1, primary stage
First, have a general understanding of the development history of chess, and learn and master the moves, eating methods, winning and losing, playing records, simple rules and basic common sense of chess pieces.
Second, learn the basic methods of killing chess and the simple examples and basic formulas of the endgame, and understand the reasoning and analysis methods and skills of killing king and endgame.
Third, understand the types of layout, learn the basic changes of common layout step by step, and understand the basic theory, tactics and practical killing methods of layout.
Fourth, starting with the middle game killing method, learn the strategy and tactics of the middle game, and then understand the basic theories such as the tactical principle of the middle game.
Five, watch or play music to learn the famous hand against the game, and through the explanation and analysis of the game, learn the use of famous hand strategy and tactics.
Six, combined with the layout of the study, properly interspersed with actual combat drills, mainly in the form of wheel wars, one-on-one simulation competitions or multiple competitions. Understand the form and requirements of the competition. If you can, you should arrange the time trial properly, experience the actual combat and make records, and gradually practice the ability to restart.
2. Consolidate the improvement stage
First, in-depth study of slightly complicated killing methods, mainly to guess the victory of ancient music independently and gradually exercise mental arithmetic ability; Learn and organize the actual killing game, be familiar with the killing conditions and the order of attack and killing, and cultivate the feeling of killing chess.
Second, further study the endgame, learn slightly complicated and practical examples and formulas in the form of small special research, properly learn the endgame of famous hands in actual combat, and gradually systematize it.
Third, according to your own characteristics, conditions and preferences, you should learn three or five kinds of first-hand and second-hand layouts selectively and systematically, and gradually transition from imitation to forming an independent layout system, and deeply understand the layout characteristics, layout principles and commonly used practical tactics.
Four, in-depth study of slightly complicated middle game tactics, combined with the practical experience of middle game theory, decision-making and trial game calculation method, focus on solving the transition problem from layout to middle game and middle game to endgame, and gradually cultivate the ability of combining strategic thinking with tactical awareness.
Five, combined with the layout learning process, appropriate arrangements for targeted simulation of actual combat, conditional to be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the game, the game form can be arranged into a group cycle, big cycle, integral arrangement, multi-game confrontation or elimination system. You can also practice fast chess properly. It is required to deepen the understanding of the rules and characteristics of the competition system through the competition, resume communication after the competition, and gradually implement independent memory and summary (including strategy and tactics, psychology, practical skills, etc.). ).
Sixth, learn as many famous players as possible in actual combat and experience the implementation of game psychology, strategic conception and tactical means.
The above is the general process of learning chess in stages for beginners. Beginners can choose and arrange according to their own level and interests, but they must implement the principle of from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, focusing on foundation, first stage and then overall situation. According to the above process, we have learned some basic knowledge and laid a good foundation before we have a reliable premise and guarantee for developing to a higher level.
3, the actual game
Playing chess is the main means to improve chess skills, and learning and practicing are for actual combat. Only through actual combat can we deepen our understanding, digestion and absorption of the contents of books. Only after many times of actual combat, will we gradually accumulate those direct and beneficial experiences and understandings, and we will not "talk on paper." Novices should pay attention to the following questions in actual combat:
First, arrange the number of games reasonably. Too little or too much will affect the level of improvement. There are too few games, which will not confirm the knowledge and theory learned in time, and may also reduce the interest in learning chess. More importantly, lack of exercise will affect the accumulation of direct experience. Too many games are often based on interest and desire, playing chess quickly without thinking. Playing more than ten games a day is not only useless to improve, but will form the habit of playing chess casually. It is better to study every game seriously and effectively. Generally speaking, an average of 150- 180 games per year is enough for children, and 120- 150 games are suitable for adults.
Second, we should pay attention to the quality of the game. First of all, the opponent's level should be similar to his own, a little higher is best, and the level is close to easy communication, which is conducive to the promotion of * * *; Try not to find opponents with too different levels, which will not achieve the effect of the game and will easily affect mood and interest. Secondly, in the competition, no matter what the opponent's level is, we should go on seriously and responsibly for every game and every move. Only by careful thinking can the brain machine on the scene be started to the maximum extent, and the thinking ability can be exercised and improved to the maximum extent. Only by improving the quality of the game can we test the knowledge well and truly achieve the purpose of understanding and absorption.
