1. The purpose of classical Chinese literature in junior high schools

"Children's Interest" is a very interesting prose that recalls childhood life. The article focuses on the center of "Remembering Interest" and selects , describes several interesting things in childhood such as watching mosquitoes like cranes, traveling in the mountains and forests, and whipping toads, showing the joy of childhood life.

The main sentence of "Children's Interest" is: I recall that when I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and see clearly the details. I would carefully examine the texture of small things when I saw them, so I always had an interest in things. The Ten Principles of the Analects of Confucius advocates a love of learning, including reading, doing research, being a good person, increasing knowledge and cultivating moral unity.

"Mountain City" The author of this article describes the unpredictable mountain city mirage with a changing pen, and describes the mountain city mirage that people rarely see vividly, vividly and vividly. . The metaphor of brother Hu'er in "Song of Snow" is more similar in form, while the metaphor of brother and daughter is similar in spirit. Both metaphors have their own advantages.

This article shows Xie Daoyun's intelligence and outstanding talent by writing about Yongxue. At the end, he laughed openly and expressed his appreciation for Xie Daoyun's talent. At the end, he specially introduced Xie Daoyun to prove that he appreciated Xie Daoyun's talent. Enlightenment: This shows that geniuses also need a good growth environment.

"Chen Taiqiu and his friends" This article records the conversation between Chen Yuanfang and the visitors. It shows Chen Yuanfang's intelligence, his understanding of how to behave, his sense of reason, and his magnanimity.

It explains the importance of "propriety" and "trust", and warns people to be honest and upright in doing things, otherwise they will lose friends. We also don’t want to be rude to adults.

"Sophon Suspicious of Neighbors" tells us that if we have selfish interests and believe in others, we will not be able to listen to other people's helpful advice. On the contrary, the person who gave the advice will be regarded as the person who harmed himself; "A blessing in disguise" warns us that under certain conditions, misfortunes can turn into blessings, and under other circumstances, blessings can turn into disasters, indicating that things are interdependent. A simple dialectical view of mutual transformation.

"Shang Zhongyong" goes through Fang Zhongyong's change process from being extremely talented when he was a child to being "lost to everyone" when he grew up, and points out that the reason for his decline in talent is "not learning" and "others". "Those who have received it from others will not come to it", which shows that people's knowledge and talent must not simply lead the talent, but must pay attention to acquired education and learning, emphasizing the importance of acquired education and training in the development of talents. "Mulan Poem" The male rabbit's feet are twitchy, and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred.

Two rabbits walking next to each other, can they tell whether I am a male or a female? This poem tells the story of Mulan disguising herself as a man and joining the army on her father’s behalf. It expresses Mulan’s noble qualities of hard work, wisdom, courage, strength and not being greedy for profit, as well as her noble spirit of patriotism and love for her family. "Sun Quan's Encouragement to Study" This article emphasizes the important role of reading and studying in increasing talents and "taking charge of affairs" through the story of Sun Quan's encouragement to study.

The main sentence of "Volume Skills": There are people in Beijing who are good at ventriloquism. Central idea: Feel the charm of this folk art and the superb skills of ventriloquists.

"Kuafu Zhuri" writes about people's courage to fight against natural things and Kuafu's incomparable heroism, reflecting the strong desire and tenacious will of ancient people to explore and conquer nature. "The Workers' Anger Touched Mount Buzhou" is a fairy tale.

It reflects the struggle between ancient tribes and involves the theory of Gaitian in ancient astronomy. Ancient humans obviously could not explain the reasons for the changes in the movement of the sun, moon and stars. The best explanation for this phenomenon is to use myths, bold imagination and exaggeration to explain the "sky tilts to the northwest" and "the earth is dissatisfied with the southeast". Phenomenon.

Magical legends tinged with realism. "Wolf" How can the beasts change into deceitful ways? It only adds laughter.

It shows that no matter how cunning the wolf is, it is no match for man, and will eventually be defeated by man's bravery and wisdom. The main purpose of this article is very clear, which is the author’s discussion in the last paragraph.

The article is narrated mainly with the wolf in mind, and the main theme of the story is summarized from the perspective of the wolf's own destruction.

