Yang Jiajiang's story is not fiction, but found in historical documents. The History of Song Dynasty (Volume 272) and Biography of Yang Ye recorded that Yang Ye's real name was expensive, and later he was from Taiyuan (Baode, Shanxi). When I was a child, I lived with my father Yang Xin, a historian in Linzhou (now Shenmu, Shaanxi). Because the local ethnic minorities are close to the north, shooting is a custom, so Yang Ye has developed a good martial arts since he was a child. This biography: "Ren Xia, a charming young man, has gained twice as much as others for hunting well for an acre." Taste said that the disciple said, "I will fight for the future and still chase the rabbit's ear with an eagle dog." (1) and "Continued Texts" record: "Make the gun house seventeen, and talk about the fireworks of the Yangjia 36 road". Notes in Records of Xiao Zhi: "The spread of marksmanship began with Yang's, which is called Pear Flower Gun. The world is prosperous. " (2) It can be seen that Yang Ye and his descendants are superior in martial arts, making Yang Jiacheng a great star. Yang Yechu was the ministry of Liu Chong in the Northern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. Because of his repeated meritorious military service, he was given the surname Liu, and the official was stationed in our country. At that time, the Northern Han regime headed by Liu Chong was actually a puppet of the northern Qidan people (Lu Ye, a Qidan nobleman, founded Liao State). Yang Ye was ashamed of Liu's submission to the Khitan, and had long wanted to submit to the Central Plains. Several expeditions to the Northern Han Dynasty in the early Song Dynasty failed because of the unity of Qidan. In May 979 (the fourth year of Taiping and Xingguo), Zhao Guangyi led the troops into the Northern Han Dynasty. Before the arrival of reinforcements from the Khitan, Yang Ye persuaded Liu Jiyuan, the Northern Hanwang, to surrender to the Song Dynasty on the grounds of "keeping the students together". After Yang Ye's surrender to the Song Dynasty, he was given the title of viceroy Wei, and in August he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhengzhou. Li and Yang Ye, who returned to the Song Dynasty, were left in Daizhou (now Daixian County, Shanxi Province) to guard Yanmenguan area because of their experience in fighting against northern minorities. "Naturally, when the Khitan saw the flag of this industry, he led it."
Yang Ye has a way of running the army. Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: "I don't know books by industry, but I use courage to practice attacking and fighting, and share weal and woe with my foot soldiers." Outside the Great Wall in the vast wasteland, he was not afraid of the cold and treated people in the open air, and was deeply admired by the soldiers. Coupled with his "political simplicity", he is more sympathetic to the foot soldiers, so the team he led is very effective. Because of its bravery, it was called "invincible Yang" at that time.
In the first month of 986 A.D. (the third year of Yongxi), in order to recover lost ground, Liao was attacked in three ways. East Road was commanded by Cao Bin and others, leaving Xiongzhou (Xiongxian County, Hebei Province); In the middle, Tian re-entered the command and flew out of the flying fox (Laiyuan, Hebei); West Road was divided by Pan Mei, with Yang Ye as the lieutenant, and Wang Shu and Liu Wenyu, the secretariat of Yuzhou, were sent to the Wild Goose Gate. Pan and Yang Yi Road fought bravely and joined forces in March of the same year in four states: Datong (now Datong), Ying (now Yingxian), Huan (now Mayi and Shuoxian) and Shuozhou (now Shuoxian). However, when Yang's army entered the Sanggan River, the East Road was much bigger than Qigou Pass. In order not to be alone, the King of Song ordered Pan and Yang to stop moving forward and protect the people north of Yanmenguan to retreat to the customs. At this time, the Khitan Lord Yelv Xu's empress dowager, Antong's 100,000 troops entered Atlas State, approaching Yanmen, and the situation was very critical. Based on years of experience in fighting with the Khitan, Yang Ye put forward a safe plan for warships: to avoid the enemy's sharp edge, send troops to the state, and take the initiative to