1. Mozi
Original text:
Now there is a man who enters a garden and steals his peaches and plums. When everyone hears about it, he rejects it. Those who are in charge of politics get it. Then punish him. Why is this? To benefit others at the expense of others. In the case of seizing someone's dogs, hogs, chickens, and dolphins, the unrighteousness is even greater than entering someone's garden and stealing peaches and plums. Why? The more people you lose, the more you lose. The more people you injure, the more unkind you are and the greater your sin. When it comes to entering people's stables and taking people's horses and oxen, this is even more unkind and righteous than taking people's dogs, hogs, chickens, and dolphins. Why is this so? The more you lose, the more people you lose. The more people you injure, the more unkind you are and the greater your sin. In the case of killing an innocent person, stripping him of his clothing, and taking his sword and sword, the unrighteousness is even worse than entering his stable and taking his horse and oxen. Why is this so? The more you lose, the more people you lose. The more people you injure, the more unkind you are, and the more sin you commit. All gentlemen in the world should know this and not do it, calling it unjust. Nowadays, if you are extremely unjust and attack the country, you will not know what is wrong, so you can praise it and call it righteousness. Is this the difference between righteousness and unrighteousness?
Now there is a man who enters other people's orchards and steals peaches and plums. When everyone hears about it, they condemn him, and when those in power catch him, they punish him. Why? Because he benefits himself at the expense of others. As for stealing someone's chickens, dogs, pigs and piglets, it is even more unjust than entering someone's orchard and stealing peaches and plums. What is the reason for this? Because he hurts people more. If he harms more people, he will be more unkind and the sin will be more serious. As for entering someone's stable and taking away their horses and cows, this is even more unjust than stealing someone's chickens, dogs, pigs and piglets. What is the reason for this? Because he hurts people more. If he harms more people, he will be more unkind and the sin will be more serious. As for killing innocent people, stripping off their clothes, and taking away their weapons and swords, this is even more unjust than entering someone's stable and taking away their horses and cattle. What is the reason for this? Because he hurts others more seriously. The more serious the harm is, the more unkind and the greater the sin. Now all the gentlemen in the world know these things and say they are unjust. The most unjust thing today is to attack other countries and not know how to condemn them. Instead, they praise them and say they are righteous. Can this mean that we know the difference between righteousness and unrighteousness? 2. Mozi
The sentence is as follows: Now there is a man who enters the garden and steals his peaches and plums. If everyone hears about it, he will not do it. Those who are in charge of the government will punish him if they get it. Why is this? To benefit others and to benefit oneself. Also/As for those who seize other people’s dogs, hogs, chickens and dolphins/the unrighteousness is even worse than entering someone’s garden to steal peaches and plums/why/the more they harm others/the more they harm others/the more unkind they are/the greater the sin is.
Vernacular interpretation: Now there is a man who enters other people's orchards and steals peaches and plums. When everyone hears about it, they condemn him, and when those in power catch him, they punish him. Why? Because he benefits himself at the expense of others.
As for stealing someone’s chickens, dogs, pigs and piglets, it is even more unjust than entering someone’s orchard to steal peaches and plums. What is the reason for this? Because he hurts people more.
If he harms more people, he will be more unkind and the sin will be more serious.
Extended information: Mozi advocated "non-attack", the essence of which is "loving and benefiting the people" and taking "promoting great benefits to the world and eliminating harm from the world" as his own responsibility.
Therefore, the speeches and actions of Mohists are based on the interests of the country, the people, and the people. The Zhou Dynasty entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when wars were frequent, the land was barren, the dead were everywhere, and the people were in dire straits. The broad masses of the people were eager to stop fighting and recuperate.
Mozi understood the sentiments of the lower classes, represented the interests of small producers and the general public, and put forward the idea of ??"non-offensive". From this point of view, it is of positive significance. From ancient times to the present, no matter what form of war, the people are the people who suffer the most.