"Peach Blossom Spring" yearns for a peaceful pastoral life, reflects the people's aversion to war and the desire to pursue a peaceful life, expresses the author's dissatisfaction with reality and longing for an ideal society, and the peaceful and peaceful artistic conception, and In sharp contrast to the dark society, the article "The Inscription on the Humble House" expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of living in a shabby house, living in poverty and enjoying life through the description and praise of the shabby house, and expresses the noble moral character of not admiring wealth and not collaborating with the world, which is the main purpose of the Inscription on the Humble House. location.

Borrow objects to express emotions, and support objects to express aspirations. "The Theory of Love for the Lotus" says that the lotus that I love comes out of the mud but is not stained, and washes the ripples clear without being evil.

It reflects the author’s noble character of not collaborating with the world and being honest and upright by praising the lotus. From the content point of view, this article can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part fully describes the noble image of the lotus. The layout and description are excellent; the second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on the three flowers, and uses the lotus to describe itself, expressing the author's deep sigh. "He Zhou Ji" clearly states that there is a wonderful person called Wang Shuyuan who can use wood of an inch in diameter to create palaces, utensils, people, and even birds, beasts, wood and rocks, regardless of the situation, and each has its own mood.

It is an explanatory essay about an exquisite handicraft. It reproduces the superb skills of the sculptor in simple and vivid language, showing the ingenuity of the working people in ancient my country and the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese arts and crafts. . "The Journey of the Great Road" The Journey of the Great Road should also express Confucius's eagerness for a peaceful and prosperous age during the Spring and Autumn Period, when there were many wars, right? He believes that when the Great Dao is implemented, a "Great Harmony" society will be formed in which "the world is for the public, selects the talented and capable, stresses trust and cultivates harmony."

"Three Gorges" This article expresses the author's infinite love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland by describing the characteristics of continuous mountains that block the sky and the sun, the different scenes of water in different seasons, and the majestic, dangerous, quiet and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges. .

"Thanks to Zhongshu" has never been more surprising since the time of Kangle. Expressing the author's unique emotion towards the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, Tao Qingyi enjoys being in this wonderful landscape and expresses his lifelong ambition to live in seclusion in the woods.

"Night Tour of Chengtian Temple": The beautiful scenery is used to set off the joy of admiring the moon, the loneliness of being relegated and the optimism of self-disease. Where is the moonless night, where are there no bamboos and cypresses? But a few idle people are like my two ears.

"Observing the Tide" The tide in Zhejiang is a great sight in the world. This article writes about the scene of the tide in the Qiantang River and the grand occasion of tide watching.

The author uses very concise words to describe the spectacular tide, the moving scenes of naval exercises, the athletes riding the tide and the grand occasion of watching the tide. "Looking at the snow in the pavilion in the middle of the lake." 2. How to review classical Chinese

The first day of the 5-day review plan for classical Chinese: specialize in memorizing and dictating classical Chinese. Classical Chinese requires memorizing and dictating many passages. Taking the H version as an example, there are 19 classical Chinese passages (including "Seven-step Poetry") and "Three Ancient Poems"), there are 32 ancient poems. Students can basically recite them, but it is not so easy to do it without omitting words, adding words, changing words, reversing word order, or making typos. Even more Not to mention the comprehensible memory of some sentences.

Therefore, only by being meticulous and accurate in dictation, word for word, deep understanding, and flexible application can we meet the requirements of the high school entrance examination. Step one: read it out loud.

Reciting is indeed a good way to memorize. In your own little world, you might as well recite ancient texts and poems aloud, and recite each article more than five times in a row. On the one hand, reciting can strengthen your familiarity with the article, and on the other hand, recitation can strengthen your familiarity with the article. On the one hand, as the number of readings increases, the understanding of the content of the article will gradually be deepened, that is, one's own perception and experience of the article, and a deeper understanding of the author's purpose of writing this article. This is what the ancients said: "Read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will appear by itself."

In addition, as the reading progresses, you will understand the meaning of each sentence better. For some students, after reading a sentence of ancient Chinese, the meaning of the sentence will immediately appear in front of their eyes. It is the result of being quite familiar with ancient Chinese. If this step is done well, it will also lay a good foundation for the translation of the following sentences. Step 2: Recite aloud.

