Ⅰ A Confucius, Mencius Junior Middle School Chinese Language Questions
[Activity 1, Accumulating Quotations of Confucius and Mencius] (4 points)
Among the notes excerpted by the students, there are There are a large number of famous sayings of Confucius and Mencius, such as the sentence about the way of dealing with others advocated by Confucianism: (Do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself
Do not do to others);
Confucius elaborates on his thoughts Sentences with equal importance: (Learning without thinking is a loss, thinking without learning is peril); (Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing);
Mencius’ understanding of a man: (Poverty and humbleness cannot change), ( Wealth cannot be lustful), (power cannot cry);
Mencius’s sentences about life choices and trade-offs: (Life is also what I want,) (righteousness is also what I want), (2 You cannot have both), (Those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness)
[Activity 2: Debating the Thoughts of Confucius and Mencius] (2 points)
Positive: "Benevolence, etiquette, loyalty and righteousness" , Moral government..." is the core of Confucius and Mencius' thought. The life experience and spiritual realm of Confucius and Mencius are of typical significance in constraining the thoughts and behaviors of our modern people, not to mention the famous aphorisms that mark our national spirit, such as "Sacrifice one's life for righteousness" and "Three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition", etc., which have great influence on the descendants of Yan and Huang. positive impact.
[Activity 3: Click on the anecdotes of Confucius and Mencius] (4 points)
① Once, Confucius took Zilu, Zigong and several other disciples out to give lectures. There was a storm on the way. Confucius I was inspired by poetry, so I recited a couplet: "The wind blows thousands of waves on the water, and the rain hits thousands of holes on the beach." It happened that the fisherman heard it, and he said: "The text of this couplet is fresh, but the content is not true. Master, when the wind blows on the water, how can we see thousands of waves? When the rain hits the beach, who can guarantee that the beach will be smashed into thousands of holes?" The fisherman thought for a moment and said: "Today's couplet can only be changed by one word in each couplet. , that is: the wind blows (thousands of waves on the water) and the rain hits (thousands of holes on the beach).
"(please complete the revised couplet) Confucius suddenly woke up and immediately called his disciples to him, Said: "My teacher originally told you that you are born with knowledge. This statement is wrong!
Now it is changed to: ('Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, which is knowing'.) Please use the knowledge you have learned. Complete this space) (2 points) ② Please explain the following two idiom stories about Mencius, and write two stories about Confucius in simple language (2 points)
Mencius’ mother moved three times: Meng Ke’s mother moved three times in order to choose a good environment to educate her children.
The commandment of cutting off the weaving: Mencius’ mother cut the yarn on the loom so that the yarn on the loom could not be woven. The loss of cloth was used to warn the son who gave up his studies.
Two stories of Confucius: _______________; _______________
[Activity 4: Interpretation. Portrait of Confucius] (2 points)
On the eve of the 2357th anniversary of the birth of Confucius, the Confucius Foundation of China officially released the final version of the standard portrait of Confucius to the world in Qufu, Shandong Province, the hometown of Confucius (as shown below). Please integrate the language and. Historical knowledge, answer the question.
① In this statue, Confucius’ hands are clasped together on his chest. Based on our understanding of Confucius, let’s think about what this action means.
Answer. : Confucius said that self-denial, restoration of propriety, and return of benevolence to the world. This ritual includes etiquette, customs and other political systems. This gesture is an expression of ritual, and it can also be understood as Confucius asking questions to others. There are records of Confucius asking about rituals and Laozi in the Historical Records
< p> ② What is the significance of the Confucius Foundation in China publishing the standard portrait of Confucius?Answer: The standard portrait of Confucius solves the long-standing problem of inconsistent images of Confucius and is not conducive to the promotion and promotion of Confucius. Confucius culture plays a positive role in promoting
Ⅱ Please write a story about Confucius and Mencius in simple language
Confucius: Traveling Around the Countries, Mencius: Mencius and the Three Mothers. Move
Ⅲ Idiom stories about Confucius and Mencius Keep it short
Confucius and Mencius’ famous sayings! 1. Mencius’ mother moved three times for him. Good learning environment, moved three times.
