Abstract The 21st century is an era of knowledge economy and an era of fierce competition for talents. It places higher requirements on the knowledge and skills of talents. Talent comes from knowledge, and the acquisition of knowledge is inseparable from extensive reading accumulation. The ancients said that "there is a golden house in the book". Zhu Xi also once pointed out, "If you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will become apparent to you." What Du Fu advocated, such as "reading more than ten thousand volumes, and writing like a spirit", all emphasized the benefits of reading more and gathering more. Therefore, as educators, we have to think deeply: how to guide students as early as possible to correctly face the complex and colorful reading world, read widely, broaden their horizons, enrich students' knowledge reserves, and continuously improve the overall quality of students Comprehensive quality, so that students can grow healthily physically and mentally, fully explore their potential, and adapt to and face the needs and challenges of future society with profound knowledge.
Keywords primary school students; extracurricular reading; interest; guidance
1. Stimulate interest and promote reading
(1) Cleverly use story suspense to induce interest in reading. Everyone loves to listen to stories, especially the children who have grown up with their grandma’s nursery rhymes and mother’s fairy tales. When they hear the teacher telling them stories, they all become energetic, their ears stand up, and they are overflowing with joy. They can’t wait. It would be nice to hear it. With the teacher's passionate, eloquent, intensified and exaggerated storyline, the children have already been brought into an emotional world that is either interesting, thrilling, strange, touching or suspenseful. . Just as the children were listening eagerly, with mixed emotions, and looking forward to the ending, the teacher suddenly stopped and told the children: the plots of the story are intertwined and complicated, and the following ones will be even more exciting. If you want to know what happened, please read the original text by yourself. . At this time, teachers waste no time in recommending relevant reading materials to students. The plot of the student being detained aroused strong interest, and many people asked to borrow books. In this way, the listeners can feel the temptation of extracurricular readings while enjoying the wonderful realm brought by the storyline, and take the initiative to read. This effect is probably more effective than any preaching.
(2) Talk about your own reading experience to stimulate interest. Teachers should often talk about their own (or organize students to talk about) their gains and experiences after reading the reading materials, and use "experiential explanations" to arouse students' emotional excitement and generate a strong desire to read. At the same time, there is a plan to purposely collect some famous quotes about reading for comment and appreciation; tell the stories of famous people who became talented through reading for comparison and education, thereby stimulating students' admiration for readers, desire for books, and forming a desire to make friends with books. Strong intention. In this way, students will actively carry out extensive reading attempts in their spare time.
(3) Introduce the outline of the reading to stimulate the desire to read. Teachers should often purposefully and plannedly introduce some characters, content summaries or exciting excerpts in the book to students, stimulating students' desire to "see the original text for details." For example, after teaching "The Little Match Girl" and "The Emperor's New Clothes", the teacher can introduce "Selected Fairy Tales by Andersen"; combined with the teaching of "The Harmony of Generals" and "The Battle of Red Cliff", the teacher can present "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (children's version) Introduce a summary of some of the exciting content in the book. In this way, students will be driven by interest and ask to borrow books to read, and feel the charm of classics and the art of splendid culture while reading. Practice has proved that only by cultivating students' interest in extracurricular reading can students change "I want to read" to "I want to read."
2. Teach methods and guide reading
Although interest is the driving force for people to engage in any activity, if students only have an interest in extracurricular reading, relying on interest alone will have no purpose or method. The meaning and effectiveness of "going for a leisurely walk" in the vast sea of ??extracurricular reading are also unknown. As reading guides, we should introduce some effective reading methods to students. There are many ways to read. What I want to talk about here are several commonly used and very effective reading methods:
(1) Selective reading method. The use of this method is generally based on students' certain needs for in-class learning or writing, and selective reading of relevant chapters or parts of relevant books and newspapers in order to apply what they have learned. For example, after studying the lesson "Only One Earth", students purposely read the book "Man and Nature" (or look it up online) in order to have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the close relationship between humans, the earth and nature. It not only cultivates students' ability to extract information and use information. At the same time, it also enriches language accumulation and improves reading interest and reading ability.
(2) Intensive reading method.
The so-called intensive reading method is a reading method that concentrates on certain key articles in books and newspapers, and reads them carefully from the surface to the inside, word by word. Yuan Cheng Duanli said: "First learn each sentence word by word, then understand the meaning of one sentence, and then understand the meaning of a chapter, and continue to do it one after another to understand the logic of the text and kill two birds with one stone." This is the traditional three-step intensive reading method. It is the most important and basic means to cultivate students' reading ability. Some articles have meaningful language, quotations from scriptures, and vivid plots. Teachers can use these works as a basis to guide students to read intensively, requiring students to devote themselves wholeheartedly and mobilize multiple senses, so that they can hear it with their mouth, eyes, heart and hands. They can read, think and annotate while gradually developing a serious attitude towards reading. Good habit of reading.
(3) Speed ??reading method. The speed reading method is to quickly observe the general outline of the book or newspaper you are reading without pronouncing it, reading it, or shifting your gaze. This requires students to concentrate and process and digest information quickly during quick browsing. By using the speed reading method, you can get as much information as possible in the least amount of time. If our students can only read carefully word by word, it will be difficult to adapt to the needs of the rapid development of society. Therefore, it is a wise choice to teach students to use speed reading method according to their own reading needs.
(4) Excerpt annotation method. This reading method is to excerpt relevant words, sentences, paragraphs or even the entire original text according to your own needs during the reading process, or mark the key and difficult parts of the reading, make notes, and write comments. As the saying goes: "You can't read without writing." The educational aphorisms, wonderful and vivid words and paragraphs in the article can be excerpted and stored in the "vocabulary" you set up, so as to prepare a wealth of resources for future compositions. Language accumulation. At the same time, you can also cut out good articles from the newspapers and magazines you subscribe to and paste them into your reading notes. Read and think, think and read. In short, reading must be done by "using both hands and brain" to make reading more exciting and effective.
3. Create conditions to promote reading
(1) Organize a book corner. In order to make up for the lack of students' book resources, teachers can mobilize students to temporarily store their personal books in the class and organize students to manage the borrowing by themselves. The library is located in a corner of the classroom, and it is very convenient to borrow and return books at any time between classes.
(2) Guarantee reading time. Teachers promptly recommend appropriate readings or articles based on teaching needs to achieve communication inside and outside class. At the same time, written exercises are reduced and reading assignments are increased to provide space and time for students’ extracurricular reading. Ensure planned extracurricular reading and guidance.
(3) Help choose reading materials to avoid blindness. Primary school students have a strong thirst for knowledge, but lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong. Facing the vast sea of ??books and literature, teachers should carefully help students choose useful reading materials based on their reading ability, ideological status, age characteristics, hobbies and educational needs, and prevent them from doing extracurricular reading indiscriminately and without distinguishing between good and bad. read.
In short, in the new century, extracurricular reading is a brand new field of life for us humans, and it is also an important spiritual resource and trend for human development. If our Chinese language education wants to catch up with the times, it must go beyond the classroom and lead students to "leap horses and plain rivers" to open up a vast world of extracurricular reading.