Third, we must recover in time after the game, and we must seriously sum up the gains and losses. Even for a high-level chess player, this is a very important technical exercise. If you want to resume the game, you must remember the chess, whether on the spot or after the game, but you must not remember the order of each game. No matter what the result of the game is, we should seriously resume the game. In victory, we should not only sum up our experience, but also try to find out our shortcomings. After the defeat, we should not only sum up the lessons, but also affirm the progress before we can fight again. Only in this way can we deepen the impression of the brain, facilitate memory, understanding and absorption, and go further in the next game.
Fourth, we should analyze our own games at a higher level. We must analyze objectively and dialectically, focus on theory, thinking mode and calculation method, and find out the regular problems, instead of just sticking to the quality of each game or the technical gains and losses. If you can, you can also ask a master to help you analyze and point out the advantages and disadvantages, so that you will find something you don't know and improve your artistic conception. Combined with the actual situation of your own chess game, you should also refer to the relevant chess handbook, at least you can find the monograph on layout and endgame, find out the shortcomings and correct them. It is also a good way to compare the related chess games of experts, that is, to make a serious comparative thinking according to your own skills, find out the gap between your thinking method and chess theory in actual combat, and improve yourself.
Five, to organize the bureau records in time, one is a brief review of technical and theoretical gains and losses, and the other is classified according to time series, which can be used as information for reference and comparative analysis at any time.
6. After earnestly playing games and humbly learning and summarizing, we should repeatedly apply the theoretical knowledge and experience we have learned to actual combat to test. Only after actual combat, summing up study, actual combat and summing up study can we consolidate what we have learned, find new problems, find new directions and constantly improve our actual combat level.
Step 4 lay a solid foundation
As mentioned before, it is emphasized here that it is very important for the beginners to persist in learning and understanding the knowledge and theory of the opening, middle and final stages of chess and make steady progress in the future. Someone has played chess for decades, and occasionally he will encounter the winning endgame of a horse against a single player in the game, but he can't win. He regrets the competition and his basic skills are not solid, which will definitely restrict his progress and development.
Beginners must ask more questions when learning any knowledge (including actual combat). You can compare the same type of situation and consider several possibilities. For example, we can compare the difference between high-level soldiers and low-level soldiers (and second-line soldiers or third-line soldiers), as well as the influence of the position of the opposing soldiers on the results, how to use the handsome force and the skills of cooperating with the sub-force attack, and so on. Therefore, we will have a deeper understanding of this situation, have a firmer understanding and use it more flexibly. In addition, we should gradually systematize the knowledge we have learned, find out the shortcomings and weaknesses in our progress in time, constantly correct and make up for them through study and exercise, and constantly improve our chess knowledge.
5. Follow the rules to improve efficiency
According to the objective universal law, the process of learning and improving the level can be described as "wave forward and spiral upward". Therefore, we should not only seize the time to learn as much as possible and learn well, but also follow this law and put forward the requirements at different stages appropriately. For example, when the progress is obvious, pay attention to strengthening basic skills training, actively explore the depth and breadth, and help maintain the upward trend for a long time; When the progress is a little slow, don't worry, pay attention to adjusting your mood and learning rhythm, which is often conducive to returning to normal as soon as possible, and the indicators can be appropriately lowered.
Efficiency refers to the ratio of workload to effect in a certain period of time. While following the law of learning, we should pay attention to the efficiency of learning. For chess, the investment in learning is mostly proportional to the growth of the level. However, due to the differences in learning time, gender and age, understanding and creativity, effort, learning skills and training conditions, the learning effect will be affected. Learners and coaches should pay attention to this point and take appropriate countermeasures and scientific methods for training according to specific conditions.
