Since ancient times, the rulers of China have attached great importance to the selection of talents, and set up election management systems accordingly. These selection and management systems have also become important measures to ensure national stability. The selection criteria have gradually developed from family and property to talents, and the selection criteria have gradually become fair and just.
In the pre-Qin period, if you want to be a civil servant, you need a good father, because in this period, "Shi Qing Shi Lu" is the main criterion for selecting officials. The appointment of government officials at all levels is determined by family blood relationship, and the official rank is determined according to blood relationship. As an official, aristocrats of all sizes must receive Chinese studies education and learn relevant etiquette knowledge before taking office. That is, "I don't go to school for more than three generations." Anyone who sets up titles and official positions has enjoyed fiefs and fiefs from generation to generation. From the perspective of historical development, it is historical progress, and its root lies in the development of productive forces.
During the Qin Dynasty, including the Qin State in the middle and late Warring States period, officials were all selected by the military service system, and corresponding titles were awarded according to the military service system. This system broke the hereditary system of slave owners and nobles and gave ordinary children the opportunity to become national public officials.
During the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty established a whole set of official selection system, mainly including the procuratorial system and the collection system. Among them, the procuratorial system is election, which is a bottom-up way to select talents. In the Han dynasty, a person was granted a certain official position through public opinion, and "promoting filial piety" was the best embodiment of this method; Expropriation system is a top-down selection system in which the emperor or local government appoints officials by selecting some talents according to their characteristics and recruitment.
After the Han Dynasty, the Wei State in the Three Kingdoms period began to implement the system of "nine grades of Zhong Zheng", that is, the talents were divided into nine grades, the official positions of Zhong Zheng were set up, the talents were graded, and the top-grade talents were awarded official positions. In fact, the selection standard is still to adopt local public opinion and public opinion, retaining the legacy of rural selection in Han Dynasty. On the one hand, the implementation of the "Nine Grades System" solved the problem of irregular selection of officials and clarified the management of officials at that time.
During Yang Di's period, the Nine Grades System was abolished, and officials were selected through examinations of different subjects, which became the imperial examination system. Today, our civil service examination system is very similar to the imperial examination system, which is mainly divided into two subjects, namely Jinshi and Mingjing. Ming Jing mainly examines the contents of the four books and five classics, and Jinshi mainly evaluates talents through examination results. This system has been used for more than 1000 years.
Panjin Tuhua Education Original Release