Teaching from "Ming Dow" to Tokyo

Liu Yin (1249— 1293) is a native of Rongcheng, Baoding. Father said, good Confucianism, Yuan Shizu served as Wuyi county magistrate in Zhongtong years, and later resigned. At the age of three, Liu can read at a glance. At the age of six, he can write poetry. At the age of seven, he has a lot to do with his father.

After living in Zhengding, Hebei Province, the famous northern Neo-Confucianist briefly worked there as an apprentice for more than ten years. Liu studied hard and made great progress in his studies, which was the best among his roommates. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, the literary world paid attention to the words of "distinguishing between wealth and power" and the Confucian classic of "sitting in a miscellaneous place at Christmas", and "the difference between the north and the south was very small" (Volume 15 of A Brief Introduction to Famous Officials in Yuan Dynasty). In the middle period, under the advocacy of Xu Heng, Dou Mo, Yao Shu and others, Zhu Cheng's theory, which was recognized as "orthodoxy" in the south, was also introduced to the north on a large scale. Liu Yin has doubts about the "exegetical theory" he learned in his early years. At this time, he studied Zhu Cheng's books more attentively, and later became the successor of Neo-Confucianism whose reputation was second only to that of Xu Heng in the north.

Liu Yin took the name of "Ming Dow" as his responsibility in the early days of his fame in the North, which meant "aiming high and going it alone". His family is poor. After his parents and grandfather died, he could not be buried for a long time. Later, with the help of his friends, he began to help. In the poem Gui You (1273), he described his financial situation like this: "Strangely, my family can't bear it. I don't blame the poor and mean to me, but my son enjoys my poverty. " (The Retreat Volume XIII) But he still refused to commit adultery. "Don't make a mistake. Although the family is poor, this is not what it means and it is not taken. " It is all pointed out in the article "After Liu Wenjing's Fu of Crossing the River": "Many officials who have passed Baoding often come to pay their respects because of their fame, but they are too embarrassed to see them" (Volume 33 of Collection of the Whole Museum). The reason why he doesn't want to get involved in politics is probably because, in his view, "Yuan Qi has a large scale" and "insufficient" (Volume 8 of Retreat Collection). In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan relied on Ahema, the minister of Hui nationality who was favored by "financial management" for a long time, and became increasingly alienated from the Confucian officials who "made money and made money" in the DPRK. This should be an important reason for Liu Yin's detached attitude towards life. He criticized the court politics in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty for belittling Confucianism in the Seven Laws of Reading the Records of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty: "I only know how to get there" (Volume XXI of Retreat Collection). What it expresses can only be the feeling of real politics. Liu Yin has also used "No.1" (Boyi and No.4) as the theme of his poems many times, which is nothing more than expressing his willingness to retire when he is out of line and the meaning of "famous books are not my hope". He said "retreat" with Zhuge Liang's famous saying "quiet to cultivate one's morality", and the time was almost the same.

In the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), the Yuan Dynasty sent a letter to attack the Song Dynasty. The army drifted into the river, hand in hand with land and water, and went down the river. In less than two years, Song died. Liu was injured by a traitor in the Song Dynasty, and detained the ambassador of the Yuan Dynasty to choose soldiers to fight, which eventually led to national subjugation. So he wrote Du Jiang Fu to mourn it. He wanted to travel to the south to see the famous Confucian scenic spots in the Southern Song Dynasty, but he couldn't make it. Instead, he went north to Yizhou (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) to teach in He Library and resigned from his post at that time. Liu said that he agreed to teach in Hejia for three years, mainly because there are many books there, and he can have a long-cherished wish of "staying in the library to review". He Wei once took part in the war of cutting down the Song Dynasty, and many books in the collection are Neo-Confucianism books from the old areas of the Southern Song Dynasty, which are hard to find in the north.

In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1282), Ahema, who was once in power, was killed, and the situation of political struggle in Yuan Dynasty changed. Prince Jin, a new political leader who was unanimously supported by Mongolians, Semu people and senior bureaucrats of the Han nationality, participated in various related political activities more actively and directly, which aroused a strong optimism about the "reform and reform" among Han scholars for a time. In the same year, due to the recommendation of Bu Xumu, Zhenjin was ordered by Prince Yanshou Zhongshu to call Liu Yin to Beijing to pay his respects to Dr. Delang and Dr. You Zanshan. At this time, the excessive expectations of the ruling and opposition parties for the real reform of national politics undoubtedly infected Liu Yin. After he was taught, he walked with the messenger. When he became a real Jin Gong, he taught his children to read. After Liu Yin arrived in Beijing, he was appointed to replace his predecessor Wang Xun and teach in the East Palace. A few days later, due to her stepmother's wind disease, she resigned and returned to the province; The next year, his mother died, but Ding You lived at home.

return to one's hometown and seclude

The reform and reform initiated by Zhenguan died halfway because of disagreement with Kublai Khan before Liu could wait for his mother's condolences. This incident gave Liu Yin a deep stimulus and made him give up any hope for the politics of the Yuan Dynasty. On the other hand, he regrets that he should not be hired easily. He thought of the story of Lv Hou serving the Prince (namely Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty) with courtesy and courtesy in the early Han Dynasty, which made Liu Bang think that the Prince was popular, like a swan flying high, and "the feather purlin had gone, and it was out of the world", and he dared not make another story. He deeply felt that he was in danger of being involved in the court struggle, so he sang "Swan Song", which made people feel scared. Six years before he joined the army, Liu Yin wrote an article on "Retreating from lent", in which he tactfully criticized his political persistence. In his view, since Xu Heng took the "right path" as his responsibility and became an official in politics, he should not "avoid it skillfully" because of the difficulty of the road (Volume 18 of Retreat Collection). Compared with the purpose of Liu Yin's "returning to Zhai Ji", it is more obvious that he regrets taking the old road of Xu Heng. There are few historical materials about Liu Yin's seclusion in the ten years after her stepmother's death. He has a word "Tai Chang Yin", saying, "The world of mortals is everywhere, with white clouds and green hills lying high. Taste like Chen Bo, make a mistake, Xie An was in that year. " (The Retreat Collection, Volume 15) What is reflected in it is his mentality during this period. There is no doubt that he still makes a living by writing and teaching. At that time, there was a collection of notes on the four books, which was compiled by others according to Zhu's questions and answers about the four books. Liu thought that the Notes on Four Books were too complicated and had some shortcomings, so he sorted them out and analyzed them and wrote thirty volumes of Notes on Four Books. His health has not been very good. Li Xi visited Liu Yin during his funeral, saying that he was "in poor health, and his hair and beard were all white" (preface to "Retreat Collection"). At this time, he was only 3056 years old. At the age of 42, his son died before him; This is another great blow to his spirit and body.

In the 28th year of Zhiyuan, Liu Yin was 43 years old. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan killed Sanger and "renewed the state affairs once again" ('s Zi Xi Manuscript, Volume 8, Liu Yin's Tomb Table). Yuan Ting accepted Liu Yin as a bachelor of sages. He never wanted to be an official again, but he was determined by his illness.

In the last two or three years of illness, Liu Yin wrote another book, The Theory of Easy Cohesion. He died in April of the thirtieth year of Zhiyuan. During Yuan Renzong's Yanyou period, he gave the bachelor and doctor of Hanlin a good endowment, and made Rongcheng a county magistrate, honoring him as a literary scene. His works have been handed down to this day, including Jing Xiu Ji, Ding Hai Ji, Si Ji Shu Yi Jing Yao, Lu Ji, Qiao An Ci and so on.