Step 6 strengthen self-cultivation
If you want to make progress in chess and climb the peak constantly, you must learn to be a man. Throughout the ages, the criteria for comprehensively evaluating a chess player are chess morality, chess products and chess skills in turn, emphasizing morality first and having both ability and political integrity. Chess lovers, especially children, must give priority to strengthening their self-cultivation, set lofty aspirations from an early age, be strict with themselves, and abide by social morality and athlete's code. Cultivate a good moral style of loving the motherland, being diligent and eager to learn, caring for the collective, being honest and modest, being civilized and polite, abiding by discipline and law, training hard and not being arrogant and impetuous. Every amateur should seriously study and strictly abide by the contents of article 8 of the rules of chess competition.
With the further popularization and development of chess, modern chess technology and theory have reached a new height, and the competitions at all levels with gradually normalized sequences have become more intense, and the psychological factors of players have become more and more important. Now some people combine chess with psychology, which is called chess psychology. Learning and mastering chess psychology is conducive to scientific selection, training and competition, because chess is a science, practice and practice are operated by people, and people are dominated by psychology, so beginners should consciously strengthen their study and exercise.
In the study and competition of chess, the brain runs at a high speed, and it is impossible without good health. In order to promote the normal development of body and mind, fans should actively participate in various sports activities, exercise, improve various functions and strengthen their physique.
Lu You, a great poet in the Song Dynasty in China, wrote two poems in Poem Zi Qi: "If you want to learn poetry, you must go abroad first." Borrowing chess means "time surpasses chess". Besides, you must also dabble in various disciplines, such as dialectical methodology in philosophy, strategy in military science, mathematics, literature, history, music, calligraphy, painting and so on. It is of great benefit to strengthen self-cultivation and improve chess skills. Beginners of chess in Liu Dianzhong.
How to learn layout
As the saying goes, "everything is difficult at the beginning", and a good beginning is half the battle. For beginners, learning format well is not an easy task, which requires a lot of practice and long-term systematic theoretical research. In the process of learning, in addition to our own efforts, we can't do without learning the valuable experience of our predecessors and adopting scientific learning methods.
For chess lovers, how to learn layout is a problem worthy of attention. If the content and methods of learning are appropriate, it will be better to take fewer detours, otherwise it is likely to get twice the result with half the effort. To solve this problem, we must first know what to learn, and then how to learn more scientifically. Here we sum up the essentials of learning layout: theory-oriented, from shallow to deep, first anxious before learning, in line with style, scientific planning, less refined.
(A) Theory-based
There are many variations in layout, each with its own characteristics, and the layout theory is evergreen, which has universal guiding significance for all kinds of layout changes. Because layout theory is a regular scientific experience summarized by people through a large number of layout changes, it will be more reasonable to analyze and judge the gains and losses of layout changes with layout theory, and it will be more correct to guide the choice of layout changes with layout theory. Beginners must attach importance to the study of the objective laws of chess. For lovers who lack the knowledge of format, while learning the specific changes of format, learning some systematic theoretical knowledge about format and constantly summarizing and enriching themselves will help them learn and master the changes of format better and faster, understand the essentials of format and improve the level of format. This requires beginners to pay attention to improving their knowledge to theoretical understanding and understanding in their usual study, and regard it as a stage goal.
(B) from the shallow to the deep
Beginners should follow the objective law of gradual progress when learning format changes and theories, learn some simple format changes and easy-to-understand format theories in combination with their own level, initially master some essentials and common sense, and then gradually deepen and broaden in study and practice, and make steady progress. Don't be too greedy, so as not to stay at a shallow level for a long time.
(C) the urgent need to learn first
The urgent need to learn first means that when learning format, you can learn some related format types and changes first on the premise of paying attention to the basics and combining your actual application needs. For example, we can focus on mastering some common and practical layout changes first, and we can also learn some related layout traps appropriately. Doing so can not only enhance the learning effect, but also improve interest, strengthen understanding and memory, and speed up the learning process.
