1. Zhang Qian’s deeds in classical Chinese

Zhang Qian was a native of Hanzhong and was a doctor in Jianyuan. At that time, the Xiongnu surrendered and said that the Xiongnu defeated the Yuezhi King and used his head as a drinking vessel. The Yuezhi escaped and blamed the Xiongnu, but there was no way to attack him. The Han Dynasty wanted to destroy the Hu, and after hearing this, they wanted to communicate with the Huns, and they must recruit capable envoys among the Xiongnu. Qian Yilang enlisted and sent Yuezhi and Nuganfu, the Tangyi family, out of Longxi. Passing by the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu obtained it and passed it on to Chanyu. Shanyu said: "The Yuezhi is in the north of me, how can the Han be able to send envoys? I want to send troops to Vietnam, will the Han be willing to listen to me?" Liu Qian was more than ten years old, and he had a wife and a son. However, Qian still maintained Han integrity.

Qian lived in the west of the Xiongnu. Because he belonged to the Yuezhi family in his lost hometown, Qian walked west for dozens of days to Dayuan. Dayuan heard about the wealth of the Han Dynasty and wanted to get through it. When he saw Qian, he was delighted and asked what he wanted. Qian said: "I served the Yuezhi as an envoy to the Han, but was blocked by the Xiongnu. Now that I am dead, the king has sent me a human envoy. Sincerely, I have come and rebelled against the Han. The bribes and property left by the king to the king are unspeakable." Dayuan thought so and sent him to the Han Dynasty. Qian, for the translation of Fa Dao, arrived in Kangju. Kangju passed on to Dayue clan. King Dayuezhi had been killed by Hu, and his wife was made king. Since I was a minister of Daxia and ruled over it, the land was fertile and there were few bandits, and I wanted peace and happiness. He also thought that he was far away from the Han Dynasty and had no intention of repaying him. Qian went from Yuezhi to Daxia, but he was unable to obtain the essentials of Yuezhi.

After remaining for more than a year, he returned and merged with Nanshan, hoping to return from the Qiang and return to the Xiongnu. After remaining for more than a year, Shanyu died and the country was in chaos. Qian, Hu's wife and Tangyi father all died and returned to the Han Dynasty. I paid homage to Dr. Qian Taizhong, and my father in Tangyi became the envoy.

Qian is strong, tolerant and trusting, and is loved by barbarians. Tang Yi's father was a Hu man, good at shooting, and he was eager to shoot animals for food. At the beginning, there were more than a hundred people in Qian's journey. When he was thirteen years old, only two of them were able to return.

The places where Qian went were Dayuan, Dayuezhi, Daxia, and Kangju. There were also rumors that there were five or six big countries nearby, and the emperor said all about their terrain, all of which are in the "Biography of the Western Regions".

Qian said: "When I was in Daxia, I saw Qiong bamboo sticks and Shu cloth, and asked: 'Where can I find this?' The people of Daxia said: 'My people from Jia are going there. The country of Shendu is thousands of miles southeast of Daxia. Its customs are the same as those of Daxia, and its people ride on elephants to fight. Therefore, Daxia traveled thousands of miles to the southwest of Han Dynasty and lived thousands of miles southeast of Daxia. There were Shu things there, so it was not far away from Shu. Today, Daxia traveled from the Qiang to the dangerous Qiang. The people hate it; Shaobei will be captured by the Xiongnu; it is easy to travel from Shu, and there will be no invaders. "The emperor heard that Dawan, Daxia, and Anxi were all large countries with many strange things and native people who were similar to China. However, if the army is weak, the property of the Han Dynasty will be valued. To the north are the Yuezhi and Kangju vassals. If the army is strong, they can bribe the legacy and establish a favor for the dynasty. If you obtain it sincerely and follow it with righteousness, it will spread over thousands of miles, repeat nine translations, lead to special customs, and its might and virtue will spread all over the world. The emperor Xinxin took Qian's words seriously. Nai ordered Shu Jian to be the envoy of Fajian, and go out in four directions: out of Qiang, out of Chu, out of Yi, Qiong, and out of Bo, each traveling one or two thousand miles. Its north is closed to Di and Chu, and its south is closed to Xun and Kunming. The people in Kunming have no ruler, they are good at bandits and robbers, and they often kill envoys trying to conquer the Han Dynasty, but they never get through. However, I heard that more than a thousand miles to the west, there was the Chengxiang Kingdom, named Dian Yue, and that something could be found among the Shu officials. So the Han Dynasty sought a great restoration road and began to connect to the Dian Kingdom. At the beginning, the Han Dynasty wanted to connect with the southwestern barbarians, but Fei Duo gave up. Ji Qian said that he could pass through Daxia and restore the southwestern barbarians.

