Otto von otto von bismarck (181April 2005-65438+July 30, 20898), Duke of Lauenburg, Prime Minister of Prussia (1862- 1890), the first Prime Minister of the German Empire.
Bismarck, a landlord from Yongke, carefully planned three wars: 1864 against Denmark, 1866 against Austria and 1870- 187 1 year against France. The result of every war is to prepare for the next war, interlocking and step by step. At the same time, Bismarck launched a series of diplomatic offensives to make the war go smoothly. Two of them played a key role:
First of all, Bismarck insisted on always maintaining friendly relations with Russia, even at the expense of breaking with the Prussian ruling group. So solid
Bismarck's insistence was well thought out: geographically, Prussia needed a stable rear to fight against Denmark in the northwest, Austria in the southeast and France in the west. As the only big country on the eastern border, Russia's friendship with it has become the key to solving the problem; From the perspective of state relations, there is no big direct conflict of interest between Prussia and Russia, which provides the basis for the friendship between the two countries; From the international environment, wars with Austria and France are inevitable. Britain pursues the policy of "glorious isolation", and at the same time hopes that Prussia will be strong to counter France and Russia, and basically maintains a neutral attitude towards German reunification. The attitude of Russia, the only remaining big country, is particularly important. Facts have proved that Bismarck's decision was correct, and Russia's neutral attitude made Prussia unimpeded in the war of reunification.
Secondly, Bismarck resolutely rejected the request of Pu Huang and army generals to attack Vienna. In Bismarck's view, the occupation of Vienna can only bring "happy memories to Prussian soldiers", but it will hurt Austria's self-esteem and "leave irreconcilable feelings for each other". The international situation at that time also prompted Bismarck to make such a decision. The change of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's attitude makes French intervention in the war unpredictable, and the fall of Vienna will inevitably strengthen its determination to intervene. Even if Napoleon's commitment to neutrality is compensated to prevent it, Prussia is likely to face a joint attack by France and Austria in the future Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck would never allow such a thing to harm Prussia's political interests. Once Russia catches a glimpse of the development prospect of Prussian forces, it will also strengthen its vigilance, and may even be a direct armed intervention. If so, Prussia will undoubtedly be in trouble.
Bismarck's thought of the supremacy of national interests made him keep a clear head within the ruling group and made more far-sighted decisions, paving the way for the smooth progress of the later unified war.