(D) in line with the style
Because everyone's personality is different, the style and habit of playing chess are different. For example, when learning layout, it will help to develop one's own specialties, improve one's level and maintain a strong interest in learning. For example, if your style likes to attack and kill, then you can choose the layout and variation of the storm to learn first, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses; If you choose a stable layout first, its advantages may be suppressed, which is probably not conducive to the level of play and promotion. Of course, with a certain foundation, it is also necessary to dabble in and study other types of layouts or different choices of the same category, so as to learn from each other's strengths and improve themselves.
(5) Scientific planning
We must make a scientific plan for the study layout, including the overall goal, time arrangement, specific steps and measures. Planning should pay attention to the combination of point and surface, gradually expand, not only have a general preliminary understanding of various layouts, but also have targeted and clear phased main attack objectives. After the plan is made, it is necessary to implement the plan with good quality and quantity. Only by focusing on the main target in your plan can you form your own effective layout system as soon as possible. Otherwise, it will only be a general understanding of the layout and will not become a weapon with strong lethality. The content of the plan should be used by me, learn what is used first, and don't learn what is not used first. This should consult experienced people to make the plan more reasonable. If the plan has problems or can't be completed, it can be modified and adjusted appropriately, but there must be a plan.
(6) Less refined but more extensive
The purpose of making a plan is to systematize step by step. Gradually widening is a good experience. It can temporarily abandon many layout systems and changes, and concentrate time and energy on conquering the planned layout systems one by one. If you are a steady chess player and want to learn flying chess first, then from the first-hand point of view, you can learn and master better play, and you should study the key variants in depth. From the point of view of subsequent players dealing with flying games, one or two of the above changes can be selected for in-depth research and application. In this way, on the one hand, we have abandoned the changes such as artillery and invasion, on the other hand, we have abandoned most of the variations in dealing with flying games, and achieved less but better. The narrowing of the change selection surface is the key to achieve less but better, and other layouts can be analogized in turn.
Width refers to gradually broadening the field of layout change on the basis of accuracy. For example, in addition to first-hand flying games, you can also join advanced games or horse games, and you can learn a variety of methods to deal with flying games in subsequent games. This method of gradually expanding from one field to another will help to broaden our thinking and learn from each other's strengths.
(7) step-by-step system
Step-by-step system refers to that with the needs of actual combat and the improvement of level, beginners gradually make their own layout into a system on the basis of little but fine layout they have learned in the past. That is to say, within the scope of your chosen layout, all kinds of changes should be prepared 1 or two kinds of changes that you are familiar with, and gradually March towards depth and breadth. It is very important to systematize the layout, which is the correct way to conform to dialectics, and the gradual systematization is the goal of learning the layout and the need of actual combat.
(8) Combining scientific research with combat.
The combination of research and warfare means that the layout of learning should be combined with actual combat, that is, the results of learning should be tested in actual combat, and then further study and research should be carried out to gain new experience and then put into actual combat. As the saying goes, "practice is fighting", that's what it means. Only by "proceeding from actual combat" and continuous learning, that is, combining theory with practice, can we gradually enrich and improve our own layout system and keep up with the development of the times. ("Chess Layout Essentials" Liu Dianzhong)
How to learn, play and use the music in reposts.
Learn chess, starting with plum and orange. At that time, I chose the new editions of Plum Blossom, Plum Blossom Spectrum and Plum Blossom Spring, all of which were evaluated by Tu Jingming, a famous Shanghai citizen, as well as Yang Guanlin's New Notes on the Secret in the Orange and Liu Jianqing's Detailed Explanation of the Secret in the Orange. Tu Lao's three comments on plum blossom spectrum are in place, with little repetition, including the essence of the horse in the ancient spectrum, especially the "abandoning the horse and getting stuck in the car" bureau in Meihua Spring, which pushed how to fight against river patrol cars to a historical height and is still in progress. As for the fact that I bought two "Secrets" at Orange Jun, it's because everyone sees things from different angles. Learning from Yang and Liu's interpretation of this famous book can give me more "unexpected gains".
