Du Yu

Zi Yuankai, a native of Duling, Jingzhao, loved reading Zuo's "Spring and Autumn Annals". People at the time said he was addicted to "Zuo Zhuan", and he was proficient in classics and well-versed in them. The art of war is better than planning, so the government and the public praised him as "Du Wenku". Du Yu was incapable of martial arts but was good at using troops. He was good at strategy and used troops to win, which was beyond the reach of other generals. More than 50 strategies were put forward to stabilize the border and benefit the country and save the border, all of which were adopted. In 278, Yang Hu succeeded Yang Hu as the governor of Jingzhou Zhu

Military

and the general of Zhennan, planning to destroy Wu.

He cleverly implemented the plan of advancing both by land and water. He sent general Zhou Zhi and other elite troops to cross the river at night, raided Lexiang, captured Sun Xin, the commander-in-chief of Wu's western front and the governor, and took advantage of the victory to take the capital of Wu directly. Jianye. This person was the first person to be responsible for destroying Soochow. Jin's war to destroy Wu ended the state of division and separatism since the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms. It was also the only successful unification war in the 400 years of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the war, Du Yu thought that although the world was safe, he would be in danger if he forgot about the war. He was diligent in preaching martial arts, built Pan Palace, and Jianghan was virtuous and transformed into thousands of miles. Du Yu died in Deng County, Jingzhou, at the age of sixty-three. The emperor was very sad and posthumously awarded him the title of General Zhengnan, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, and his posthumous title was Cheng.

Yang Hu (221-278), courtesy name Shuzi, was born in Nancheng, Mount Tai (southwest of Feixian County, Shandong Province today) and was a famous strategist in the Western Jin Dynasty. Yang Hu was born into a distinguished family of nobles in the Han and Wei dynasties. Starting from him and going back nine generations, every generation of the Yang family had people holding official positions of more than two thousand shi, and they were all known for their integrity and virtue. Yang Hu's grandfather, Yang Xu, served as the prefect of Nanyang in the late Han Dynasty. His father, Yang Di, was the prefect of Shangdang during the Cao Wei period. His mother, Cai, was the daughter of Cai Yong, a famous Confucian in the Han Dynasty and Zuo Zhonglang general. His sister married Sima Shi, the son of Sima Yi. Yang Hu lost his father at the age of twelve, and his filial piety outweighed common etiquette. Yangdan was also very respectful in serving his uncle. He once visited the Wenshui River and met an old man who said that he "has a good appearance. He is not yet sixty years old and will definitely make great contributions to the world" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). After the old man finished speaking, he left without knowing where he was. When Yang Hu grew up, he became famous all over the world for being erudite, good at writing, and good at debating. Moreover, he has a handsome appearance, is seven feet three inches in length, and has a handsome man and eyebrows. The county general Xia Houwei thought that he was different from ordinary people, so he married his brother Xiahou Ba's daughter to him. Yang Hu was recommended as an official in charge of planning, and the state officials recruited him four times as an engaged scholar and scholar. Since the ruling class of Cao Wei was fighting for the highest power at this time, this struggle was mainly between the Cao Group and the Sima Group. Yang Hu was related by marriage to both parties in the struggle. Yang Hu, who was caught in the middle, was unwilling to get involved in the whirlpool, so he adopted an evasive attitude and did not agree. After seeing him, Guo Yi from Taiyuan said: "This is Yan Zi today" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). In the third year of Jingchu (239), Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui passed away, and Qi King Cao Fang who succeeded him as emperor was only eight years old. General Cao Shuang and Taiwei Sima Yi were ordered to assist the government, and the struggle between the two groups became fierce. In the early years of Zhengshi, the Cao Group clearly had an advantage in the struggle. Cao Shuang pushed Sima Yi to the idle position of Taifu, and put the power of commanding the imperial army and controlling key officials in the hands of his brothers and confidants, thereby controlling the real power of the government. Sima Yi implemented a strategy of concealment and pretended to be sick, but secretly stepped up his arrangements and waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Although Yang Hu is young, he is very politically minded. He judged that Cao Shuang would eventually be no match for Sima Yi. Later, Yang Hu and Wang Shen were conquered by Cao Shuang. Wang Shen persuaded Yang Hu to take up the post, but Yang Hu said: "It's not easy to appoint people to deal with people" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). Wang Chen answered the call alone. Due to his family status, although Yang Hu is basically isolated from the struggle between the two major groups, he is ideologically and emotionally closer to the Sima clan. In