1. How to attend the open class of classical Chinese translation skills in senior high school 1? Principle: Classical Chinese translation requires accurate expression and must follow the principle of "literal translation first, free translation second". The meaning of words in a sentence cannot be changed at will. Omission should be supplemented, and the translation of special sentences should be adjusted according to the grammatical norms of modern Chinese. Strive for fluency. 2. Standard: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Loyalty: express the original intention accurately, without adding, leaking or distorting. Expression ability: understanding and fluency, no language errors. Elegance: Exquisite wording and vivid writing. 3. Methods: Add, delete, adjust, leave, modify and add. It is necessary to adjust the position of some grammatical elements in the sentence to make it more in line with the grammatical norms of modern Chinese. Leave: For names, places, time nouns and proper nouns, the original words are generally kept. Change: when some content impairs the elegance of the whole sentence, change the conflicting content. [Example] Say the meaning of the following sentence in modern Chinese. Don't be happy with things, don't feel sorry for yourself. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Answer the questions according to the score (if the score is multiple, it is best to mark 1 and 2, and if you are afraid of losing points, you may wish to use n+ 1, except for general questions with word limit); Try to use the original sentence, if you can't use the original sentence, the answer clue must be nearby; Carefully examine the questions, don't misread them, and don't leave them out. (1) Narrative reading 1. Words: When you answer a question, you must find the answer or find the basis for the answer. (1) You can understand the surface meaning, deep meaning and implication of words, and understand the effect of their expression; (2) Be able to determine the content of the text: generally appear on it, and find out whether the original text input by future generations is smooth and reasonable. Second, the article summary: content summary (summarize the story in one sentence): people and things (a, who does what? B how to) topic summary: "What does this article reflect (character, author's feelings, philosophy of life) through someone doing something?" Function of main clause: structure. Clues: (1) key people (2) key things (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) author's mood. Function: Run through the whole text, organically link the characters and events in the text, and make the article clear. V. Narrative sequence and role? (1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): the narrative has a beginning and an end, and the organization is clear, the context is clear and impressive. (2) Flashback: creating suspense of ..., making the story more tortuous and enhancing the readability of the article. (3) Interpolation: Complement and explain … to enrich the characters and make the center more prominent. Make the finishing point on the content. 6. The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are as follows: (The answer must come from both content and structure) 1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts). 2. Content: Open the topic and express it. Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Take care of the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel). 3. Writing: atmosphere rendering, lyricism, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, first promoting and then restraining, lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by supporting things, etc. The symbol of expressing ambition and the role of support: make the expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching. The role of environmental description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, express the characters' personality and promote the development of the plot. When answering, be sure to point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant sentences describing the environment in the text. Taking Kong Yiji as an example, the introduction of the structure and characters of Xianheng Hotel at the beginning belongs to the description of social environment, which reveals the strict social hierarchy at that time and reflects the cold snobbery between people. Pave the way for the protagonist's appearance. The role of environmental description can be judged from the following six situations: whether to contrast the mood of the characters, whether to render the atmosphere, whether to set the background, whether to contrast the characters, whether to deepen the theme and whether to promote the development of the plot. Seven. Evaluation and emotional evaluation: yes, agree or disagree, and good? Comprehension: Put forward the views on the problem by combining the theme and personal life experience. Enlightenment thought comes from the original text; Evaluation shows attitude and reason. Pay special attention to whether all the answers required in the topic are given by examples or combining with reality. The answer to sensory enlightenment: 1. Grasp the center of the paragraph, understand the meaning of the paragraph, and contact the center to answer. 2. Contact yourself or the actual situation of society to arouse feelings. 3. Choose words and make sentences, and pay attention to three beauties: use ancient poems and famous sayings; Appropriate use of rhetorical devices such as contrastive metaphor and parallelism; Use idioms. 4. Stealing the column: reinterpret the author's experience and views in this article in his own words. Word-flavored solution: Word-flavored solution: A. Understand the sexy color of words and try to figure out the joys and sorrows expressed by words. B. Analyze rhetoric, experience the image of words and taste sentences. A. see if the sentence has philosophy: if there is philosophy, you can learn from it. Asking questions can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; Rhetorical questions can strengthen the tone; Exclamation sentences can express strong feelings; The parallelism is profound and magnificent; C. From the rhetorical point of view: metaphor makes the meaning easy to understand and concrete; Exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; Personification can visualize things; Compare it here.