2. The idiom about the person who first made the figurines comes from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang, Part 1": "Zhongni (Confucius) said: The person who first made the figurines has no descendants! They are used because they resemble people." During the Warring States Period, there was a meeting between Mencius and Liang King Hui talks about how to govern the country. Mencius asked King Hui of Liang: "Is there any difference between beating someone to death with a stick and killing someone with a knife?" King Hui of Liang replied: "There is no difference." Mencius asked again: "Killing someone with a knife is different from killing someone with a knife." What difference does it make if you use politics to kill people?" King Hui of Liang said: "There is no difference." Mencius continued: "Now there are plenty of fat meat in the king's kitchen and strong horses in the stable, but the people are hungry and lying in the wild. The people in power are leading the beasts to eat people! Your Majesty, think about it, it is disgusting for the beasts to eat each other, so how can the people in power lead the beasts to eat people? ? Confucius once said that the first person to use figurines (the puppets or earthen figures that accompanied the dead in burials in ancient times) had no descendants and no descendants! You see, it is not allowed to use human-shaped earthen figures for burial, so how can the common people be allowed to do so? How about starving to death alive?" According to Confucius's saying, "The one who started the figurines has no successors." Later generations used "the one who started the figurines" as an idiom to describe the first person to do something bad or the founder of a bad trend.
Ⅳ The story about Confucius and Mencius
Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC), his surname was Kong[1], his given name was Qiu, his courtesy name was Zhongni, and his name was Lu (now Lu). People from Qufu, Shandong. He was a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China. He is the founder of Confucianism, the mainstream theory in Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty. Confucius and the Confucianism he founded had a profound impact on ancient China and neighboring countries such as Korea, and were respected by later generations as a role model for all generations. Family History and Life Confucius was a native of Lu, and his ancestors were nobles of the Song Dynasty and descended from merchants. If we combine legends and historical records, the Kong family has a distinguished lineage. In the legendary era of the Five Emperors, there was a deed written by the Ao family. Tang, a descendant of Qi, established the Shang Dynasty. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi, the brother-in-law of the Zhou Dynasty, came to the Song Dynasty. Wei Zi Qi Chuan is located in his younger brother Wei Zhong. Four generations after Wei Zhong, Fu's father surrendered the country to his younger brother and became Song Qing. Fu's father was the fourth descendant of Kong's father Jia. "Five generations of relatives were all gone and they were not part of the public clan", so they became the Kong family. The third generation after Confucius and his father Jia guarded his uncle Ben Lu. Uncle Fang gave birth to Bo Xia, and Bo Xia gave birth to Shu Liang He (name He, courtesy name Shu Liang). Uncle Lianghe lived in Zouyi, Ping Township, Luchang (now southeast of Qufu County, Shandong Province). When he was 72 years old, he married 18-year-old Yan Zhengzai and gave birth to Confucius Zhongni. Legend has it that Yan Zhengzai once saw Qilin before Confucius was born. When Confucius was 3 years old, his uncle Liang He died and was buried in Fangshan. The Yan family moved to Qufu Queli and raised Confucius. He died when he was 17 years old. Confucius found out where his father was buried and buried his parents together in the cave. When Confucius was 19 years old, he married Qi Guan, a native of the Song Dynasty. The next year, Qi Guan gave birth to a son, and Duke Zhao of Lu sent someone to send a carp to express his congratulations. The son was named Kong Li, also known as Boyu. Kong Li died before Confucius, leaving behind his son Kong Ji, also named Zi Si. Confucius was born with his head on the top of the polder [2]. When he grew up, his body was nine feet and six inches long (approximately 1.76 meters in Zhou Dynasty, one said 1.83 meters), and he was called "Changren". Confucius lived a very difficult life in his early years. He said: "I am a young man, so I can do many despicable things." When he was young, he was bullied by Yang Hu, a retainer of the Ji family, but he also served as a commissioned official of the Ji family, and managed the warehouse. and livestock. In the midst of hardships, Confucius was eager to learn. He visited famous teachers and asked for advice with an open mind. He successively studied with Laozi, Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shi Xiang and others. Around the age of thirty, some of the first disciples came to Confucius. Since then, Confucius has been engaged in education. He recruited many disciples. According to legend, he had three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. He pioneered teaching without distinction and teaching in accordance with aptitude, and became a pioneer and representative of the downward movement of academics and private lectures at that time. Therefore, later generations respected him as the "Eternal Teacher" and the "Holy Teacher". According to "Historical Records", he had three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. According to records, Confucius had three thousand disciples, among whom seventy-two were proficient in the six arts, and were called "seventy-two sages." Those who are outstanding in virtue include: Yan Hui, Min Sun, Ran Geng and Ran Yong. Those who are outstanding in political affairs include: Ran Qiu and Zhong You. Those who are outstanding in terms of speech include: Zaiwo and Duanmu Ci. Those who are outstanding in literature include: Yan Yan, Bu Shang, Zhuan Sunshi, Zeng Shen, Tantai Mieming, Yuan Xian, Gong Yechang, Fan Xu, Youruo and Gongxi Chi. After the death of Confucius, "the seventy-year-old disciples scattered among the princes. The older ones became masters and ministers, while the younger ones were friends and ministers." In this way, the aristocratic monopoly system of ministers and ministers was politically broken, and the autocratic monarch was free to appoint and dismiss civilians. The bureaucracy of ministers created the conditions.