the tenth year of Zhengshi (249), Sima Yi launched the Gaopingling Incident, killed Cao Shuang, and gained military and political power. After the coup, Sima Yi aggressively eliminated the Cao Group, and many people related to Cao Shuang were executed. Xiahou Ba, Yang Hu's father-in-law, surrendered to Shu to escape the slaughter. Wang Chen was also dismissed because he was an old official of Cao Shuang, so he said to Yang Hu: "Common sense, sir, please tell me before." Yang Hu comforted him and said, "This is beyond my control" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu") pass"). This is how he is, both foresighted and unwilling to show off. In this disaster, Yang Hu was not punished for his father-in-law's surrender to Shu. This was probably due to his pro-Sima political attitude. Xiahou Ba surrendered to the Shu Kingdom, and most of his relatives severed ties with their families for fear of being implicated. Only Yang Hu comforted his family members, sympathized with his relatives, and was close to him with kindness and courtesy, which made him feel better than usual. Soon, Yang Hu's mother and eldest brother Yang Fa died one after another. Yang Hu has been in mourning and mourning for more than ten years. During this period, he regarded himself as a Taoist, honest and simple, just like a Confucian scholar. In the second year of Zhengyuan (255), Sima Shi died of illness, and Sima Zhao took power as a general. Sima Zhao was appointed as the general and conquered Yang Hu, but Yang Hu did not respond. As a result, the imperial government went to worship Yang Hu as the minister of Zhongshu, and soon he was promoted to the minister of Shizhong and Huangmen. At that time, Emperor Wei of the Wei Dynasty, Gaogui Township Duke Cao Mao, was fond of literature. The ruler wanted to inherit the emperor's wishes and contributed many poems. Runan and Di were reprimanded for disobeying the emperor's wishes. In the imperial court, although Yang Hu was among the scholar-bureaucrats, he was upright and never got close to each other. Therefore, knowledgeable people especially respected him. During the period of Cao Huan, King of Chenliu, Yang Hu was granted the title of Marquis of Guannei, with a settlement of 100 households. Because Yang Hu disapproved of the emperor, he no longer wanted to be a servant and asked to go out. Later it was changed to secretary supervisor. In the last years of Cao Wei, the world was completely dominated by the Sima family, and Sima Yi, his father and his son were in power one after another.

They deposed and killed two emperors, killed ministers many times, changed rules and regulations, issued orders, and became actual rulers without the title of emperor. At this time, Yang Hu had joined the Sima Group and gradually rose to become an important figure in the group. Sima Yan established the fifth-class nobility system, and Yang Hu was granted the title of Jupingzi due to his meritorious service, and was granted a settlement of 600 households. At that time, Zhong Hui was quite favored by the emperor, but he was jealous of his nature. Yang Hu was afraid of him and kept away from him. After Zhong Hui was executed, Yang Hu was appointed as the Prime Minister and worked as a lieutenant, and secretly kept secrets with Xun Xu, another confidant of Sima Yan. On the eve of the Jin Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, Sima Yan transferred Yang Hu to be the leader of the central army. He was on duty in the palace, commanded the imperial army, and was also in charge of internal and external political affairs. In December of the second year of Xianxi (January 266), Sima Yan was proclaimed emperor by Zen, established the Western Jin Dynasty, and was known as Emperor Wu of Jin in history. Because of Yang Hu's meritorious service, he was promoted to the rank of General of the Central Army, given the rank of regular attendant on the cavalry, and promoted to the title of Duke of the County, with a settlement of 3,000 households. Yang Hu was afraid of arousing the jealousy of Jia Chong and other powerful ministers, so he refused to be granted the title of duke and only received the title of marquis. Therefore, I was promoted to the title of marquis by Ju Pingzi, who was appointed as a doctor, assigned the post of nine officials, and gave his wife the seal and ribbon. . In the early years of Taishi, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty issued an edict: "The husband is responsible for the balance of the body and the six positions, which is the foundation of the government. Hu is responsible for the virtues of the Qing Dynasty, loyalty, brightness, purity and virtuousness. The importance of the chief cardinal does not mean that he is entrusted with responsibility. He appoints Hu as the right servant of Shangshu and the general of Wei, and gives the troops to the camp." ("Jin Shu Biography of Yang Hu"). At that time, Wang You, Jia Chong, Pei Xiu and others were all famous and respected ministers of the previous dynasty, and Yang Hu was humble to them. After Emperor Wu of Jin became emperor, he always had the ambition to swallow Wu. He actively planned a war to eliminate the Sun Wu regime in order to achieve the great cause of unifying the country. In the fifth year of Taishi (269), Sima Yan appointed generals Wei, Sima, Pinzhong Tongting, Lun, Youkan Yunluo Badgermu, Lu Jiami Yingyi, Hemorrhoids Dimeimeiwo Shuchou? V At that time, the Western Jin Dynasty and Sun Wu