Qian used his position as a lieutenant to attack the Xiongnu from the general. He knew where the water and grass were and there was no shortage of troops, so he made Qian the Marquis of Bowang. This is the sixth year of Yuanshuo. In the next two years, Qian was appointed as a guard, and he and Li Guang went out to Youbeiping to attack the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu besieged General Li, and many of his troops suffered heavy casualties. However, in the later period, Qian was beheaded and redeemed as a commoner. That year, the Hussar general broke through the Xiongnu to the west, killed tens of thousands of people, and reached the Qilian Mountains. In the autumn, King Hunxie led his troops to surrender to the Han Dynasty, but there were no Xiongnu in Jincheng, Hexi, Nanshan and Yanze. The Xiongnu will arrive from time to time, and I hope so. In the next two years, the Han defeated Shan Yu in Mubei.

The emperor asked Qian several times about Daxia’s ancestry. Since Qian lost his title, he said: "I lived among the Xiongnu and heard that King Wusun was called Kunmo. Kunmo's father, Nan Toumi, and the Dayue clan were both in Qilian and Dunhuang, and they were small countries. It was difficult to attack and kill the Dayue clan. When the Xiongnu people fled, their son Kunmo was born again. Fu Fubu took the dead man to the grass in order to ask for food. When he returned, he saw a wolf's breast, and the crow held the meat and flew beside it, thinking that he was a god. Then he returned to the Xiongnu, Shan Yu loved to raise him, and Zhuang, with his father's people and Kunmo, sent the generals to make achievements. At that time, the Yueshi had been defeated by the Xiongnu, and the king of Sai moved far south. , the Yueshi lived there. Since Kunmo was strong, he asked Shanyu to avenge his father's grievances, so he attacked the Dayueshi in the west. The Dayeshi returned to the west and left Daxia. If it is a little stronger, the Shanyu will die and refuse to return to the court to attack the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu will not be victorious. Now Shanyu is trapped in the Han Dynasty, and Kunmo is empty.

The barbarians were in love with their hometown and were greedy for Han things. They sincerely used this time to bribe Wusun generously and recruit Edong to live in their hometown. The Han Dynasty sent the princess as his wife and married Kun's younger brother. The situation was favorable, and it would cut off the right arm of the Xiongnu. Even Wusun and other subordinates from Western Daxia can be recruited as foreign ministers. "The emperor thought so and worshiped Qian as the Zhonglang General. He sent three hundred men, two horses each, and tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, with thousands of gold coins and silk, and many deputy envoys, who could be dispatched to other countries. When Qian arrived at Wusun, he sent an edict, but failed to obtain the instructions in the "Biography of the Western Regions". Qian then sent deputy envoys to Dayuan, Kangju, Yuezhi and Daxia to send Qian a message. Wusun sent dozens of people and dozens of horses to thank him, because he had a glimpse of the Han Dynasty and learned about its vastness. 2. Introduction to the article "Zhang Qian"

Zhang Qian, (about 164 BC to 114 BC). , Han nationality, named Ziwen, was born in Chenggu, Hanzhong County (now Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province). He was an outstanding explorer, traveler and diplomat in the Han Dynasty of China. He made a significant contribution to the development of the Silk Road and opened up the path to the Han Dynasty. The north-south road of the Western Regions, and introduced sweat horses, grapes, alfalfa, pomegranates, walnuts, flax, etc. from the countries of the Western Regions.