The compilation and compilation of ancient books is said to have been written by Confucius ("Mencius: Teng Wen Gong": "Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, and the rebellious ministers and traitors were afraid"). It used the Spring and Autumn writing style to express the great righteousness in a subtle way, and placed Confucius' political ideals on it. (It is now generally believed that "Spring and Autumn" is a new work written by Confucius after editing the historical materials of the original state of Lu and embodying his political ideals. There are also a few scholars who believe that "Spring and Autumn" was not compiled by Confucius.) The era recorded in the book "Spring and Autumn" (previously) 722 to 481 BC) is called the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' disciples and his disciples compiled his teachings into a book, which is the most important document for studying Confucius' thoughts: "The Analects of Confucius". The book "Book of Rites", which was finalized in the Han Dynasty, also contains descriptions of Confucius' thoughts (such as "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean", etc.), and there is also the book "Confucius' Family Sayings" which records Confucius' thoughts. Traditionally, it is considered that many The theory of forgery has gradually received academic attention in recent years. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined the Analects of Confucius and the "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" from the "Book of Rites" with the book "Mencius" which reflected the thoughts of Mencius, the greatest representative of Confucianism after Confucius, who was known as the Yasheng. Together they wrote the "Collected Commentary on the Four Books", which is called the Four Books. The Four Books, together with the five classics "Shi" (Book of Songs), "Shu" (Book of Documents), "Li" (Book of Rites), "Yi" (Book of Changes), and "Spring and Autumn Annals" are collectively known as the "Four Books and Five Classics" and are the core of Confucianism classic. Confucius and Chinese Culture The Qin Dynasty governed the world with Legalist theory, while Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty promoted Taoist theory and governed the country with "inaction". After Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, proposed "abandoning all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone," Chinese culture has been closely linked to Confucius, and Confucius has become a representative figure of Chinese culture. Liu Yizheng, a master of traditional Chinese culture, regards Confucius as "the center of Chinese culture". "The culture of the previous thousands of years was transmitted by Confucius; the culture of the subsequent thousands of years was developed by Confucius; without Confucius, there would be no Chinese culture." . At the age of 35, Duke Zhao of Lu was driven away by the three powerful officials of Lu State: Shu Sun, Ji Sun, and Meng Sun Huan. Confucius left Lu State and went to Qi State. Due to the opposition of Yan Ying, the Prime Minister of Qi, Confucius was not reused by Qi Jinggong for several years, so he returned to Qi State. He went to the state of Lu and gathered his disciples to give lectures. From the ninth year of Lu Dinggong to the fourteenth year of Lu Dinggong, Confucius served in Lu, first as the Prime Minister of Zhongdu (Zhongdu is now Wenshang County, Shandong Province), then as Sikong, and later as the Chief Minister of Kou. This was his political The pinnacle of career. In the tenth year of Lu Dinggong's reign, Lu Dinggong and Qi Jinggong were in Jiagu. Confucius won a diplomatic victory and made Qi return Wenyang and other places that had invaded Lu. In the thirteenth year of Lu Dinggong, in order to re-establish the authority of Lu Gong's office, Confucius planned and implemented the political and military action of "subjugating the three capitals". He hoped to reduce the strength of the Sanhuan officials, so he first fell to the Shusun family, and then fell to the throne. At his expense, the siege and offensive ultimately failed. Under the rule of Confucius, the state of Lu improved quite a lot, which aroused the people of Qi to be alarmed. The Qi official Li Chu designed and presented Lu with female musicians and horses, causing Lu Dinggong to be indifferent to government affairs. This made it difficult to bridge the moral and political differences between Confucius and Lu Gong, Ji Zi, etc. Confucius eventually went to Lu Shiwei. Afterwards, Confucius led his disciples to travel around the country and visited Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Ye, Chu and other places, but they were not reused. During this period, Confucius and his party were trapped and in danger many times in Kuang, Song, Pu