2. How to design the teaching goal of classical Chinese in senior high school is the starting point and destination of teaching, which guides and restricts all kinds of activities of teachers and students in the process of teaching and learning.

Therefore, designing teaching objectives scientifically and reasonably is the first step to improve teaching effectiveness. However, judging from the current teaching situation, there are some shortcomings in the design of classical Chinese teaching objectives in senior high schools.

The author thinks that the design of the teaching goal of classical Chinese should return to the true nature, that is, return to the true nature of classical Chinese teaching. First, the design of classical Chinese teaching objectives must be student-oriented. The standard to measure the teaching effect is students' academic performance, which is embodied in the fact that students never know how to understand, from less knowledge to more knowledge; In terms of ability, I will never attend the meeting, and it is absolutely impossible; Emotionally and through experience.

3. It is not difficult to grasp the key words in the translation of classical Chinese in senior high school. It is not difficult to answer questions according to the writing background with or without comments. Secondly, we should learn to grasp key poems and words, because they express the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is much easier to understand them.

It is strongly recommended that you do the questions first and then look at the answers, compare the differences according to the reference answers, and learn the expression skills of the reference answers, so that you can get high marks in the answers. Always pay attention to the translation of classical Chinese, mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Moreover, the translation of classical Chinese and the understanding of ancient poetry are mainly based on the grasp of key words. I summed it up myself, I hope it will help you, and don't care too much about the version in Chinese review, unless you have to recite ancient poems. You'd better choose your own reference books, others' may not be suitable for you.

4. How to effectively carry out classical Chinese teaching in senior high schools Ancient classical Chinese is an artistic treasure in the cultural history of China and the essence of China culture.

In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the study of ancient poetry. The learning method of ancient poetry has also become the content discussed by many teachers.

In the traditional teaching of classical Chinese, teachers usually use the method of analysis and explanation, word by word and sentence by sentence, which lacks vividness and vividness and is difficult to stimulate students' reading interest and learning initiative. Students only passively accept the knowledge instilled by teachers, and they simply don't know how to use what they have learned to understand and master new knowledge.

Therefore, it is necessary to reform the teaching of classical Chinese in senior high schools. The following are some practices and experiences of the author in teaching. First, contact historical facts to arouse students' thirst for knowledge. Classical Chinese topics selected in Chinese textbooks for senior high schools are mostly pre-Qin prose and hundred schools of thought's essays.

Related to the social politics of this era, although many works are literary, they are basically loyal to historical facts, and the characters and events are interrelated, which leads to ten actions such as "retreating Qin by candlelight" and "Gou Jian destroying Wu", all of which are mixed with many important historical figures and events, forming a close causal relationship. If the teacher only teaches the text in isolation and does not pay attention to the connection with historical events, the result is, first, it is not easy to stimulate. Second, students can't understand the logical connection between historical cognition more thoroughly, which affects the memory effect; Thirdly, students can't deeply understand the vastness of knowledge vilen, so it is extremely difficult to guide and cultivate their thirst for knowledge. Therefore, language teachers should read more history books and be familiar with the history of China.

When teaching students relevant historical knowledge, it is even more vivid, detailed and vivid than the teaching of history teachers. This will play an inestimable role in cultivating students' interest in learning classical Chinese and improving the effect of Chinese classroom teaching.

Second, create a democratic, equal and relaxed teaching environment, so that students "love learning". "Chinese New Curriculum Standard" points out that students are the main body of learning and development.

In the past, teachers always talked about students' listening blindly, which greatly ignored students' subjectivity and made the classroom lose a lot of vitality. How to revitalize our classroom is to change our teaching philosophy, create a democratic, equal and relaxed teaching environment, and let students boldly participate in teaching activities. Therefore, teachers should try various teaching forms to make students really want to learn classical Chinese. We divide the whole class into 5-6 students in each group. In the process of learning classical Chinese, we usually use group autonomous learning and cooperative learning to teach.