In the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 BC), Emperor Wu became Lang. United with the Dayue clan to attack the Xiongnu, Zhang Qian was recruited as an envoy. In the third year of Jianyuan - 138 BC, he went out of Longxi and passed through the Xiongnu. He was captured by the Xiongnu for more than 10 years. He married a wife and had children, but he always adhered to the Han Dynasty and escaped. , traveled west to Dayuan, passed through Kangju, arrived at Dayuezhi, and then went to Daxia, where he stayed for more than a year before returning. On his way back, Zhang Qian changed his route to the south and stayed close to Nanshan in an attempt to avoid being discovered by the Huns, but he still remained a traitor to the Huns. As a result, he was detained for more than a year. In the third year of Yuanshuo (126 BC), the Huns were in civil strife. Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape back to the Han Dynasty and reported the situation in the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu granted Zhang Qian the title of Taizhong Dafu. Knowing that Daxia could be reached by taking the road from the southwest of Shu (now Sichuan Basin) to Shendu (now India), he persuaded Emperor Wu to open the southwest barbarian road, but was blocked by the Kunming barbarians and could not pass. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Zhang Qian followed Wei Qing to conquer the Xiongnu. , for meritorious service, he was granted the title of Marquis of Bowang. In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), he and Li Guang went out to Youbeiping (today's northeastern Hebei Province) to attack the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian had to be executed because of his delay in the army. Later, Zhang Qian persuaded Emperor Wu to unite with Wusun (in today's Ili River Basin), and Emperor Wu appointed Qian as Zhonglang General. In 119 BC, he led 300 people and tens of thousands of cattle, sheep, gold and silk to send Zhang Qian to Wusun. , sent deputy envoys to Dayuan, Kangju, Yuezhi, Daxia and other neighboring countries. This trip also achieved great results. Countries in the Western Regions also sent envoys to return to Chang'an. Wusun sent envoys to send Zhang Qian back to the Han Dynasty and presented horses. In the second year of Yuanding (115 BC), Zhang Qian returned. The deputy envoys he sent successively brought envoys from the Western Regions to the Han Dynasty. Wusun finally intermarried with the Han Dynasty and defeated the Xiongnu. , was founded by Zhang Qian. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty were often called Bowang Hou to win the trust of other countries. Zhang Qian made outstanding contributions to the opening of the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions, and is still praised throughout the world. There were no historical records of the countries in the Western Regions at that time. Zhang Qian's reports were recorded in "Historical Records" and "Hanshu". They are the original data for studying the history of Central Asia and are of great value.

Zhang Qian's mission was very important. Western Regions Murals Zhang Qian had completed his epic mission of exploring Central Asia. He set out for the remote Western Regions twice, first in 138 BC and second in 119 BC. ① During the period of these adventures, he spent several years as a prisoner among the Huns; he observed the living conditions in northern India; he noticed the presence of Chinese goods in Bactria; he sent representatives as far away as Sogdia and even Parthia. Due to a historical accident, Zhang Qian visited those areas after Bactria eliminated the main Greek influence; we can fully speculate that if he had been there decades earlier and witnessed the living civilization of the Greek world, the culture of China What kind of impact will it have. These are not speculations: Zhang Qian promptly reported on the possibility of dealings with the northwest states; he hinted at the potential value of trade with those regions. He also pointed out the benefits of forming alliances with other peoples who were anti-Hongnu like the Chinese. 3. (1) Classical Chinese reading (19 points) Read the following classical Chinese text and complete questions 10~13

10.B (Leave more than one year old, Shan Yu died, domestic chaos, Qian and Hu's wife and Tangyi Both his fathers died and returned to the Han Dynasty.

He paid homage to Qian Taizhong, and his father served as envoy in Tangyi. At the beginning, when Qian was traveling, only two of them were able to return.

)

11.C ("Pardon Feng Tang's crime" is wrong, pardon "Wei Shang") 12.B ("It's just that the Yuezhi King believed that he was far away from the Han Dynasty, so he was no longer prepared to attack the Xiongnu "Revenge", the reason is wrong) 13. (1) We sent the Yuezhi as envoys to the Han Dynasty, but the road was blocked by the Xiongnu. Now we are fleeing. We only hope that the king will send someone to guide us. (1 point each for "envoy", "for..." and "envoy", 2 points for sentence meaning) (2) Another year passed, and the deputy envoys he (Zhang Qian) sent to Daxia and other countries were all with the countries concerned. The envoys (from those countries) came back together, and (from then on) the countries in the northwest of the Han Dynasty began to communicate with the Han Dynasty (exchange envoys).