and other places; the most serious one was when they ran out of food between Chen and Cai, but Confucius still continued to recite string songs. After fourteen years of wandering around the world, in 484 BC, Confucius, who was nearly 70 years old, was welcomed back to the state of Lu by Ji Kangzi, but he was not appointed by Duke Ai of Lu. During this period, Confucius focused on education and compilation of ancient books. Kong Li, Yan Hui and Zi Lu all left before him. Five years later, Confucius left this world and his disciples and was buried on the shore of Sishui in the north of Qufu City. His disciples mourned him for three years, and Zigong guarded Confucius' grave for six years. Looking back on his life, Confucius said: "When I was fifteen, I was committed to learning; when I was thirty, I was established; when I was forty, I was not confused; when I was fifty, I knew the destiny of heaven; when I was sixty, my ears were obedient; when I was seventy, I followed my heart's desires and did not exceed the rules." Mencius (b.c.) 385 years - about 304 BC), his name is Ke, his name is unknown, some say it is Ziche, some say Ziyu, neither of which is credible. Famous thinker in ancient China. A representative figure of Confucianism during the Warring States Period. A native of Zoucheng, Shandong. Author of "Mencius". Mencius inherited and carried forward the thoughts of Confucius, and became a Confucian master second only to Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby various countries. However, he was not accepted by other countries at that time, so he retired to write with his disciples. There are seven chapters of "Mencius" handed down from generation to generation, and the titles are: "King Hui of Liang" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Gongsun Chou" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Teng Wengong" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Li Lou"; "Wan Zhang" (Part 1 and Part 2);) "Gaozi" goes up and down; "Jinxin" goes up and down. The starting point of his theory is the theory of good nature, proposing "benevolent government" and "kingly way", and advocating the rule of virtue.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "Mencius", "The Analects of Confucius", "The Great Learning (Book)" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" together as the "Four Books". From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a required part of the imperial examination. The distant ancestor of Mencius was the Meng Sun family, a nobleman of the Lu State. After his family declined, he moved from the Lu State to the Zou State. It is said that Mencius lost his father when he was three years old, and Meng's mother raised him with great hardships. She was very strict. Her stories of "moving to another place to teach her son" and "three breaks of opportunity" have become a legend through the ages and are a model of maternal education for future generations. Posthumous honor and disgrace Mencius is one of the most important representatives of Confucianism, but Mencius' status was not very high before the Song Dynasty. Since Han Yu in the mid-Tang Dynasty wrote "Yuan Dao", which listed Mencius as the only person among the Confucian scholars in the pre-Qin Dynasty who inherited Confucius' "Taoism", there was an "upgrade movement" of Mencius, and the status of Mencius and his books gradually increased. In the fourth year of Xining's reign (1071), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, the book "Mencius" was included in the imperial examination subjects for the first time. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Mencius was officially posthumously named "Zou Guogong" for the first time, and the following year he was approved to enjoy the Confucius Temple. Later, "Mencius" was upgraded to a Confucian classic. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty combined "Mencius" with "The Analects of Confucius", "Great Learning", and "The Doctrine of the Mean" into the "Four Books", and its actual status is even higher than the "Five Classics". In the first year of Zhishun in the Yuan Dynasty (1330), Mencius was conferred the title of "Ya Sheng Gong", and he was later called "Ya Sheng", his status was second only to Confucius.
Ⅳ Idiom stories about Confucius and Mencius
Confucius:
1. Perfect: to describe it as extremely good, without any flaws.
When Confucius was in Qi State, he had the opportunity to appreciate what he thought was the most beautiful music [[Shao]]. He said it was 'perfect and perfect!' He was so moved that he kept thinking about it for many days and ate it. The meat has no taste. March does not know the taste of meat. It originally described Confucius' obsession with music. Later generations used it to describe poverty, which is really strange.
