Hope of spring Author: Du Fu era: Tang style: Although the five laws are broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is green in spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. Note: 1, National Break: Chang 'an, the capital, was occupied by rebels. 2, feel that sentence: because I sigh about current events, I will cry when I see flowers. 3. hey: it's simply. 4, invincible: because of less hair, even the hair clasp can not be inserted. Chang 'an fell into the country, but only the mountains and rivers remained. Spring has come, the city is empty, sparsely populated and the vegetation is dense and deep. Sentimental state affairs face flowers, tears can't stop splashing, and relatives and birds are scattered, which is shocking and increases the sense of hatred. Since the beginning of spring, wars have been frequent and spread in March. Where is your home? There is little news from the country, and a letter is worth thousands of dollars. Worried about scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and my hair is falling short and less, so I can't insert it. Comments: In July, the fifteenth year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, changing Yuan to virtue. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels to Chang 'an, and wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Zhide). The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. One or two couplets of poetry, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three or four couplets are about relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is straightforward, the scenery is not free, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages. -Quoted from "Ultra-pure Zhai Shi" bookbest. 163.net Translation: Liu Jianxun to Deyuanzai (756) In June, the rebellion of An Shi captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. The first four sentences of the poem are about the defeat of the spring city, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural. "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying, "Duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature. "("Tang Yin Gui Qian "Volume 9)" Petals have flowed like tears, and lonely birds have sang their grief. "The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally entertaining things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry. The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones. " After three months of war, a piece of news from home is worth a ton of gold. "Since the An Shi Rebellion," the flames of war were raging and the countryside was broken ",and until now, at the end of March and spring, the war continued. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than Tiger Balm! " "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" writes the long-awaited urgency of news isolation, which is all the thoughts in everyone's heart and will naturally resonate with people, thus becoming a famous sentence that will be told through the ages. "I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, and I feel that my hair is sparse and short. " "White hair" is caused by anxiety, "scratching" is an action to relieve anxiety, and "shortening" indicates the degree of anxiety. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness. This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written clearly, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.