step by step principle (systematic principle): that is, teaching should be carried out in accordance with the logical order of subjects and the order of students' cognitive development, so that students can systematically master basic knowledge and skills and form strict logical thinking ability. This principle is also called systematic principle. In ancient China, teaching was carried out in a certain order. In the Book of Learning, "learning is not equal", "applying without sacrifice" and "miscellaneous application without grandchildren is bad without repair", and Zhu Xi's "step by step, familiar with reading and careful thinking" all require gradual progress in teaching.

(6) the principle of consolidation: that is, in teaching, students should be guided to consolidate knowledge on the basis of understanding, and teachers should pay attention to organizing various reviews, so that knowledge can be kept in memory for a long time and can be quickly reproduced when needed, which is conducive to the application of knowledge and skills. Confucius called for "learning from time to time" and "reviewing the past to gain new knowledge", and ushinski thought that "review is the mother of learning".

(7) the principle of "according to one's ability" (the principle of acceptability): that is, the content, method, weight and progress of teaching should be suitable for students' development level, acceptable to them, and difficult to master. In ancient China, Mozi's "A wise man must do what he can", Stilwell's "Teaching must conform to the development level of the students being taught" and Zankov's developmental teaching theory all emphasize the principle of ability.

(8) the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: that is, teachers should proceed from the actual situation and individual differences of students, and carry out differentiated teaching in a targeted manner, so that each student can make full use of their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and obtain the best development. Confucius in our country is good at teaching students according to their different characteristics, so that they can give full play to their respective specialties. This experience was summarized by Zhu Xi as "Confucius teaches according to his aptitude".