(Note: Po, not translated separately, is the same as "Ji". "Qi", "Deputy envoy Tong Daxia's subordinate" and "Yu Han" each have 1 point, and the meaning of the sentence 2 points) Reference Translation: Zhang Qian, a native of Hanzhong, became a Langguan in the middle of the first year of his reign.

The Huns who surrendered to the Han Dynasty said that the Huns defeated the Yuezhi King, and the Yuezhi King fled and resented the Huns, but no one could help him attack the Huns. The Han Dynasty was preparing to destroy the Xiongnu. After hearing about this, it wanted to send an envoy to the Yueshi. The journey must pass through the Xiongnu territory, so it recruited people who could send envoys to the Yueshi.

Zhang Qian, as a Langguan, was sent as an envoy to Yuezhi, and came out of Longxi together with Tangyi Ganfu. When passing by the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu captured them and escorted them to the Shan Yu.

Shanyu said: "The Yuezhi Kingdom is in the north of us. Why does the Han Dynasty want to send envoys to the Yuezhi? I want to send someone as an envoy to South Vietnam. Will the Han Dynasty let my people go?" They detained Zhang Qian for more than ten years, gave him a wife and a son. However, Zhang Qian still retained the Han Dynasty's charms and refused to surrender. Zhang Qian lived in the west of the Xiongnu. He took the opportunity and fled to the Yuezhi Kingdom with his subordinates. They walked westward for dozens of days and arrived in Dawan.

The Kingdom of Dayuan heard that the Han Dynasty was rich in wealth and wanted to communicate with Zhang Qian but could not. When he saw Zhang Qian, he was very surprised and asked him where he wanted to go. Zhang Qian said: "We sent an envoy to the Yuezhi for the Han Dynasty, but the road was blocked by the Xiongnu. Now we have escaped. I just hope that the king will send someone to guide us.

If we can really reach the Yuezhi, after returning to the Han Dynasty, The wealth that the Han Dynasty gave to the king is indescribable." Dawan thought it was reasonable, so he escorted Zhang Qian to Kangju.

Kang Ju then transferred them to Da Yueshi. King Dayuezhi had been killed by the Huns, and the Huns made his wife the king.

Having made Daxia a vassal and its monarch, the land is fertile and fertile, and there are few bandits in the territory. He feels contented and happy, but he also thinks that he is far away from the Han Dynasty and does not want to get close to the Han Dynasty. There is no thought of revenge against the Huns. Zhang Qian arrived in Daxia from Yuezhi, but in the end he could not figure out Yuezhi's true intentions.

After staying for more than a year, he wanted to return to the place where the Qiang people lived, but he was captured by the Huns again. After staying for more than a year, Shanyu died and the country was in turmoil.

Zhang Qian fled back to the Han Dynasty with his Xiongnu wife and Tangyi Ganfu. The imperial court granted Zhang Qian the title of Taizhong Dafu, and granted Ganfu the title of Envoy Lord.

When Zhang Qian traveled with him, there were more than a hundred people there. Thirteen years after they went together, only two of them were able to return. The emperor of the Han Dynasty heard that countries such as Dawan, Daxia, and Parthia were large countries with many unique items. They did not migrate from generation to generation. They had the same customs as the Central Plains countries to a large extent, but their armies were weak. It seems that The property of the Central Han Dynasty; to the north are the countries of Dayuezhi and Kangju, which have strong armies. You can make them pay homage to the Han Dynasty by giving away property and benefits.

If we can really use kindness to make them submit, then we can expand the land thousands of miles wide, and countries with different languages ????and different customs will come to submit. In this way, the prestige and kindness of the Han Dynasty will be It will spread all over the world. The emperor of the Han Dynasty then ordered envoys with the mission of acting according to the situation to be sent through Shu County and Jianwei County. The envoys were sent together on the four roads, each traveling one or two thousand miles.

As a captain, Zhang Qian followed the general Wei Qing to attack the Xiongnu. He knew where there were water and grass, and the army could get supplies in time without any shortage of materials, so he was named Bowanghou. This year is the sixth year of Yuanshuo.

Two years later, Zhang Qian became a guard and followed General Li Guang from Youbeiping to attack the Huns. The Xiongnu surrounded General Li, and many of his troops died and fled. However, Zhang Qian should be beheaded for failing to rescue him on time, and he should be demoted to a civilian with money to atone for his sins.