When the opponents I met were not limited to the level of the ancient spectrum, I began to feel that the layout of the ancient spectrum was rough. So in 1994, I took part in a complete set of learning in the chess correspondence class of the primary, intermediate, advanced and late amateur master class of North Chess organized by Master Wang Jialiang. If you don't have this chance today, you will be lucky to save a lot of money. Because Wang Lao changed all the courses in this class into self-taught courses of new concept chess, which was printed in Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House in 2003. This book is suitable for self-study. By the way, the auxiliary teaching material of amateur master class is Master Shang Wei's Layout Trap 108. Master Shang's other works are more or less suspected of "internal plagiarism", but this trick of only 108 has attracted a lot of attention and benefited a lot.
After leaving the correspondence class, I began the stage of network actual combat and street scuffle. At this time, my layout is really advanced and advanced, and it is difficult to meet my opponent for a while. However, the problem will come to you eventually. In actual combat, I often encounter the following embarrassing situations: the layout is dominant, the middle game is flat, and the endgame is defeated. After careful reflection, it is not difficult to find that you have insufficient control over mid-range games. For example, if you have time to kill dragons, there is no way to kill dragons. At this time, The Complete Book of Killing Green and Detailed Explanation of Basic Chess Pieces opened the skylight for me to master the formula, and Jia Titao's New Theory of Chess made me crazy. In the middle game, Master Huang's Manual of Real Game and Master Zhang's Guide to Chess Game are rare books.
When studying the endgame, I stumbled upon Master Huang's "On Chess", which made a comprehensive interpretation of the generality and vivid techniques of layout, which can be regarded as a famous spectrum that took you to knock on the door of layout self-study. There is a small tidbit in this book: after more than ten years, Huang reprinted a new version of Chess Opening Tactics, which is extremely loyal to the original and new content. According to my preliminary statistics, it is about 5%. It is really worthwhile for chess fans to be happy or depressed when they see past masterpieces.
I am busy studying the special chess manual, and I feel that my chess skills have been improved obviously, but I still can't do it in actual combat. In 2000, I was lucky enough to travel to Shanghai, and I even had the honor to ask Mr. Tu Jingming my questions. The old gentleman hit the nail on the head and told me not to look at them in isolation when studying the beginning, middle and end, but to separate the internal organic connection between them. Tu Lao pointed out that if you can't pass the instruction chess and can't accept the guidance of the master, you can study the famous chess. In this way, we can learn the transformation, grasp and operation of the three stages of opening, middle and endgame. Although the moves are important, the most important thing is to learn the thinking method of the master!
There are many books about game reviews. Personally, I prefer to collect self-criticism and famous comments from chess magazines. Besides, Lu Qin's Chess Road and Master's Chess Talk are the two most comprehensive game books I have ever seen. "Yinchuan Chess Road" is more interesting, and the inspiration it gives me is that kung fu is outside chess. In just 45 games, Xu Yinchuan's selfless dedication was condensed, in which the origin of many famous variations, the theoretical basis and thinking methods of key methods in the game were described in detail.
Hee hee, show off: I remind you that the book has not been officially published. I have a "white paper" compiled, printed and bound by a Hong Kong elder based on a complete set of data collected by Yangcheng Sports. If you want, you can only order a copy of 25 yuan by the chess player in Huichang, Jiangxi. I'm sorry to tell you the address, but it involves legal issues. I'd better have them separately.
Finally, I will add some excellent teaching materials to you.
Sun Zhiwei, the coach of Heilongjiang women's team, and Li, the master of residual chess, co-authored The Guide to Improving Chess Skills and the Method to Improve Chess Skills Quickly, which can be said to be a shortcut to the intermediate level. Zhang Qiang, head coach of Beijing team, and Yan Wenqing, the main player of Hebei Province, co-authored a set of three-concept chess layout course, including layout deception and countermeasures, layout suspicion and attack, layout formula and tactics, which is the most systematic and fascinating set of layout spectrum in recent ten years. In addition, Shanghai master Ge Weipu's "New Tactics for Actual Combat Layout of Chess Manual" and Huang's "Tactics Essentials for Opening Chess Manual" are based on the new changes in 2 1 century, supplemented by more detailed game reviews to prove their views, and there is basically no regret of "looking at the balance of power for a long time". In particular, the works of Master Geweipu are the essence of the publishing industry in recent years.