each had a Jingzhou, forming a confrontation between the north and the south. Jingzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty included today's Shaanxi, a small part of Henan and northern Hubei. Jingzhou of Wu State included most of today's Hubei and Hunan. The longest boundary line between Jin and Wu was Jingzhou, so this was a key area in the war to destroy Wu. After Yang Hu took office, he found that the situation in Jingzhou was not stable. Not only were the people's lives not stable enough, but the garrison's food supply was also insufficient. Therefore, Yang Hu first focused on developing Jingzhou. Yang Hu opened a large number of schools, established education, appeased the people, and welcomed people from far away. He also treated the people of Wu with openness and sincerity. Anyone who surrendered could decide whether to stay or go. Demolition of old government offices is also prohibited. It was a custom at that time that if an official died in his official residence, his successor would say that his residence was unlucky, and the old residence would often be demolished and a new one built. Yang Hu believes that life and death are determined by fate, and it is forbidden to order subordinates outside the living room. The most important thing is that the design enabled Wu to withdraw the Shicheng garrison that posed the greatest threat to Xiangyang. Wu's Shicheng garrison was more than 700 miles away from Xiangyang and often invaded the border. Yang Hu was deeply aware of the danger, so he used a clever trick to make Wu withdraw its defense. Then Yang Hu divided the army into two halves, with one half carrying out military tasks of patrolling and guarding, and the other half cultivating fields. At that time, the entire army cultivated more than 800 hectares of land. When Yang Hu first arrived, the army did not even have enough food for a hundred days. Later, the food savings could last ten years. These measures taken by Yang Hu quickly stabilized the social order in Jingzhou and enhanced the combat effectiveness of the army. In recognition of his achievements, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty ordered the cancellation of all governorships in Jiangbei and granted Yang Hunan the position of Zhonglang General, responsible for commanding all the armies in the Jiangxia region in eastern Han Dynasty. In the army, Yang Hu often wore light and warm furs, loose belts, and no armor. Under the Bell Pavilion, there were only a dozen soldiers who were ordered to guard. Moreover, he likes hunting and fishing, so he often neglects his official duties. One night, when he wanted to leave the camp, Army Commander Xu Yin held a firewood halberd to block the camp gate and said: "The general is the governor of Wanli, and you can escape easily! The safety of the general is also the safety of the country. If Yin dies today, this door will be opened "Ear" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). Yang Hu changed his appearance, apologized repeatedly, and seldom went out from then on. Soon, Yang Hu was awarded the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry, and received special treatment as the third minister of the Kaifu. Yang Hu made a solid statement: "I heard the imperial edict, and appointed me to the same department. Since I was born, I have served for more than ten years, and have been appointed to various important tasks, both internal and external. I often use my intelligence to make progress, and I am favored by grace." Don't be fooled for a long time, fight all day and night, and worry about glory. I heard the ancients said that if your virtue is not admired by others, it will make your talented officials not advance; Don't advise. I am entrusting my relatives with good fortune, and I am warned that I should not be overly favored. However, if I receive an imperial edict from you, I will receive an honor that is not second to none. How could it be possible to humiliate one's high position and overthrow one's ancestors? If one disobeys the order and sincerely disobeys the power of Heaven, this is what the ancients said. Although I am a villain, I dare to be favored by others, and I want to keep this righteousness. Today, it has been eight years since I surrendered. Although I have been sidelined to seek talents, I have not left behind my humbleness. However, I have not recommended the virtues and achievements to make the saints listen. There are many ministers who know how to be successful, but there are many who have not achieved it. If there are virtues left behind in the banzhu, there are talents hidden in the butchers, but the ministers will not feel wrong when they are used, and they will not feel ashamed when they are treated. Isn't it great! Although I have been a traitor for a long time, I am not as favored by both civil and military officials as I am now, waiting for the high position of prime minister and assistant. And although I have seen a narrow view, according to today's Guanglu doctor Li? Lu Zhi, the official of Guanglu, was clean and devoid of desires, harmonious but different; Li Yin, the official of Guanglu, was clear and simple, and when he was in court, he always served Huafa and started with courtesy. Family, but I have not yet been selected, and I am going beyond it, how can I block the hope of the world, and how little will I gain from the sun and the moon? Therefore, I vow to keep my integrity and have no ambition to make progress.