2. Talking eloquently: Talking calmly
In the hierarchy of the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius’ status was equivalent to that of a subordinate official. Confucius was a man who strived to be in compliance with every move he made. A person of Zhou Li. He speaks human language when he sees people, and lies when he sees ghosts. In his hometown, he seems gentle and respectful, as if he can't speak; in court occasions, he is good at talking, and is just a little cautious; in the court, when the king is away, he will When he talks to officials at the same level, he talks eloquently and confidently; when he talks to his superiors, he is pleasant-looking; when the monarch comes, he is respectful but uneasy, and very careful.
3. Not giving up day and night: It means that time does not stop. The meaning of the passing of the earth.
Confucius had a strong sense of time. He once sighed to the river: "The passing of time is like this, and they don't give up day and night." It means: Time is gone and will never come back! It's like this. The river keeps flowing like this day and night! Time is like running water, you must cherish it. The reason why Confucius is famous in history is because he understood: time is wealth!
Mencius:
1. The one who first made the figurines
This idiom comes from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang, Part 1": "Zhongni (Confucius) said: The first person who made the figurines has no descendants! They are used to resemble people." < /p>
During the Warring States Period, Mencius and King Hui of Liang once discussed how to govern the country. Mencius asked King Hui of Liang: "Is there any difference between beating someone to death with a stick and killing someone with a knife?"
King Hui of Liang replied: "There is no difference."
Mencius asked again: "What is the difference between killing people with a knife and killing people with politics?"
King Hui of Liang said: "There is no difference."
Mencius Then he said: "Now there is plenty of fat meat in the king's kitchen, and there are many strong horses in the stables, but the people's faces look hungry, and people are lying dead of starvation in the wild. This is the person in power leading the wild beasts to eat people! Think about it, the king. , wild beasts eat each other, which is disgusting to people, so how can those in power be good parents and officials to the people when they bring wild beasts to eat people? Confucius once said that the first to use figurines (the puppets or earthen puppets that accompanied the dead in burials in ancient times) Man, he has no descendants and no descendants! You see, it is not enough to bury people with human-shaped earthen dolls, how can you let the people starve to death alive?"
According to Confucius, "The person who created the terracotta warriors has no descendants. In this sentence, later generations used "the instigator" as an idiom to describe the first person to do something bad or the founder of a bad trend.
2. Fifty steps laugh at a hundred steps. Fifty steps laugh at a hundred steps.
During the Warring States Period, the princes and kingdoms all adopted the strategy of joining forces vertically and horizontally, making contacts far away and attacking close range.
Wars continue year after year, which brings suffering to the people of all countries. Mencius saw it and decided to travel around the country to persuade those warlike monarchs. Mencius came to the state of Liang and met the warlike King Hui of Liang. King Hui of Liang said to Mencius: "I have tried my best to govern the country and love the people, but I don't see the number of people increasing. What is the reason?"
Mencius replied: "Let me use war as an analogy! When two armies meet on the battlefield, a fight will inevitably result. The defeated party will inevitably throw away his helmet and flee for his life. If a soldier runs slowly and only runs fifty steps, he will run away in mockery. A soldier with a hundred steps is "greedy for life and afraid of death."
After Mencius finished telling the story, he asked King Hui of Liang, "Is this right?" King Hui of Liang immediately said, "Of course not!" Mencius said: "Although you love the people, but if you like to fight, the people will suffer. This is the same as the fifty steps."
The idiom is a metaphor for those who laugh at big defeats with small defeats. It also uses "fifty steps to laugh at a hundred steps" to describe practices that are different in degree but essentially the same.
3. Three Moves of Meng’s Mother
Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC), whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu (to be tested, one word is Ziche or Ziju). He was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period and a descendant of Lu Guoqing's father. A famous thinker and educator in ancient China, and a representative figure of Confucianism during the Warring States Period. Author of "Mencius". Mencius inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius. He was known as the "Senior Sage" and was collectively called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. During the Warring States Period, there was a great scholar named Mencius. Mencius was very naughty when he was young. His mother spent a lot of effort to give him a good education! Once, they lived next to the cemetery.
Mencius and the neighbor's children imitated the way adults kneeled down and cried, and played the game of funeral arrangements. Mencius's mother saw it and frowned: "No! I can't let my children live here!" Mencius's mother took Mencius to live next to the market. When he arrived at the market, Mencius and the neighbor's children began to learn how merchants did business.
