Whether in the West or the East, Nietzsche is a very controversial figure as a philosopher and thinker. Nietzsche was extremely intelligent as a child. At the age of 24, he graduated early due to his excellent academic performance and received a professorship of classical linguistics at the University of Basel in Switzerland. However, he resigned due to illness after seven years of tenure. Nietzsche suffered from schizophrenia in 1879 at the age of thirty-five. From that time until his death in 1900, Nietzsche never regained his sanity. Nietzsche wrote prolifically before the age of thirty-five. His main representative works include "The Birth of Tragedy", "Human, All Too Human", "On the Origin of Morality", "Dawn", "Thus Spoke Zarathustra", "Beyond Good and Evil", "Anti-Christianity", "Look at This Man", etc. Evaluations of Nietzsche's works and thoughts have always been mixed. During his lifetime, Nietzsche suffered from the fact that his thoughts were not understood by the world, and he was often in a painful contradiction between overconfidence and extreme low self-esteem. After Nietzsche suffered from schizophrenia, his writings suddenly became popular. Not only were they enthusiastically praised by many young German students, but they also had a huge impact on European literary theory, aesthetics, ethics and psychology at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Shocking and far-reaching effects. At that time, famous scholars in Germany and even Europe, such as Stefan Georg, Thomas Mann, Bernard Shaw, Freud and others, all claimed to have been inspired by Nietzsche's thoughts. The admiration for Nietzsche reached its peak during the era when the German and Italian fascists were in power. Mussolini claimed to be an admirer of Nietzsche and donated 20,000 lire to fund the Nietzsche Archives; while Hitler personally paid a visit to the Nietzsche Archives to show his respect. Perhaps it was precisely because of fascists' preference for Nietzsche that Nietzsche was widely criticized as a Nazi thinker after the end of World War II. This kind of criticism continues to this day in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, but in the West there was a trend of re-evaluating Nietzsche in the 1960s. In addition to a series of reinterpretations and evaluations of Nietzsche's teachings by philosophers, the excavation of some historical documents and the clarification of historical facts were important causes of this turn. When talking about Nietzsche and his writings, there is one figure that cannot be ignored, and this is his sister Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche himself never married, while Elisabeth married late and her marriage was short-lived. Nietzsche lost his father when he was young, and his brother and sister depended on each other and had a close relationship. After Nietzsche suffered a mental breakdown, Elisabeth took over the care of the sick Nietzsche and the editing and publishing of Nietzsche's posthumous works. There is no doubt that Elisabeth's own level of knowledge and understanding will affect the choice of Nietzsche's legacy and the dissemination of Nietzsche's ideas. Therefore, the movement to rectify Nietzsche's name in the West is always inseparable from the research and evaluation of Elizabeth. Western academic circles tend to describe Elizabeth as an ambitious but short-sighted woman. Of course, the crux of the problem is not limited to Elizabeth's personal qualities. The question mainly revolves around two aspects: first, whether Elizabeth understands and agrees with her brother's position on the issue of anti-Semitism; second, whether Elizabeth understands and agrees with her brother's position on the issue of anti-Semitism; second, what is Elizabeth's attitude in the complete works of Nietzsche? Whether any manipulation was done during the editing and publishing process. Nazi Germany's propaganda tools once portrayed Nietzsche as the spiritual pioneer of the anti-Semitic movement. So did Nietzsche ever promote the superiority of the Aryan race and anti-Semitic sentiments? According to the information unearthed by historians, the answer should be: "No". On the contrary, when Nietzsche was alive, he deeply hated the anti-Semitic movement that was just emerging at that time. Of course, it was not without reason that the Nazis described Nietzsche as an anti-Semite. The reason lay with Elisabeth. Elizabeth's husband, Bernhard Forster, was a fierce anti-Semite. He once told Elizabeth that the Jews had corrupted Germany's traditional virtues because the Jews had established the capitalist system, the most inhumane exploitation system of mankind. And as a Jew, Karl Marx preached the abandonment of all private ownership and the establishment of a communist utopia. Foster believes that all isms, including capitalism, communism and democracy, are poisons that corrode the German national spirit. Foster respected Nietzsche as a sage who promoted the German national spirit without even understanding Nietzsche's philosophical works. But Nietzsche himself did not have a good impression of Forster, and he was fiercely opposed to his sister's marriage, and even refused to attend his sister's wedding. Nietzsche extremely mocked the "German virtues" advocated by his brother-in-law, and scorned the cause of "purifying the Aryan race" advocated by Forster.