Based on the previous reading aloud, you can now completely put aside the book and recite aloud. Recite each article more than five times in a row. You will find that you are a little stiff in the first and second times. By the third or fourth time, you are already quite fluent. By the fifth or sixth time, you have fully mastered the entire text, and there will be no missing words, added words, or word order reversal. At this time, it will be difficult for you to memorize mistakes. . Among these two steps, speaking out is the key, because reading out the sound is a repetition of the person's memory function, which can have the dual effect of memorizing it silently in the mind, and speaking out also allows students to discover and check their own memory at any time. mistake.

Especially for some students whose recitation accuracy is not high, reciting aloud is the best way to solve the problem. The third step: After memorizing the article, ensure the accuracy of the words.

At this time, you can pick up the book again, read line by line, and practice the words that are easy to make mistakes a few times to ensure that you do not change the words or write typos. This step is the finishing work. If If you don't do it well, all your previous efforts will be wasted, so take it seriously. Step 4: Outline the famous aphorisms of each ancient article and poem (such as "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness", etc.), and reveal the key sentences in the theme and center (such as "This is a shabby room, "Only I am virtuous", etc.), sentences describing the landscape environment (such as "green trees and green vines, swaying draperies, scattered and scattered", etc.) and sentences expressing the author's mood (such as "the soul is cold and the bones are cold, the melancholy is deep", etc. ).

Focus on memorizing these sentences and understand their role in the text in order to prepare for comprehension memory. Step 5: Do some comprehension recitation questions, carefully chew on the requirements of the questions, grasp the key words to think about what to answer, and pay attention to the possibility of making some subtle changes when answering the questions.

For example, "The sentence of the reason why Lord Anling rejected the King of Qin's request to relocate" and "The sentence of why Tang Ju rejected the King of Qin's request to relocate" are different, and it is easy for students to confuse them. This question should be answered with the word "reason". The answer should be "I received the land from the previous king and I am willing to keep it forever, but I dare not change it" and "Mr. Anling received the land from the previous king and guarded it. Although I have traveled thousands of miles, I dare not change it. How can I "Five hundred miles straight", other words are not reasons, so they should not be written.

Step 6: Comprehensive recitation of a certain ancient article or poem is relatively simple to understand; but it is much more difficult to search for sentences that meet the requirements of the question in all the articles you have learned. . This can only require students to accumulate more and comprehend more, such as accumulating some sentences describing landscapes, cruelty of war, peace-loving, leisurely and contented mood, natural environment, friendship, etc., classify them, and consciously gradually expand your collection When answering the question, you can think about a few more verses, and then choose the sentence that best meets the requirements of the question to ensure that you are foolproof.

In addition, developing a good habit of accumulating poems is also one of the necessary tasks to form your solid cultural accumulation. At the same time, these poems can also be quoted in writing to add color to the article. Day 2: Mastering the content words of classical Chinese. The content words of classical Chinese have always been the easier part to score in the classical Chinese exam. Some students have mastered most of the content words, but they still lose accuracy. You might as well organize them lesson by lesson. To summarize.

First of all, sort out some special content words: Tongqi characters, typical ancient and modern synonyms, inflections of part of speech and polysemy of one word. This sorting will firstly broaden your thinking and improve your migration ability, and secondly, you will have a solid grasp of it. Deep memory. Secondly, sort out some non-special but important content words: content words that are still vital and still used in modern Chinese and content words in the notes below the book.

The organization of this part is very important, because the mastery of content words is not only necessary for reading classical Chinese in class, but also necessary for reading extracurricular classical Chinese. Only by having a solid grasp of the exact meaning of each content word and understanding It is a word with multiple meanings, so that our sense of literary language will gradually form, so that we can draw inferences when reading extracurricular classical Chinese, and lay a solid foundation for further classical Chinese study in high school in the future. In addition, it is worth mentioning that when sorting out the explanations of content words, you must follow the notes in the textbook and never be ambiguous.

Day Three: Translation of Classical Chinese Sentences The translation of classical Chinese sentences is actually based on the understanding of the entire article, so when I read the article aloud on the first day, I laid a good foundation for sentence translation. the basis of.

At the same time, sentence translation must pay special attention to the understanding of key content words in the sentence, so the content word sorting on the second day lays another foundation for it, so sentence translation becomes much easier.

