are acquired through acquired learning. Zhuge Liang also emphasized that "slowness" and "rashness" are the enemies of self-cultivation and inspirational, thus further affirming the importance of "indifference" and "tranquility". Finally, Zhuge Liang specially warned future generations not to idle away their time, but to "learn from the world" and apply what they have learned, otherwise they will be sad and regret. Zhuge Liang's words in this letter are all wise words summed up from his life experience, which still have very positive practical educational significance and are regarded as mottoes by many people.
In this book of commandments, there is the power of tranquility: "quiet to cultivate one's morality" and "no peace is far away"; Have the power of thrift: "frugality and morality"; Have detached power: "not at home, absent-minded"; Have the power of eager to learn: "if you calm down and study, you must study"; Inspirational power: "no learning and no skills, no learning and no skills"; The power of speed: "If you are slow, you can't work hard"; Strength of character: "Danger can't cure sex"; Have the power to cherish time: "Time goes with the times, meaning goes with time"; The power of imagination: "If you become withered, you will not meet this world, you will stay in poverty, where will you recover?" ... the article is short and pithy, with fresh and elegant words, unpretentious reasoning and approachable.
Zhuge Liang's commandments written to his son Zhuge Zhan in his later years can be memorized by heart from Zhuge Village to ancient and rare old people to naive children. It is a compulsory course for local Zhuge primary school, and the couplets posted by villagers are often famous sayings and aphorisms. The Commandment is not only a family instruction of Zhuge family, but also a treasure in China's traditional family rules, which gives profound educational enlightenment to future generations.
The original text of You Zi Shu
The design of husband's wine, the combination of ceremony and emotion, the bodybuilding of the body and the end of ceremony are also the best. There are endless ideas, and the guests can get drunk without chaos.
Interpretation of You Zi Shu;
The purpose of booze is to conform to etiquette, express feelings, make people feel comfortable and restore humanity. After the etiquette is fulfilled, the guests leave, which is the greatest harmony and happiness. If the host is not full of affection and the guests are not tired, they can continue to drink, but they should not be drunk to the point of unconsciousness.
The Unitary Commandment embodies Zhuge Liang's idea of drinking with courtesy. It can be said that this is a matter-of-fact discussion. Because wine talks about ceremony, he regards banquet as a public relations etiquette activity, hoping to exchange feelings, enhance friendship and adjust interpersonal relationships with wine as a medium. Zhuge Liang pursues the beauty of neutralization in this book, and thinks that it is not good to drink too much wine.
The original text of The Book of Commandments and Nephews
The husband should aim high, worship sages, abandon lust and stagnate, so that the ambition of ordinary people can be revealed and felt; Endure flexion and extension, remove details, ask questions extensively, except being too stingy. Although I have stayed for a long time, why bother to harm the beauty, why bother to suffer it? If the will is not strong and the intention is not generous, it will be vulgar and stagnant, and it will be vulgar if it is silently tied to the feelings.
Explain the Book of Commandments for my nephew;
In the first year of Xingping, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (194), when Zhuge Liang was thirteen years old, the four of them followed their uncle Zhuge Xuan to the prefect's office (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Soon, the court sent Zhu Hao to his post, and Zhuge Xuan, who lost his official position, had to take Zhuge Liang's four brothers and sisters to Jingzhou to take refuge in Liu Biao, an old friend of Jingzhou Animal Husbandry (Xiangyang). After arriving in Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang went to the "academic hall" run by Liu Biao because he was young. His elder sister married Kuaiqi, a big family in Zhonglu County (now Nanzhang County, Hubei Province), and his second sister married Pang Shanmin, the son of Pang Degong, a famous man in Xiangyang. Pang Shanmin's son is called Pang Huan. Zhuge Liang's "My Nephew's Commandment" is addressed to Pang Huan.
In this letter, Zhuge Liang warned his nephew to set up lofty ideals, admire sages, restrain lust, be able to adapt to the tests of different situations such as smooth twists and turns, and eradicate the feeling of complaining about others. If the ambition is not firm, the ideological realm is not open, and you indulge in the secular world, you will inevitably become a person with no education and no future. If the Commandment emphasizes the importance of "self-cultivation", then the Nephew Commandment expounds the importance of "being determined to be a man".
At the beginning of the letter, Zhuge Liang clearly pointed out that "the ambition of the husband should be high." Ambition is a prerequisite for a person's success, but how can we "aim high"?
First, "Mu Xianxian, never lust ... feel sad". "Mu Xianxian" is to follow the example of ancient sages and look up to them. The power of example is infinite. A good example can make people work hard, and a bad example can drag people into the abyss. Confucius also said: "See the sage Si Qi Yan, see the sage and introspect." Setting a good example will continuously inject positive energy into a person.
"Abstinence" means abstinence. My nephew Pang Huan is full of blood. Don't be addicted to love. In this world, people will always be troubled by trivial matters, and these trivial matters or troubles will often kill a person's will. Standing high and looking far, the realm of life will be improved. Jumping out of this narrow circle and not being tired of trivial matters will naturally "abandon stagnation." To achieve the above three points, naturally, no matter when and where, no matter good times or bad times, you can "show what you have and feel sad."
The second one is "don't give in, be meticulous" ... why not ". This is a measure to realize one's ambition: be flexible, take things as they are, put aside irrelevant thoughts, listen carefully to other people's valuable opinions, learn with an open mind, learn from others' experience and accept with an open mind. A person with lofty aspirations and broad mind will not care about temporary gains and losses, so even if he is not promoted temporarily and his talents are not recognized by others, it will not prevent him from realizing his ideals.
Finally, Zhuge Liang discusses it from the opposite side. "If you have no determination, you are not generous ... you will be indecent!" If there is no lofty ambition, high fighting spirit and strong will, then such a life can only drift with the tide in the secular world, be bound by the affection of children, and run out of life in mediocrity!
Zhuge Liang's "My Nephew's Commandment" is only more than 80 words, but it has a deep connotation. As a young man, we should not only have lofty ideals and lofty aspirations, but also have concrete and feasible measures to realize our ambitions and perseverance to overcome difficulties and eliminate interference. Otherwise, the ideal may become a fantasy, and even unconsciously become a mediocre and vulgar generation. This is what the Nephew Commandment tells us.
If a person is ambitious and determined, coupled with careful thinking and then put into action, he may succeed in the increasingly fierce social competition. On the contrary, it is doomed to fail. Zeng Guofan also taught his children to be "ambitious, knowledgeable and persistent" in family training. Resolutely not dirty; With knowledge, we know that knowledge is endless, and we dare not be self-sufficient; Nothing is impossible if you have perseverance. These views condensed the experience and wisdom of the ancients. Aspiring young people should be inspired by the book of commandments and nephews and do something different.