Reserve ideas
Reserve ideas for writing is greater than the accumulated materials made by ordinary students, which includes ideas and opinions formed by the perception of social life, including the ideological understanding obtained by reading and analyzing the text. These views and understandings should enable students to form their own writing ideas through comments and notes. These are all teaching common sense, needless to say. The author thinks that the following three kinds of reserves are worth promoting.
the idea of reserve image. Literature values image, image metaphor, image scene and image short story. If it contains philosophy of life, it is memorable and unforgettable. Both Montesquieu and Lord acton have a profound exposition on restraining power, but it is far less vivid than a speech by George W. Bush in the Czech Republic: "The most precious thing in the history of mankind for thousands of years is not the technology that makes people show off, not the rhetoric of politicians, but the training of those in power and the dream of keeping them in cages. Because only by taming them and locking them up will it not harm people. I am standing in a cage and speaking to you now. " Remember the sentence "put the person in power in a cage", and the meaning of restraining power will be remembered. In today's world, people blindly pursue fast and efficient, destroying the environment and losing themselves, so some people in the west advocate slow-paced life. In fact, this concept has long been vividly explained by the Naxi people in Lijiang: from birth, people are heading for the grave. The faster they walk, the closer they are to the grave, the slower they walk and the farther they are from the grave. Remembering the relationship between the speed of life and the distance between graves, students may understand the significance of leisure in a fast-paced society. In addition, like "A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" (fable), "A caged chicken is close to a soup knife, and a wild crane is wide without food" (couplet), "Since winter has come, can spring be far behind?" (Shelley's poem) and so on, all contain the philosophy of life, which is worth pondering and storing.
store profound thoughts. Observing life and reading the text, in addition to understanding the general ideas, it is more important to understand and reserve profound ideas, which is of great significance to improve the ideological depth of the exercise. Most people hate crime, which is beyond reproach, but after letting students know Hugo's words, this mentality may change somewhat. He said that when an individual's heart is full of darkness, he may commit crimes. The real guilty person is not the criminal, but the person who creates the psychological darkness of others. This is undoubtedly enlightening for saving criminals and eliminating crimes. Today, the school encourages students to do good deeds, which is true, but it is too bad for students to report good deeds and get extra points for their conduct. Is it still a good thing to do good deeds in return? In fact, Hong Yingming has long said in "Caigen Tan": "I am afraid of being known for evil, and there is still a good way in evil; Being anxious for goodness is known, and goodness is the root of evil. " A person who does a little good is eager to let people know that he is only doing good for the sake of fame and praise. This kind of person who does good with a purpose has planted a terrible hypocrisy when he does good. If students know Hong Yingming's couplet, they may have another view on the behavior of doing good deeds that must be known. For the current moral decline in society, let students read Hegel's famous saying: a nation has some people who care about the sky, and they have hope; A nation only cares about what is under its feet and is doomed to have no future "; Read Kant's famous saying: "There are two things, which are always in this heart, awe and fear, and are new with each passing day: the stars are above and the morality is inside." They will have new thinking.
an alternative idea of saving. Many teachers are afraid to introduce some non-mainstream ideas, for fear that students will be mentally polluted. In fact, high school students have certain standards of right and wrong, which can be correctly applied through dialectical analysis. The author once introduced a famous saying of Solzhenitsyn to students: "I don't know what a person can't do without God in his heart!" Students know that Soxhlet emphasizes the power of faith and the role of awe, so they quote Soxhlet's famous sayings in their exercises. I don't know what one can't do without morality and others! This analogy reasoning of sentence-like famous sayings is very convincing. Foreigners may see the weakness of their own thoughts and personalities more clearly than we do. Arthur? Smith once said: "What China people lack most is not wisdom, but the pure character of courage and integrity." If students can use this to evaluate the inferiority of their own people, it will be an empty valley.
Differentiating thoughts
Although the thought of student reserve has been analyzed and screened, it is inevitable to be extreme in application due to the limitations of experience and understanding, so dialectical analysis is needed at this time.
first, discriminate the complexity of thought. Students know that Zi Gong redeemed the slaves of Lu at his own expense, but he was not rewarded by the monarch, while Zi Lu rescued the drowning child and accepted the cow rewarded by his father with peace of mind. They don't understand the intention of Confucius' praise. This kind of right and wrong needs to be discriminated. From a secular point of view, it is a good deed for Zigong to redeem slaves for the country without being rewarded, and it is greedy to save people by Zilu. However, Confucius praised Zi Lu and rebuked Zi Gong. It can be seen that the merits and demerits of good deeds should not be evaluated from the point of view of the matter itself, but also from the advantages and disadvantages of its social impact. Although what you do is good, but its popularity is not conducive to society, it is seemingly good but not good. Although what you do seems to be bad, and its style is beneficial to society, it is actually good. On the other hand, it is difficult for us to carry out the movement of learning from Lei Feng continuously because it violates the principle of moral equivalence exchange. Confucius saw this more rationally than modern people.