On the basis of a comprehensive translation of the text, students may wish to focus on sorting out these classical Chinese sentences one lesson at a time: First, sort out the famous aphorisms in the text and the key sentences that reflect the central theme. Secondly, sort out the sentences with sentence structure changes in the text, such as inverted sentences and omitted sentences.

Thirdly, sort out the sentences that contain content words with multiple meanings and inflected parts of speech. Finally, sort out sentences with fixed and common formats in the text.

It is worth mentioning that sentence translation is based on the mastery of classical Chinese content words, including several key content words in the sentence. 3. Summary of the key points of the Chinese classical literature in the first volume of the seventh grade

Outline of the Chinese review for the seventh grade (volume 1) of the People's Education Press 1. Vocabulary accumulation (note the phonetic notation for the added points). The secret of fantasy condenses into a roar, a moment of sobs, a nahan, a dizziness, a cautious harassment. Take a nap, wasteful, mediocre, shaking the sky, splashing on the ground, standing alone, unable to help laughing, fairy dew, jelly, bees circling around the butterfly array, Wolong, lingering, stubborn, cleansing, defilement, curse, gradually taking shape, complex strings, urgent pipes, exquisitely carved, concrete and subtle, smart heart, playing, leisurely, reporting misfortune, feeling relaxed and happy, dangers recurring, persistence, spurring, ravaging, sudden luxury, long death The brewing yellow halo flutters, the algae deposits clear the passing river, the azure blue sings and the mystical bark of the dog, the mind talks about it, Tintin inhabits the vast and dry moorings, the clear and clear dream, the stagnant bones, the verdant peaks, the omen, the hunt in a moment, the silence, the rustling, the disembowelment of the sea. Ye Guzhou is planted high in the sky, the blue tiles are flying, the sky is gloomy, everything is nothing, the branches are haggard, the solemn farewell is rippling, the things are disgusted, the things are frightened, the pride is tortured, the forgiveness is suddenly understood, the hard work is grasped, the buds are pounding, trembling, the tender buds are shaking, the water is sparkling, Ramayana is laughing, petals are bathing and praying. Abandoning the one you love, showing off one's abilities and titles, knights, appalling echoes, misty stars shrouding the stars, Nuwa, clear and vast, hazels playing, moo, gurgling twins, itching, stumbling, stumbling 2. Text comprehension 1. "On the other side of the mountain" is selected from "Yangtze River Literature and Art" , written by Wang Jiaxin, this is a modern poem. The poet uses symbolic techniques to take images from the mountains and the sea.

Use the sea as a metaphor for ideals, mountains as a metaphor for difficulties, and mountain climbing as a metaphor for hard work. Tell people: The journey of life toward your ideal is long, but as long as you persevere and persevere in your struggle, your ideal state will eventually be realized.

2. The author of "One Step, Another Step" is the American writer Morton Hunter. This article describes an "escaping" experience in "my" childhood. The article contains a philosophy: no matter what kind of difficulties and obstacles you face on the road of life, as long as you break down the big difficulties into small difficulties and seriously solve the small difficulties one by one, you will eventually overcome the huge difficulties and win the final victory.

3. "Life Life" is an essay by Hong Kong female writer Xing Linzi (real name Liu Xia). This article elicits the understanding of "desire to live", "vitality" and "life" through three examples, and elicits three thoughts from different aspects: that is, we must be responsible for ourselves, use life well, and let Life is more meaningful; we should let our limited life exert infinite value and make our life more glorious and powerful; we should cherish life, cherish time, make unremitting efforts, fight for life, and live bravely.

4. "Wisteria Waterfall" is selected from "Tie Xiao Ren Yu", which is a prose by the female writer Zong Pu. This article turns the original grief and anxiety into tranquility and joy by stopping to watch a Wisteria tree in full bloom.

Realize that "flowers and people will encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but the long river of life is endless." We should not let yesterday's misfortune crush us. Everyone should be like the flowers of purple wisteria, plunge into the long river of life with full vitality, and sail on the river of shining flowers.

5. "Children's Interests" is selected from the chapter "Remembering Leisure and Interests" in the Qing Dynasty writer Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life". The main theme of this article is the author's childhood "things outside the world". interest". 6. "Ideal" is a modern philosophical poem by the poet Liushahe.