The emperor asked Zhang Qian many times about the situation in the Kingdom of Great Xia.

Zhang Qian had already lost his title, so he said: "After uniting Wusun, Daxia and other countries to the west can be recruited to become the foreign ministers of the Han Dynasty."

The emperor thought it was reasonable, so he granted the title of Zhang Baiqian was the Zhonglang General, leading 300 people, each with two horses, driving tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, carrying gold and silk worth tens of millions, and assigned a number of deputy envoys who were loyal to the road. If there is easy access, send people to the neighboring country. After Zhang Qian came back, he was given the title of Grand Order in charge of receiving guests.

More than a year later, Zhang Qian passed away. Another year later, the deputy envoys he sent to Daxia and other countries all returned together with the envoys from the relevant countries, so (from then on) the countries in the northwest of the Han Dynasty began to communicate with the Han Dynasty (exchange of envoys). 4. Translation of Zhang Qian’s deeds in classical Chinese ~ Urgent ~

Translation of "The Biography of Zhang Qian" Author: Ban Gu The original text is Zhang Qian, a native of Hanzhong.

Jianyuanzhong was a man. At that time, the Huns surrendered and said that the Huns defeated the Yuezhi king and used his head as a drinking vessel. The Yuezhi escaped and blamed the Huns, but there was no way to attack him.

The Han Dynasty wanted to destroy the Hu. After hearing this, they wanted to communicate with the Huns and recruit envoys among the Xiongnu. Qian Yilang was recruited and made Yuezhi.

He left Longxi together with Nuganfu of Tangyi clan. Passing by the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu obtained it and passed it on to Chanyu.

Shanyu said: "The Yuezhi is in the north of me, how can the Han be able to send envoys there? I want to send troops to Vietnam, will the Han listen to me?" Liu Qian was more than ten years old, and he had a wife and a son. Han Festival is not lost. The translator Zhang Qian is from Hanzhong.

During the Jianyuan period, he was appointed Lang Guan. People who surrendered to the Xiongnu at that time said that the Xiongnu defeated the Yuezhi King and used the Yuezhi King's head as a drinking vessel.

The Yuezhi fled and resented the Huns because they had no one to fight with them. The Han Dynasty was planning to engage in a war to eliminate the Xiongnu. When they heard this, they wanted to send people as envoys to the Yuezhi, but the Xiongnu country was the only way to go, so they recruited people who could go as envoys.

Zhang Sai was recruited as an envoy to Yuezhi as a Langguan. He left Longxi with Gan Fu, Tangyi's servant.

Passing by the Huns, he was intercepted by the Huns and sent to the Shanyu in a conveyor. Shanyu said: "The Yuezhi is to the north of me. How can the Han Dynasty send envoys there? If I want to send someone as an envoy to South Vietnam, will the Han Dynasty let our people pass by?" He detained Zhang Qian for more than ten years.

He married him and gave birth to a son. However, Zhang Qian still adhered to the Han Festival and did not lose his status as an envoy. The original text lived in the west of the Xiongnu. Because Qian and his subordinates died, they went to the Yuezhi and walked west for dozens of days to Dayuan.

When Dawan heard about the wealth of the Han Dynasty, they wanted to get it but could not get it. When they saw Qian, they were delighted and asked what they wanted. Qian said: "I served the Han as an envoy to the Yuezhi, but was blocked by the Xiongnu. Now I am dead. Only the king envoys sent me a favor."

I have sincerely obtained it and rebelled against the Han. The Han bribed and left the king's property, which is invincible. Dawan thought so and sent Qian to translate Taoism to Kangju.

Kangju was passed down to Dayue clan. King Dayuezhi had been killed by Hu, and his wife was made king.

Since I was a minister of Daxia and ruled it, the land was fertile and the few bandits were young, and I wanted peace and happiness, but I thought I was far away from the Han Dynasty, and I had no intention of repaying Hu. Qian went from Yuezhi to Daxia, but he was unable to obtain the essentials of Yuezhi.

Leave more than one year old and pay it back. And Nanshan, hoping to return from the Qiang and return to the Xiongnu.