Nietzsche affirmed that his own ideal of the "European nation" does not mean that powerful nations bully weak nations, but that he hopes that all European nations, including Jews, can achieve mutual understanding and integration on the basis of overcoming their own narrowness. . Nietzsche also firmly opposed Forster's plan to colonize Paraguay after careful study, and Elizabeth was very annoyed by this. It is a pity that many Germans at that time were enthusiastic about the anti-Semitic movement and the colonial cause, but no one paid attention to Nietzsche's thoughts. What is even more tragic is that Nietzsche’s fierce words, actions and letters against the anti-Semitism movement have been hidden, forgotten and misinterpreted for many years. Nietzsche is even regarded as a Nazi ideologue and an advocate of purifying the Aryan race. The greatest tragedy is this. In fact, even Nietzsche's sister Elizabeth Forster herself was not as staunch an anti-Semite as her husband. Elizabeth's life goal is to rise from an ordinary pastor's daughter to a socialite. To this end, Elizabeth knows how to work hard and is also good at dealing with the world. With her husband's Paraguayan colony on the verge of bankruptcy and Forster himself committing suicide, Elizabeth initially stands alone in hopes of saving her husband's career, but she soon discovers that her unconscious brother's place in the hearts of the Germans is in doubt. With the rising popularity of her husband, Elizabeth quickly seized this opportunity, abandoned the hopeless Paraguay colony, and changed her name from Elizabeth Foster to Elizabeth Foster-Nietzsche. , connecting the names of two people who hated each other, and then she fought for the care of the sick Nietzsche and the custody of Nietzsche's works from her mother, and moved Nietzsche himself and his works to a distant place. In his hometown of Weimar, he first wanted to rely on Weimar, a famous cultural city, to bring glory to the Nietzsche archives, and secondly, he wanted to avoid the influence of Nietzsche’s mother and Nietzsche’s friends on the editing and publishing of Nietzsche’s complete works. In the process of editing and publishing Nietzsche's works, Elizabeth excluded Nietzsche's friends. When it came to selecting editors of Nietzsche's complete works, Elizabeth almost entirely based her own likes and dislikes as the criterion, so that she changed them one after another during the editing and publishing process of the complete works. Several editors. She once said to the recruited Goselic: "Dear Mr. Goselic, you must understand a simple fact, that is, you can only become an editor with my approval." For another example, Elizabeth was once very happy. Not taking the break between Nietzsche and Wagner for granted, after Nietzsche announced his severance of contact with the famous musician who promoted anti-Semitism, Elisabeth continued to be proud of being a friend of the Wagner couple, a pair of social celebrities. The previous editor of the complete works of Nietzsche could not understand this, and Elizabeth revoked his authority to edit the Nietzsche-Wagner collection of letters. The biggest manipulation Elizabeth did to Nietzsche's legacy was that she used her own will to edit and forge the book "The Will to Power" ("The Will to Power"), which has always been regarded as Nietzsche's main philosophical work. According to the research of historians, this so-called "The Will to Power" was not written by Nietzsche at all. This so-called epoch-making masterpiece that Nietzsche research has relied on for more than half a century was actually selected, revised, and compiled by Elisabeth Foster-Nietzsche and Heinrich Goserich from fragments of Nietzsche's posthumous manuscripts. After many years of research on Nietzsche, the Italian philosopher Martino Montinari stated: "Nietzsche never wrote such a book, and never intended to write such a book." He believed that the so-called "The Will to Power" It would be unscientific to regard Nietzsche as his major philosophical work. In "The Sister of Zarathushtra", H.F. Peters examines Elizabeth's desire for the book "The Will to Power" and the various loopholes that appeared in the compilation process. He combines her attitude towards life with the work of Nietzsche. What she did during the publishing process pointed out that the first edition of the complete works of Nietzsche (published between 1894 and 1926) actually showed Elizabeth's narrow understanding of Nietzsche's thought. Examining Elizabeth's life attitude from her life path, it is not difficult to understand her move toward fascism in her later years. In fact, Elisabeth herself had many Jewish friends, and she had accepted Jewish donations despite anti-Semitic public opinion. The main sponsor of the Nietzsche Archive was a Swedish Jewish entrepreneur.

However, Elizabeth placed too much emphasis on personal fame and social status, and placed too much emphasis on success in this world. In addition, in the 1920s, the leaders of the Weimar Republic implemented an inflationary policy in order to repay war reparations. The assets of the Nietzsche archives were wiped out, and Elisabeth's own interests were seriously threatened. Like thousands of German middle-class people, she began to hate the democratic system, longed for social stability, and welcomed the economic and social policies of the Nazi Party. Many people believe that since Elisabeth was the widow of a pioneer of German anti-Semitism, she herself should also be a staunch anti-Semite. Elisabeth herself did receive funding from the Nazi government for the Nietzsche Archive and became the founder of National Socialist ideology. We are honored to be the center of philosophy. All this is not difficult for a woman without deep understanding and lack of historical responsibility to understand, but what would Nietzsche say if he knew about it? Is it anger? Is it sad? Is it tacit consent? In fact, Nietzsche predicted this when he was alive: "When I think that one day I will be respected and misrepresented by the most unqualified people... I feel scared." Zhou Hong