second, differentiate and analyze the space-time nature of thought. Engels once said that the development of human history is a process in which old fallacies are constantly denied by new ones. To distinguish the correctness of the idea of student reserve, we should also consider its time and space to prevent bias in writing. "Don't talk about peaches and plums, but make a difference", which was praised by Sima Qian for Li Guang. Later, it became an idiom, which means that a person with virtue will be respected by everyone without publicity. It embodies the modesty and introversion of the ancients, but it may not be appropriate to use it to regulate students' behavior today. "Go your own way and let others talk!" This is a famous saying that students often use to prove that they stick to what they have seen. Dante insisted on the "road" against theocracy and oppression, which was proved to be correct by history, and this famous saying was circulated. If future generations think that everyone can walk like this, and don't ask whether this road is correct or not, and refuse to accept the correct advice from others, they may go to a dead end. Once students understand the specific environment in which this famous saying came into being, they will not use it indiscriminately.
Giving birth to ideas
The idea of discriminating reserve thoughts in writing is ultimately to express one's thoughts more accurately in the exercise. With the help of Socrates, teachers create conditions for students to express their formed ideas, which can be called giving birth to ideas. Midwifery pays attention to timing and methods, otherwise the baby can't give birth. Writing teaching should also pay attention to timing and methods, otherwise students' thoughts will not be promoted.
explore the beauty of life. There are many beautiful things in family friendship, which are not precious only because they are usually owned, but only when they are lost. According to this, the topic of composition proposition is not "affection" and "friendship", but "lost smile", which can better stimulate students to recall affection or friendship. Taking "happiness" as the topic, students may not know happiness and can't write, but throwing contrast pebbles into the heart pool will arouse ripples. Compared with the disabled, sound limbs are happiness; Poor grades are trouble, and comparing with peers who are out of school is happiness. In fact, the mind is peaceful and quiet, and life is full of happiness. Just as Master Hongyi said, there are flowers in spring and moons in autumn, cool breeze in summer and snow in winter. If you don't mind your own business, a year is a good time. It is rare for students to live a happy life; However, if the original reserve "if you want to stand up and be a man, if you want to reach someone", you can push yourself and others and form a high realm of "if you are happy, you should also make others happy".
If you understand the principles of nature, you can accept the survival concept of harmony between man and nature, enhance your ideological realm, and live in harmony with nature. Once the students reserve the idea of image and design the proposition about understanding the nature, it is easier to give birth to new writing ideas. If students had reserved Laozi's viewpoint of "being good as water" and memorized Bing Xin's article "Life is like a river", then under the topic of "understanding rivers", many new ideas could be born: accepting sewage from rivers and purifying sewage, thinking of the influence of tolerance and kindness; Returning to the sea from rushing, thinking of self-improvement and persistent pursuit; It is in line with the spirit of Zhuangzi's Tao to think of forbearance and modesty, and to strive for nothing but contentment. Inspired by the image theory of understanding nature, even the abstract topic composition "Three Theories of Life", one of the students of the author draws metaphors from natural scenery and makes a self-made topic "Butterfly ~ Love ~ Flower", which is literary and poetic. The meaning of the text is divided into three layers: life is like a butterfly, and it can only be turned into a butterfly if it is broken, and it must be tempered through hardships; Dare to love in life, treat others with fraternity, and live with people; Life is like a flower, the pursuit of virtue, like a butterfly, is integrated with beauty and sublimates life. Elegant and extraordinary.
attack the vulgarity and ugliness. People are close to truth, goodness and beauty, and hate falsehood, ugliness and ugliness. Writing requires students to praise good deeds, which may not be effective. Designing situations to make students criticize ugliness can stimulate indignation. Some teachers dare not do this. In fact, it is necessary for the times to criticize ugliness and support justice. What is terrible? Design writing situation can write comments on scandals, analyze national weaknesses, and find the root of hidden rules in the industry. Writing this kind of article is easy to induce students to pay attention to the society and people's livelihood, and to support the good idea that justice hates evil. As far as the wind goes, students do not forget to attack ugly behavior in the article "Seeking Profit", which focuses on argument. Please see one paragraph: Just seeking profit means not breaking the law or harming others. For example, Sanlu Group added toxic melamine to milk that people drank, in order to gain the maximum benefit, and exchanged the baby's life and the mother's tears for the aura of corporate profits. This profit-seeking behavior is a shame for Chinese people, which should be denounced by the whole country and severely punished by the government. This kind of article has indignation and strength, and shows the sense of ownership of citizens, which is far better than the trite theory of moaning without illness.
Jiang shouming, a teacher, now lives in luoding, Guangdong province.