Now he bows to welcome the guests, now entertains the guests, and now bargains with the guests, the performance is very similar! Mencius's mother knew it, and frowned again: "This place is not suitable for my children to live either!" So, they moved again. This time, they moved near the school. Mencius began to become orderly, polite, and like to read. At this time, Mencius's mother nodded with satisfaction and said: "This is the place where my son should live!"
Ⅵ The stories about Confucius and Mencius should each be shorter and within 200 words
Mencius: One storm and ten colds
During the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended and lobbying was very popular. Generally speaking, lobbyists not only have profound scholarship and rich knowledge, but they are especially outstanding in using profound and vivid metaphors to satirize those in power. Mencius was also a famous debater at that time. There is such a record in the first chapter of "Mencius" "Gaozi":
Mencius was dissatisfied with King Qi's stupidity, lack of perseverance in doing things, and credulity in treacherous and slanderous words. He said to him rudely: "The king is too unwise. Although there are living creatures with strong vitality in the world, if you leave them in the sun for a day and then freeze them in a cold place for ten days, they will not survive." You are still alive there! My time with the king is very short. Even if the king has some determination to do good, as soon as I leave you, those traitorous ministers will come to deceive you again, and you will listen to them and call me. What should we do?" He then gave a vivid metaphor: "Playing chess may seem like a trivial matter, but if you don't concentrate on it, you won't learn well and won't win. Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country. An expert, he taught two apprentices. One of them was attentive and listened to Yi Qiu's instructions; the other was always afraid of the big swan coming and was preparing to shoot the geese with arrows. The two apprentices were taught by the same master and learned together. However, the performance of the latter is far behind. This is not a difference in their intelligence, but in their level of concentration; "This is a very teaching story. We have to learn one thing and do it well." One thing requires concentration and hard work.
If you do something today, throw it away, and do it again the next ten days, how can you do things well? This is also one of the determining factors for success in studying and doing things. Therefore, later people simplified Mencius' saying: "One day is violent, ten days are cold" into an idiom "One day is violent and ten days are cold". It is a metaphor for lack of perseverance in studying and doing things, and is a way of saying that there is no perseverance in studying. For example, a classmate is very casual about studying, and has little time to study and a lot of time to waste. We would say: His behavior is very cold. , what can be learned there?
Ⅶ The stories about Confucius and Mencius have one name each, name!
Confucius: Two Children Distinguishing the Sun
Mencius: Mencius’s mother moved three times
Ⅷ The story about Confucius and Mencius is less than 50 words
Confucius’ story: “The stables were burned. Zi retreated from the court and said, "Did it hurt anyone?" He didn't ask about the horse. " (The general meaning is: Confucius retreated from the court and learned that the stables were burned. He only asked "whether it hurt anyone." No matter the casualties of the horses.)
In summary, it is just about Confucius When dealing with the burning of the stables, Confucius first considered human issues, which is consistent with Confucius's theory that "the benevolent man loves others". It cannot simply be said that Confucius "valued people and despised animals", but should say that Confucius was handling the matter. The problem is the concern for people.
Mencius’s story:
Mencius often skipped school. When Meng’s mother found out, she picked up a knife and cut the warp on the loom. It is a metaphor that studying is like weaving. You can't give up half-way, or you will achieve nothing.
Confucius:
He who works hard forgets to eat, and takes pleasure to forget his worries
When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is a man who forgets to eat when he is so worked up and forgets his worries because of his pleasure. , I don’t know that old age is coming. "At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the country for nine years. After going through many hardships, not only was he not appointed by the princes, but he was also almost killed. However, Confucius did not retreat despite the difficulties. He remained optimistic and persisted in his ideals, even when he knew that he could not do it. For this reason.
Eternal Scandal - Zi meets Nanzi
In 496 BC (the fourteenth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), Confucius was summoned by Nanzi, the wife of Duke Ling of Wei, in the state of Wei. Zilu was very critical of Confucius when he met Nanzi (Nanzi was a scandalous woman at that time).