Why "non-attack", what kind of criteria should be established and what kind of countermeasures should be adopted to achieve the goal. Mozi proposed "non-offensive" and opposed war. He even took action and studied defensive tactics. He once competed with Lu Ban in an offensive and defensive battle.
He believed that people do not have the instinct to love each other. In order to encourage people to love each other, Mozi proposed various sanctions. It advocates that there is God above, who rewards those who love both sides and punishes those who do not. Ghosts and gods also reward good and punish evil. People must also seek blessings from themselves and should not lower their hands and pray for the blessings of gods.
Rewards and punishments are all brought upon by individuals and are not destined. Baidu Encyclopedia - Non-attack Baidu Encyclopedia - Stealing Li in hospital.
3. How to write a sentence in a high school Chinese text without attacking?
There was a man who entered a garden and stole peaches and plums. When everyone heard about it, he was not allowed to do it. Those who were in charge of the government punished him if he got it.
What is this? To benefit others at the expense of others. In the case of seizing someone's dogs, hogs, chickens, and dolphins, the unrighteousness is even greater than entering someone's garden and stealing peaches and plums.
Why? The more people you lose, the more you lose. This is extremely unkind, and the crime is aggravating.
As for entering someone's stable and taking someone's horse or oxen, this is even more unkind than taking someone's dog, hog, chicken, or dolphin. Why is this so? The more you lose, the more people you lose.
The more people you injure, the more unkind you are and the greater your sin. In the case of killing an innocent person, dragging his clothes and fur, and taking his sword and sword, the unrighteousness is even worse than entering his stable and taking his horse and oxen.
Why is this so? The more you lose, the more people you lose. The more people you injure, the more unkind you are, and the more sin you commit.
At this point, all gentlemen in the world know this and do not do it, calling it unjust. Nowadays, when it comes to attacking the country, you don't know what is wrong, so you praise it and call it righteousness.
Is this the difference between knowing righteousness and unrighteousness? . 4. Is universal love a famous saying?
Universal love "universal love" can be regarded as an ancient "universal love" thought. It is developed from the concept of "relatives, not only sons but also sons". Confucius added the content of patriarchal hierarchy to "benevolence" in the meaning of "loving others" and transformed it into "benevolence" in the meaning of "loyalty and forgiveness"; Mozi advocated "making the world love each other" and removed the patriarchal hierarchy. Content, because common people can also be promoted to emperor, the boundaries of hierarchy have been broken. Therefore, Mohism's "universal love" is the development of Confucian "benevolence", and it is also a denial of Confucian "benevolence"; in Mozi's view, Confucian "benevolence" that does not have universal love cannot be regarded as "benevolence". "If the world loves each other, it will be ruled; if there is evil, it will lead to chaos" ("Universal Love"), the chaos in the world starts from people not loving each other. The lack of filial piety between ministers and sons, the unkindness between kings and fathers, as well as "the feuding of officials and feudal lords, and the feuding of feudal lords against each other's country," to thieves and thieves, are all the result of mutual lack of love. If people in the world can "love each other universally" and "love others as you love yourself", then the world will be peaceful. Mozi also talked about "compassion" and "filial piety", but he did not regard "filial piety" as the foundation of "universal love", let alone differentiated love. Therefore, his "universal love" has the characteristics of anti-patriarchal hierarchy. , so Mencius said, "Mo's love for everyone means he has no father." Mozi's "universal love" also prohibits "the strong and the weak", "the rich bullying the poor", "arrogance and inferiority", "fraud and stupidity", and opposes the oppression of the lower classes by the nobles and the rich. Moreover, "universal love" and "mutual benefit" are combined. Mozi absorbed and developed the Zisi school's idea of ??"righteousness" and "benefit" as one, and got rid of Confucius' "gentleman is compared to righteousness, and villain is described to benefit." ", it is one-sided to only emphasize "righteousness" and not "profit". "Universal love" is beneficial to oneself, but not "universal love" is harmful to oneself. Mozi closely combined ethics and utilitarianism.