This poem tells people from three aspects: the historical significance of ideals, the significance of personality and the meaning of life: You must have ideals in life. As long as you establish your ideals and work tirelessly for them, you will achieve fruitful gains. . 7. "Street Tree" in "Two Essays" was written by Taiwanese female writer Zhang Xiaofeng.

This article uses the confession of the walking tree to express the dedication of the devotees and praise the lofty spirit of the devotees. The image of the walking tree in the article is the image of the selfless devotee. Another article, "The First Time Is So Good," was written by Taiwanese female writer Zhou Sushan.

The article expresses the author's sentiments: the more firsts there are in life, the more colorful life becomes. Of course, the first time the author talks about is the first time that is beneficial to the body and mind.

8. The author of "Fables of Life" is Zhou Guoping. Among them, "The White Rabbit and the Moon" tells people: Having huge interests will bring about endless risks of gains and losses.

"The Prince in Distress" tells people through the prince's experience that misfortune can make fragile people strong. 9. The author of "My Belief" is the famous Polish scientist Marie Curie (also known as Marie Curie). In this article, the author elaborates on the three qualities that a scientific worker should possess.

First, the purpose of scientific work is to explore the truth, rather than "seeking material interests." Second, scientific work requires freedom, tranquility, and time.

Thirdly, scientific research requires dedication. The spirit of dedication is the core of the whole text.

It is also the foundation of Madame Curie’s ideological quality. 10. The Analects is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It has 20 chapters and is one of the Confucian classics.

Some of the ten words selected in the text talk about learning methods, such as "Learning and practicing it from time to time, it doesn't mean anything", "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous"; Some people talk about learning attitude, such as "When you see a good person, you think about it; when you see a bad person, you have to introspect yourself." "When three people walk together, they must have a teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones." < /p>

There are also those who want to cultivate their moral integrity and be a good person, such as "A scholar cannot be without great perseverance. The responsibilities are heavy and the road is long." "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you."

etc. 11. "Spring" is a lyrical prose about scenery. It was written by Zhu Ziqing, whose courtesy name is Peixian. His representative works include "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" and "Back View".

In "Spring", the author structures the full text according to the ideas of looking forward to spring, painting spring and praising spring. In the spring painting part, five beautiful pictures are painted in sequence, namely spring sketch, spring flower picture, spring breeze picture, spring rain picture and spring greeting picture.

Finally, the metaphor is used to highlight the new, beautiful and powerful characteristics of spring. 12. Lao She, whose original name was Shu Qingchun, also given the courtesy name Sheyu. His representative works include the novel "Camel Xiangzi" and the drama "Teahouse".

The article "Winter in Jinan" begins with a contrasting approach to highlight the characteristics of Jinan's windless, fogless (Xiangqing) and non-poisonous days (Wenqing). Then, from the bright sunshine Jinan's winter is written in three aspects: the mountains under the sky; the mountains covered with thin snow; and the unfrozen water. Expressed admiration for Jinan.

13. "Visiting Friends in the Mountains" is a novel, imaginative, childlike and curious prose, and the article is full of romance. In terms of narrative style, this article is unique and gives people the feeling that it is. 4. What are the types of questions for junior high school classical Chinese reading?

Category 1: Sentence reading (testing reading pauses)

Category 2: Explanation of punctuated words in sentences (mainly testing classical Chinese) Content words: multiple meanings of one word, common meanings in classical Chinese, different meanings in ancient and modern times, and conjugation of parts of speech)

Category 3: Choose one of the following highlighted words that has the same/different meaning and usage (mainly examine function words in classical Chinese) The usage and meaning of , mainly include zhi, er, yi, yu, qi)

Category 4: Translation of classical Chinese sentences (to be faithful, expressive, and elegant, pay attention to additions, deletions, changes, and substitutions) , stay)

Category 5: Examination of the content (theme, purpose of writing) of classical Chinese essays

Category 6: Summary and induction of writing techniques in classical Chinese essays, and examination of their functions

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Category 7: Comparative questions inside and outside class

Category 8: Open-ended questions (such as historical commentary, reality transfer, viewpoint hypothesis)

Above The eight categories are not included in every test paper, but they are mainly the types of test questions. Hope it helps.