Today, the road is open, but there are many things happening in the corner. I beg to leave my kindness and envoys to return to the camp as soon as possible. If you don't linger, there will be trouble in foreign countries. The ambition of an ordinary man cannot be taken away" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). But the court did not agree to his resignation. In this year, Yang Hu was forty-nine years old. In the sixth year of Taishi (270), Wu Guo was in The governor of Jingzhou was replaced by the famous military strategist Lu Kang. After Lu Kang arrived in Jingzhou, he noticed the trends of the Western Jin Dynasty and immediately sent a letter to the Lord of Wu, Sun Hao. Prepare carefully for war. He summarized his ideas into seventeen suggestions and requested them to be implemented. The arrival of Lu Kang aroused Yang Hu's vigilance and uneasiness. Therefore, he stepped up military arrangements in Jingzhou and submitted a secret report to Emperor Wu of Jin. The secret list suggested that the war against Wu must take advantage of the convenient conditions in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and launch a large naval force in Yizhou (now Sichuan). In August of the eighth year of Taishi (272), Sun Hao, the leader of Wu, dismissed the governor of Xiling (now Yichang, Hubei). Bu Chan refused to return to Jianye for fear of being killed. In September of that year, Lu Kang heard the news and immediately sent troops to besiege Xiling (see the Battle of Xiling). Emperor Wu of Jin ordered Yang Hu and the Brazilian supervisor Xu Yin. Each led their troops to attack Jiangling (today's Jiangling, Hubei) and Jianping (today's Wu County, Sichuan) to disperse Lu Kang's forces from the east and west, in order to realize the plan of Jingzhou Governor Yang Zhao to directly go to Xiling to rescue Bu Chan, but Lu Kang failed. After crossing the road north of Jiangling, there were difficulties in transporting food and fodder for the 50,000 Jin army. In addition, the city of Jiangling was well defended and difficult to attack. Yang Hu Dun's troops were stationed under the city and could not advance, so they were defeated by Lu Kang and marched to the city. The traitor was punished. One of his superiors reported: "There are more than 80,000 people under Hu's command, but the number of thieves is only 30,000. Hu Dun sent troops to Jiangling to prepare the bandits. So Yang Zhao's partial army was sent into danger. There were few soldiers and food supplies were in short supply, and the soldiers were bruised and bruised. Disobeying the imperial edict, there is no ministerial integrity. If you can be removed from office, you will be promoted to a marquis" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). As a result, Yang Hu was demoted to General Pingnan, and Yang Zhao was demoted to a commoner. After the failure of the rescue in Xiling, Yang Hu summed up his lessons and understanding To: Although Wu's national power has declined, it still has a certain degree of strength, especially since Jingzhou still has outstanding generals like Lu Kang in charge of the military. The war against Wu should not be rushed. Therefore, he adopted a two-sided strategy of military cannibalization and promotion of faith. In order to accumulate strength, disintegrate the opponent, and find the right time to destroy Wu. In view of the historical experience of Meng Xianzi operating Wulao and Zheng people being afraid, and Yan Ruo building Dongyang and Laizi surrendering, Yang Hu advanced with his troops and occupied the strategic location east of Jingzhou. He built five cities in succession and used them as a basis to occupy the fertile land and seize the Wu people's assets. As a result, the west of Shicheng was occupied by the Jin State, and the Wu people came to surrender in an endless stream. . On the border of Jingzhou, Yang Hu was loyal to the people and the army of Wu. Every time he fought with the Wu people, Yang Hu agreed with the opponent in advance on the time for the battle, and never carried out surprise attacks on the generals who advocated sneak attacks. Yang Hu made them drunk with wine and did not allow them to talk anymore. One of his subordinates caught the children of two generals of the Wu army. When Yang Hu found out, he immediately ordered the children to be sent back. Later, Wu generals Xia Xiang and Shao Jie came. After surrendering, the father of the two young men also came with his subordinates. Wu generals Chen Shang and