Ancient Love
Confucius was very angry when he heard the news that Zheng Guozi had died. Sad, praising Zichan as "an ancient love"
(Fang Xuanling, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, named his son Fang Yiai)
Peace of mind and happiness
Confucius said: "Being rich and noble without justice is like a floating cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, doing justice is the highest value of life. When there is a conflict between wealth and poverty and morality, he would rather suffer poverty than give up morality. . But his idea of ??living in poverty and enjoying the Tao cannot be seen as not seeking wealth, but only seeking to maintain Tao. This is not consistent with historical facts. Confucius also said: "Wealth and honor are what people want; if they don't follow the Tao, they can't get it." Everywhere. Poverty and lowliness are what people hate; if you don't follow the right path, you won't get rid of them. "If you are rich and can be sought after, even if you are a whip-wielding man, I will do it." If you can't ask for it, just do what I like. ”
Never tired of learning and tireless in teaching
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed a strong interest in all kinds of knowledge. Therefore, he was famous for his versatility and profound knowledge at the time. , was almost regarded as an omniscient sage, but Confucius himself did not think so. Confucius said: "If sage and benevolent, how dare I? Never tire of doing it, never tire of teaching. " Confucius studied impermanence. Whoever has knowledge or has something he doesn't know, he will worship him as his teacher. Therefore, he said, "When three people walk together, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and follow the bad ones. Change it. ”
Practice on a straight path
Confucius was upright by nature, and he advocated walking on a straight path. He once said: “As for me, who will criticize me and who will praise me?” If you have a reputation, you have to try it. This is the people, the reason why the three generations have followed the straight path. "Historical Records" records that when Confucius was in his thirties, he asked Lao Tzu for etiquette. When leaving, Lao Tzu said: "Those who are wise and thoughtful and close to the deceased are good at discussing others." Those who speak eloquently endanger their own lives and bring evil to others. He who is the son of others should not think of himself, and he who is the subject of others should not think of himself.
"This is Laozi's kind reminder to Confucius, and also pointed out some of Confucius' shortcomings, that is, he looks at problems too profoundly, speaks too sharply, and hurts some people with status, which will bring great danger to himself. With the spirit of being kind to others, Concept Confucius founded a moral theory centered on benevolence. He himself was a very kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous to others. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." The villain is evil. "Be kind to yourself and not blame others" and so on, are his principles of life.
Mencius
Three Moves of Meng’s Mother
Once upon a time, when Mencius was young, his father died early, and his mother did not remarry as a festival. At first, they lived next to the cemetery. Mencius and the neighbor's children imitated the way adults kneeled down and cried, and played the game of funeral arrangements. Mencius's mother saw it and frowned: "No! I can't let my children live here!" Mencius's mother took Mencius to the market to live near the place where pigs and sheep were killed. When he arrived at the market, Mencius and the neighbor's children learned how merchants did business and butchered pigs and sheep. Mencius's mother found out and frowned again: "This place is not suitable for my children to live either!" So they moved again. This time, they moved near the school. At this time of every month on the first day of the lunar calendar, officials went to the Confucian Temple, bowed and knelt down, and treated each other politely. Mencius learned to remember everything he saw.
Ⅹ Write a story related to Confucius (or Mencius)
Mencius and King Hui of Liang’s story about the originator: "Mencius·King Hui of Liang 1" King Hui of Liang He said: "I am willing to accept my teachings." Mencius said to him: "What is the difference between using a stile and a blade to kill people?" He said: "There is no difference." "Is there any difference between using a blade and government?" He said: "No "It's different." He said: "There are fat meat in the kitchen, fat horses in the stables, hungry people, and hungry animals in the wild. The animals eat each other, and the people are the parents of the people. It is inevitable for the government to do so." Why did he lead the beasts to eat people? Zhongni said: "The one who started making figurines has no descendants!" Why did he make the people starve to death? Translation: King Hui of Liang said: "I am willing to listen to your advice." Mencius replied: "Is there any difference between killing someone with a stick and killing someone with a knife?" King Hui said: "There is no difference. " (Mencius asked again:) "Is there any difference between killing people with a knife and killing people with harsh government?" King Hui said: "There is no difference." Mencius said: "There is fat meat in the kitchen. There are strong horses in the sheds, (but) the people look hungry, and there are corpses of people who have died of starvation in the wild. It is like leading wild animals to eat people! People are disgusted when they see wild animals eating each other, but as a common people, The parents who carry out administrative duties are not free from leading wild beasts to eat people. How can they be regarded as the parents of the people? Confucius said: 'Does the person who first made the wooden figurines and clay dolls for burial have no descendants?' Just because human-like figurines are not enough, how can you let the people die of hunger?" Source: Composition and Examination·High School Edition