Shanyu died after he was more than a year old, and the country was in chaos. Qian, his wife Hu and his father in Tangyi all died and returned to the Han Dynasty. I paid homage to Dr. Qian Taizhong, and my father in Tangyi became the envoy.

Because he lived in the west of the Xiongnu, Zhang Qian took the opportunity to lead his subordinates to flee to the Yueshi. After running west for dozens of days, we arrived in Dawan.

Dawan heard that the Han Dynasty was rich in wealth and wanted to have contacts with the Han Dynasty but could not find any opportunities. He was very happy to see Zhang Qian and asked him where he was going.

Zhang Qian said: "We sent an envoy to the Yuezhi on behalf of the Han Dynasty, but the Huns blocked the road and refused to allow passage. Now we are fleeing to your country. I hope that the king can send someone to lead the way and send us there. If we can reach the Yuezhi, "Shi, after we return to the Han Dynasty, the property that the Han Dynasty will give to the king will be indescribable." Dawan thought it was okay, so he sent them there and sent an interpreter and guide for them.

Sent to Kangju, who took them to Dayuezhi in a conveyor. At this time, the original King Dayuezhi had been killed by the Xiongnu, and his wife was made king.

The Dayue clan had made Daxia surrender and ruled over it. The land there is fertile, the produce is abundant, there is no intrusion, and the mood is leisurely and peaceful. They think they are far away from the Han Dynasty and do not want to get close to the Han Dynasty. They have no intention of revenge against the Huns.

From Yuezhi to Daxia, Zhang Qian never got a clear statement from the Yuezhi King. After staying for more than a year, I had to return.

Along the Nanshan Mountains, I wanted to return to the Han Dynasty from the place where the Qiang people lived, but I was intercepted by the Xiongnu again. After being detained for more than a year, it happened that the Chanyu died and the Xiongnu country was in chaos. Zhang Qian fled back to the Han Dynasty with his Hun wife and Tangyi Ganfu.

The imperial court granted him the official position of Taizhong Taifu, and Tangyi Ganfu also became the envoy. The original text states that Qian is a strong man, tolerant and trusting, and is loved by barbarians.

Tang Yifu, a barbarian, was good at shooting, but poor and anxious, he shot animals for food. At the beginning, there were more than a hundred people in Qian's journey. When he was thirteen years old, only two of them were able to return.

Translation: Zhang Sai has a strong and persevering character, is tolerant and trustworthy to others. The barbarians love him very much. Ganfu in Tangyi was a Huns who was good at archery. When he was in dire straits, he would shoot and capture animals for food.

At the beginning, there were more than a hundred people when Zhang Qian set out. Thirteen years after leaving the Han Dynasty, only two of them were able to return. The original text states that the places where the enemy came were Dawan, Dayuezhi, Daxia, and Kangju, and it was rumored that there were five or six big countries nearby, and the emperor said that their terrain was owned by them.

The words are all in "Biography of the Western Regions". Translation Zhang Qian personally visited places such as Dayuan, Dayuezhi, Daxia, Kangju and other countries, and heard about the conditions of five or six big countries adjacent to these countries.

He reported the terrain and products of these places to the emperor one by one. What Zhang Qian said is recorded in "Biography of the Western Regions".

The original text of Qian said: "When I was in Daxia, I saw Qiong bamboo sticks and Shu cloth. I asked how I got this. The people of Daxia said: 'My people in the market are poisoning the country. The country is poisoning. The southeast of Daxia is thousands of miles away.

Its customs are the same as those of Daxia, but its people are humid and hot, and their country is close to floods.

'With Qian, Daxia went to the Han Dynasty for twelve thousand miles and lived in the southwest. Now Shendu lives thousands of miles to the southeast of Daxia. There are things in Shu, so it is not far from Shu.

Now. It is dangerous to send Daxia from the Qiang, and the Qiang people will hate them; the Shaobei will be captured by the Xiongnu; it is easy to go from Shu, and there will be no invaders. "The emperor heard that Dawan, Daxia, and Anxi are all big countries, and there are many. The strange objects are indigenous and have the same customs as China, but the soldiers are weak, so they value the property of the Han Dynasty; in the north are the Da Yuezhi and Kangju, the soldiers are strong, and they can bribe the legacy to benefit the dynasty.