Non-offensive "non-offensive" reflects the Mohist school's desire for peace against launching unjust wars. "Universal love" advocates that people in the world love and benefit each other and should not attack each other, so it must advocate "non-aggression". At that time, the annexation war was fierce. Common people such as farmers, workers, merchants, and scholars, as well as lower-class nobles, all hoped for social stability. The Mohists represented their desire to stop the war. The harm caused by the attack and war was that "in the spring, the people's farming and arborization were wasted, and in the autumn, the people's harvest was wasted", "the people died of hunger, cold, cold and exhaustion, countless people died". Moreover, not only the country being attacked will suffer, but the attacking country will also suffer; due to the annexation war, it will lead to "the destruction of the country and the destruction of the army, and the tyranny of the people." In ancient times, there were more than 10,000 countries, "now because of the annexation of the country, all the countries The rest will be destroyed" ("Failed to Attack"). Mozi advocated that weak and small countries unite to resist mergers by big powers. This theory was the forerunner of the "unification" of the Warring States Period. The rulers are required to "be tolerant to our people and trust our teachers", believing that "then the world will be invincible", which not only develops Confucius' thought of "governing with virtue", but also enlightens Mencius's idea of ??"the king's way". It seems that Mozi was an idealist who hoped to peacefully unify the world. Mozi was "non-offensive", but he was not opposed to defensive warfare. The Mohist defense was famous and was called "Moshou". The following eleven chapters of "Mozi Beichengmen" record their experience in making and using defensive war equipment. They help the attacked country defend itself.
According to the chapter "Gongshu", Gongshu Ban, a famous engineer at that time, built a ladder for the Chu State to attack the city. The Chu State was preparing to use the ladder to attack the Song State. When Mozi heard the news in the state of Lu, he hurriedly traveled for ten days and nights to lobby Gongshu Ban and the king of Chu. He had already sent his disciple Qin Huali and other three hundred people with defensive tools to help the Song Dynasty defend the city. In this way, Mozi used his strength to stop the Chu State from attacking the Song State, and put out an impending war disaster in time. Mozi was "not attacking", but he was not opposed to "revolutionary" wars such as "Tang defeated Jie and King Wu defeated Zhou". He believed that "these are not attacks, but executions." This obviously draws on the thoughts of "Yi Zhuan" and directly inspired Mencius' thought of "killing a husband". Mozi also regarded the poor people who had no food or clothing as "people who indulge in sexual immorality" and advocated the use of military force to prohibit the "violent" behavior of "bandits and thieves". Therefore, the sage serves as the armor, shield and five soldiers” (Part 1 of Jie Yong). On the one hand, this shows that Mozi advocates the use of force to maintain public order; on the other hand, it also shows that Mozi does not stand in the position of the poor people at the lower level. He is just the political representative of the upper class civilians. He wants to safeguard their vested interests and protect private property.
"Universal love" is the main ideological point of view of Mohism. Other ideas such as non-attack, frugal use, frugal burial, and non-pleasure are also derived from this. To love universally, we must not attack, and if we do not attack, we must oppose and fight, that is, "the big will not attack the small, the strong will not bully the weak, the masses will not rob the few, the deceitful will not deceive the stupid, the noble will not be arrogant, the rich will not be arrogant, and the poor will not be arrogant" Also, the strong will not take away the old. Therefore, the common people in the world must not use water, fire, poison, or weapons to harm each other." Of course, non-offensive does not mean non-war, but it means opposing aggressive wars and attaching great importance to self-defense wars. Self-defense is an important component of counter-aggression. Failure to defend yourself means failure to counter-aggression. Universal love means universal love and mutual benefit between countries, as well as universal love and mutual benefit between people. Non-aggression is mainly manifested between countries. Only universal love can achieve non-aggression, and only non-aggression can guarantee universal love.
Whether in ancient times or now, mutual love and mutual benefit between people is the cornerstone of social stability, while mutual resentment and mutual loss between people will trigger conflicts and lead to chaos. Confucians and even Mencius used this to attack the Mohists, saying that the Mohists had no king or father and were no more than beasts. This shows the progress of Mohism and the narrowness of Confucianism.