Erki’s early realistic works were mostly based on his experiences and feelings about the lower-class life. The most representative one is the tramp-themed novel "Cherkash", which describes the old tramp. Han Cherkash's noble qualities of being brave, independent and unruly, not succumbing to money and maintaining human dignity show that although these people's spiritual baggage is still heavy, they are much nobler than selfish and vulgar small private owners.

In terms of art, "Cherkash" fully demonstrates Gorky's excellent skills in depicting complex characters in his early realist works. In addition to strongly indicting the evils of capitalist society, these works also strive to reveal the inner pain of homeless people and the struggle between old and new consciousness, and capture the characteristics of the times in the lives of working people. Their purpose is still to arouse people's positive attitude towards life. .

Gorky's literary creation started from Romanticism. Gorky spent his whole life exploring the relationship between the individual and history, looking for a reasonable social life. The protagonists in his works are often full of intense inner conflicts, and actively participate in revolutionary activities to explore ways to transform reality.

Gorky was arrested, supervised and exiled by the tsarist government more than once, but he still consistently carried out his revolutionary and literary activities.

In 1906, Gorky was entrusted by Lenin to go from Finland to the United States to carry out revolutionary activities, and published his novel "Mother" in the United States. Later settled in Capri, Italy.

In 1913, Gorky returned from Italy and engaged in proletarian cultural organization work, presiding over the literary column of "Pravda". After the October Revolution in 1917, along with the chaos, destruction, anarchist trends and various violent incidents that emerged in the revolution, conflicts arose between Gorky, Lenin and the new regime.

In October 1921, due to illness and differences with the Bolshevik regime, Gorky went abroad to recuperate. In 1928, Gorky returned to the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's arrangement, he made two long-distance sightseeing trips in Russia and decided to return to his country to settle down.

In 1934, he was elected chairman of the Writers Association.

Extended information:

Gorky's autobiographical trilogy, as well as the autobiographical works he later published. Without exception, they all describe themselves as working people from a lower class background, but many scholars are skeptical about this. For example, Ivan Bunin said "a myth about him. Why do the publishing houses that declare him the greatest genius and publish millions of copies of his works not provide his biography?"

Gorky is the founder of socialist realist literature, the greatest representative of proletarian art, a mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature, one of the founders of Soviet literature, a political activist, and a poet. (Lenin's Comments)?

There is no art in Gorky's works. What is there is something that is no less valuable than the most noble art: life. There is its own inadvertent beauty, shapeless, chaotic but strong beauty, its own aesthetics, rigid, changeable, unacceptable to the admirers of pure art, but full of power for those who love life. ". (Comments by Russian writer and critic Merezhkovsky)?

When you read Gorky's novels, you will feel that he is breathing with nature with his whole life. He loves nature and is familiar with nature. , so he described it incomparably with the help of his own art and sincerity. Gorky's brushwork is vivid and the color of the text is fresh.

Every stroke he writes is not redundant. Without any rhetoric, he can convey a complete and completely realistic picture with just two or three strokes (commented by Soviet literary historian F. Botsyanovsky)

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Golgi