For example, studying Qin's articles, there are nine groups in our class. Then, according to the number of assigned contents, the time for students' autonomous learning and cooperative learning is determined, which is generally 10- 15 minutes. The students in each group get together to study the content of this group. Because it is necessary to evaluate which group does better, the students in each group will actively participate in the study. This can not only prevent students from dozing off because of learning classical Chinese, but also stimulate students' competitiveness, so as to study actively and seriously. The whole classroom is democratic and relaxed, students' interest in learning is high, and the teaching efficiency is obviously improved. Thirdly, combined with language appreciation, we can read some distinctive language rules of classical Chinese in senior high schools, such as sonorous phonology, intonation, implicit language and scattered sentence patterns, which are mostly suitable for "understanding" rather than "speaking".

But tacit understanding is not only visible to the eyes, nor can we get much understanding from the teacher's careful analysis. Finally, it is repetition, pondering, perception, observation and belief. After students have an overall understanding of classical Chinese, teachers can guide students to analyze the text in order to achieve the goal of mastery.

First of all, we should analyze the meaning of words and sentences; Secondly, we should understand the meaning of the text, combine the content of the text and distinguish the levels; Finally, we should summarize the writing characteristics. In the process of analysis, teachers should not do everything.

Teachers don't talk about what students can find in after-class notes or pre-class tips; Teachers should inspire and guide students in time, and they can get information through teaching. After the analysis, students not only consolidated the old knowledge, but also learned new knowledge, strengthened the connection between the old and new knowledge of classical Chinese, and paid attention to the cultivation of students' self-learning ability.

Fourth, reading a book a hundred times is self-evident. If you want to read classical Chinese thoroughly, it is not enough to read it only two or three times in class. You also need to spend more time reciting by synchronous or asynchronous dictation after class to help you write, promote reading by writing, and establish a learning process of reading and writing. After the study of Afang Palace Fu came to an end, I got in touch with the head teacher, and several classes jointly held a poetry reading contest and a calligraphy contest, which played a certain role in encouraging students to read. I checked the knowledge points of this lesson and found that the students remembered it very well and rarely lost points.

With the gradual deepening of the new Chinese curriculum reform in senior high schools, teachers have made many new attempts in the field of classical Chinese teaching and achieved certain results. However, compared with modern Chinese, the pace of classical Chinese is still relatively slow, and the achievements and efforts are still disproportionate. Therefore, we should continue to develop more effective teaching methods of classical Chinese, and build an efficient classroom based on the principle of improving teaching quality.

5. Translation of Classical Chinese 14 years old (from the Eastern Han Dynasty), studying under a regular teacher (regular teacher), not far from obstacles (not afraid of long roads, difficult roads). If you talk to others (often) and if you don't study, how can you succeed? Or (sometimes) according to the forest, weaving wool for temples (ān, small huts), cutting thorns (spiny plants) for pens, and carving tree juice for ink; At night, the stars are reflected, the bright moon is visible (reading in the moonlight), and in the dark, Artemisia ordosica (the names of two plants, which can shine when lit). Those who are willing to read should write down their clothes to remember their things. Disciples like him to study hard, and what's more, he can change clothes with clean clothes. Ignore the words of non-saints. The last commandment said: "Husband (the first sentence is meaningless) is eager to learn, although he dies; If you don't learn, although you exist, it is called a walking corpse (life and death). "

Ren Mo of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a very learned man. When he 14 years old, he visited many teachers. As long as he hears that a famous teacher is following him, he is not afraid of the long journey and always comes to the door with a book box on his back for advice. He often said, if people don't study hard, why can they achieve something in the future? He is poor and homeless, and sometimes he has no place to live. He just built a straw shed under the tree, cut the thorns into pens, and used tree juice as ink. Read in the moonlight at night, and order hay and miscellaneous wood when there is no moon. On weekdays, as long as I have experience in reading, I write my experience on my clothes. People who study with him admire his efforts. In order to study his writing, they often exchange clean clothes with him in turn. He does not read the works of ancient sages. When he died, he warned his descendants: "If a person studies hard all his life, he will still be alive even if he dies;" If you don't study hard, you will die even if you live. "