Pan Jing attacked, and Yang Hu chased them down. Afterwards, they were rewarded with a feast of death and the sons of the two families came to attend the funeral. , Yang Hu returned him with gifts. Wu general Deng Xiang invaded Xiakou, and Yang Hu offered a reward for his capture. After capturing him, Deng Xiang was grateful and led his troops to surrender. At the border, the rice in the fields was harvested to provide for the army, but each time it was repaid with silk according to the harvested quantity. When hunting, Yang Hu restrained his men and was not allowed to cross the border if any animals were injured by the Wu people and then captured by the Jin soldiers. , he returned them all. These actions of Yang Hu convinced Wu people and they respected him very much. They did not call him by his name, but only called him "Yang Gong". Lu Kang knew very well about Yang Hu's actions, so he often warned him. The soldiers said: "He is dedicated to virtue, and I am dedicated to violence. I surrender without fighting." Each is just maintaining the boundary, not seeking small profits" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). Therefore, for a long period of time, the Jingzhou border between Jin and Wu was in a state of peace. Yang Hu and Lu Kang faced off, and the two sides There were often envoys coming and going. Lu Kang praised Yang Hu for his virtue and fortitude, "Although Leyi and Zhuge Kongming could not pass it" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"), Lu Kang fell ill and asked Yang Hu for medicine. He immediately sent someone to deliver the medicine and said: "This is the medicine I prepared recently. I haven't taken it yet. I heard that you are sick, so I will give it to you first." General Wu was afraid that there was fraud in it, so he advised Lu Kang not to obey. Lu Kang did not doubt it, and said: "Yang Hu is not a poisoner" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography")! He admired and obeyed. People at that time said , this may be due to the reunion between Hua Yuan and Zi Fan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, heard about Lu Kang's behavior on the border and was very confused. He sent someone to rebuke him, and Lu Kang replied: "One city and one township cannot be dishonest. , what a big country! If the minister does not do this, it will only show his virtue and will not hurt Hu" ("Jin Shu Biography of Yang Hu"). Sun Hao was speechless. Yang Hu was on the border and had a reputation for virtue, but in the middle of the court, he was He was always slandered. He was honest and loyal, hated evil and had no selfish motives, so he was hated by Xun Xu, Feng Yu and others. Hu was very dissatisfied, and Wang Yan brushed his clothes and left. Yang Hu said to the guests: "Wang Yifu was in a high position because of his great reputation, but he was ruined by the secular world." ("Book of Jin·Biography of Yang Hu"). During the war, Yang Hu once wanted to kill Wang Rong according to military law. Therefore, Wang Rong and Wang Yan resented him and often attacked him in their conversations. People at that time said: "The two kings are in charge of the country, and Yang Gong has no virtue." "Yang Hu Biography").

In October of the second year of Xianning (276), Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty changed the title of Yang Hu to the general of the Southern Conquest, and restored all his powers before his demotion. At the beginning, Yang Hu believed that if he wanted to conquer Wu, he must rely on the favorable terrain in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. At that time, there was a nursery rhyme in the state of Wu: "A boy is like a boy, he floats across the river with a knife in his hand, not afraid of the beasts on the shore, but afraid of the dragon in the water" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). After hearing this, Yang Hu said: "This must be a meritorious service for the navy, but we should think of those who deserve his name" ("Book of Jin·Yang Hu Biography"). It happened that Wang F, the governor of Yizhou, was recruited as the chief agricultural officer. Yang Hu found that Wang F's talent could be used for important tasks, and Wang F's small character was "A Tong", which was exactly what the nursery rhyme said. At that time, Wang F was a controversial figure within the Western Jin Dynasty. Yang Hu strongly affirmed Wang F's military talents and advocated giving him whatever he wanted and giving full play to his talents.