If you obtain it sincerely and belong to it with righteousness, it will spread over thousands of miles, repeat nine translations, lead to special customs, and its might and virtue will spread all over the world. The emperor Xinxin took Qian's words seriously.

Nai ordered Yinshu and Qian to be sent out in four directions: out of Zhe, out of Chu, out of Yi, Qiong, and out of Bo, each traveling one or two thousand miles. It is closed to Di and Chu in the north, and to Xi and Kunming in the south.

Kunming has no ruler, is good at bandits and robbers, and often kills Han envoys, but in the end he can't get through. However, I heard that more than a thousand miles to the west, there was the Chengxiang Kingdom, named Dianyue, and that someone from the Shu Kingdom might have arrived, so the Han Dynasty sought a road to Daxia and started to connect to the Dian Kingdom.

In the early days, the Han Dynasty wanted to connect with the southwestern barbarians, but Fei Duo gave up. When Qian said that he could reach Daxia, he resumed the affairs of the southwestern barbarians.

Translation Zhang Qian said: "When I was in Daxia, I saw bamboo sticks produced in Qionglai Mountain and cloth produced in Shu. I asked them where they got these things, and the Daxia people said: ' Our merchants went to Shendu Country to buy it.

Shendu Country is about a few thousand miles southeast of Daxia. Their custom is to live in a fixed land, just like Daxia; but the terrain is low, humid and hot. , their people rode big horses. 5. Translation of the ancient text "Zhang Qian's Pass to the Western Regions"

Translation of Zhang Qian's Pass to the Western Regions

Zhang Sai was appointed as Lang during the Jianyuan period. The people who surrendered to the Xiongnu at that time said that the Xiongnu defeated the Yuezhi King and used the Yuezhi King's head as a drinking vessel. The Yuezhi fled and resented the Xiongnu because they had no one to join them in attacking the Xiongnu. In the war to eliminate the Huns, after hearing this, he wanted to send someone to the Yuezhi, but the Xiongnu country was the only way to go, so he recruited people who could be sent as envoys to the Yuezhi as Lang Guan. . He left Longxi with Tangyi clan's servant Ganfu and was intercepted by the Huns. Chanyu said: "The Yuezhi is to the north of me. How can the Han Dynasty go there?" How to use it? If I want to send someone as an envoy to South Vietnam, will the Han Dynasty let our people pass by? " He detained Zhang Qian for more than ten years. He married him and gave birth to a son. However, Zhang Qian still adhered to the Han Festival and did not lose his status as an envoy.

Because he lived in the west of the Xiongnu, Zhang Qian took the opportunity to lead his subordinates to the moon. He fled westward for dozens of days and arrived in Dawan.

Dawan heard that the Han Dynasty was rich in wealth and wanted to have contacts with the Han Dynasty but could not find the opportunity. He was very happy to see Zhang Qian and asked him where he was going. Zhang Qian said: "I sent an envoy to the Yuezhi on behalf of the Han Dynasty, but the Huns blocked the road and refused to allow passage. Now I have fled to your country. I hope that the king can send someone to lead the way and send us there. If we can reach the Yuezhi, we will return to the Han Dynasty. "The wealth that the Han Dynasty gave to the king must be too much to describe." Dawan thought it was okay, so he sent them there and sent an interpreter and guide for them. They were sent to Kangju, who sent them to Dayuezhi in a conveyor. At this time, the original King Dayuezhi had been killed by the Xiongnu, and his wife was made king. Da Yuezhi had made Daxia surrender and ruled over it. The land there is fertile, the produce is abundant, there is no intrusion, and the mood is leisurely and peaceful. They think they are far away from the Han Dynasty and do not want to get close to the Han Dynasty. They have no intention of revenge against the Huns. From Yuezhi to Daxia, Zhang Qian never got a clear statement from the Yuezhi king. After staying for more than a year, I had to return. Along the Nanshan Mountains, I wanted to return to the Han Dynasty from the place where the Qiang people lived, but I was intercepted by the Xiongnu again. After being detained for more than a year, it happened that the Chanyu died and the Xiongnu country was in chaos. Zhang Qian fled back to the Han Dynasty with his Hun wife and Tangyi Ganfu. The imperial court granted him the official position of Taizhong Taifu, and Tang Yi Ganfu also became the envoy.