attack to save the passive situation. However, Wang Shu and others put forward the idea of going straight to Atlas and fighting with the enemy. Yang Ye tried to fail, so he had to fight this uncertain battle. Before sending troops, he expressed his determination to "die before the enemy" to Wang and Pan. In order to win, he also put forward the suggestion of setting up reinforcements to attack the enemy at Chenjiagukou, Shuo County. At the beginning of the battle, Wang Shu watched Yang Ye win the first battle. In order to take credit, he stepped forward and took over the battle. After Yang Ye's defeat, both Wang Shu and Pan Mei withdrew. Yang Ye rate areas "and war and line, from noon to dusk, fruit to taniguchi, looking at taniguchi, see no one, fondle frightened. Then he led the troops to fight and was beaten dozens of times. The foot soldiers were tired and there were hundreds of them. The horse was too injured to enter and hid in the forest. When Emperor Yeluxi saw the shadow of the robe, he shot it, lost his horse, and Zi Yanyu died. " (3) After Yang Ye was captured, he was unyielding and even "died without food for three days". At the height of the fighting, he cared about his subordinates and said to them, "You have your own parents and wives, and it's no use dying with me." . But his men "all died in battle, and none survived." Wang Gui, a veteran who followed him for many years, finally killed dozens of enemies. "He killed dozens of people with his bare fists and was killed.".
Yang Yezhi's death was not so much at the hands of the Liao army as at the hands of Pan Mei, the head coach of Wang Shuhe. So afterwards, the King of Song was removed from the list, and Pan Mei was reduced by three levels. Yang Ye was commended by a letter, giving his family a thousand pieces of cloth and silk, and Su made his son a sacrificial officer.
According to the Biography of Yang Ye, he had seven sons: Yan Lang, Yan Pu, Yan Xun, Yan Huan, Yan Gui and Yan Bin, and a younger son, Yan Yu, who died with him in Chenjiagukou. But after his biography, only a brief history of Yan Lang was attached.
Yang Yanlang is Yang, the eldest son of Yang Ye. Since childhood, I have been reticent. Under the education of my father, Yang Ye once told people that "this kind of me" is healthy. When he grows up, his father will follow every sign. He attacked Ying with his father, and when he was the first in Shuozhou, he was shot by an arrow from Shuozhou's lower arm, and he still insisted on fighting and repelling the enemy. In the winter of 999 AD (the second year of Xianping), Liao soldiers poured water on the city to stop climbing, so as to promote the secretariat of Zhou Mo. Soon, he was defeated by Liao soldiers in Yangshan, he was promoted to ambassador, and then he was appointed as the national defense ambassador of Baozhou. When Song Zhenzong went to Kanzhou to fight the Khitan, Zhao Yan wrote a letter saying that he would go to war, but it was not adopted. As a result, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Khitan made a humiliating "exploration alliance".
Yang Yanlang has been guarding the north for more than twenty years. He is brave and good at fighting, and his orders are strict. During the war, he took the lead and pushed the credit to his subordinates. "Old friends are happy to use it." He led his troops with strong fighting capacity, which led to "the fear of the Khitan, with the aim of Yang Liulang". Later, he was promoted to deputy governor of Levin and died at the age of 57.
Yang Yanlang has three sons, and Yang is the only one in the biography. Wen Guang, the word Zhong Rong, was originally a general under Fan Chongyan, and also went south with Di Qing. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he repeatedly made meritorious military service in the wars with Liao and Xixia, and was awarded the positions of "Chengdu Training Ambassador" and "Zhou Dian Defending Ambassador" successively. Later, he was promoted to deputy general manager of Jizhou Road for actively fighting back Xixia. Later, Song and Liao fought in Daizhou, made suggestions and put forward a plan to recover Youyan. However, under the obstruction of the pacifists in the Northern Song Dynasty, his ambition was unfinished and he died of depression.
Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the story of Yang Jiajiang has been widely circulated among the people. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, someone compiled The Romance of Yang Jiajiang based on the Yang Jiajiang story of folk oral legend. From Song Taizu, Emperor Taizong made an expedition to the Northern Han Dynasty, and Yang Ye sent the Song Dynasty to Sun Zheng's victory in Xixia, * * * fifty times. It has been widely circulated among the people for many years, and has become the blueprint of various Yang Jiajiang operas.
There have been operas with Yang Jiajiang as the theme in Yuan Qu, and their contents and historical records are different. Among the seven sons of Yang Ye recorded in the History of Song Dynasty, except that the eldest son Yan Lang continued to be a general and the youngest son Yan Yu died with his father, all the others were "presented to the DPRK". Some are "worshipping officials" and some are "straight temples". Yuan Qu recorded seven sons of Yang Ye, namely Yan Ping, Ding Yan, Yan Guang, Yan Hui, Yan Lang, Yan Jing and Yan Si. (4) It is recorded in the Ming Dynasty that among the seven sons, Zhao Yan has no Yan Jing, and the others are the same. ⑤ The Romance of Yang Jiajiang, which was circulated in later generations, not only changed Yanping to Yuanping, but also added Balang and two daughters: Eight Sisters and Nine Sisters. This theory was adopted in recent operas. Yang, in particular, has different views. In the history of Song Dynasty, he was named Dalang, but in the same article, he was named Yang Liulang. "Big" is similar to "six". These two words are often used interchangeably in the printed edition and the banknote edition of ancient books. The word "six" here is a mistake of the word "big". When he was in his twenties, he and his father guarded Liulang Village near Ning Wuguan. By the Qing Dynasty, there was still the "Liulang Dike" in the county, which was said to have been built by Yang Shouyi when he was in Jinguan. ⑥ The change from Yanlang to Zhao Yan was to avoid Taoist Zhao Liming (Zhao Ceng was honored as a saint by Song Zhenzong). From Wutian Pagoda in Yuan Dynasty to Erlang Mountain in Shandong Bangzi after liberation, it was said that his name was Yang Yanjing, but he was never called Yang in Beijing Opera later. The same Yang Zhaoyan, Dalang in Song history, Shiro in Yuan dynasty, Shiro in Ming dynasty, and Shiro in romance and later popular opera. This kind of situation is not uncommon in the history of novels, which is also the result of later generations' admiration for Yang Jiajiang. More specifically, in the romantic drama, he guarded the three passes (Liangzhou Sui Chengguan, Bazhou Yijin Pass and Xiongzhou Waqiao Pass) and made great contributions to the struggle against Liao. This kind of eulogy is a tribute to the generals who have rendered meritorious service in resisting the enemy.
In the history books, only Yang has a biography, and the rest have no biographies. None of Yang Ye's other sons is as famous as Yang. But where are they? But there are all kinds of statements. There is a play in Beijing Opera called "Golden Beach", which tells that Liao set up a double dragon meeting in Golden Beach, tricked him into going to a meeting, and then secretly ambushed his troops and killed all the gentlemen in the Song Dynasty. Yang Jiye asked Dalang Yanping to pretend to be the King of Song, and his sons accompanied him to protect him. At the banquet, Yanping took the lead and shot the Liao master with a cuff arrow. Liao recruited soldiers everywhere and launched a big war. The result is big, two, dead, four, eight, captured, five, six, stand out. In some plays, Shiro surrendered to Liao after being captured, and "Mu and Yi" was named Xu by Xiao Taihou. Wang Langyande died in North China because of abuse of power, and became a monk angrily, but he also took part in the anti-Liao struggle at the crucial moment. ⑦ air billow killed Pan Bao in Tianqi Temple ring, and had been enemies with Pan Mei. Later, at the critical moment of struggling for help, he was shot and killed by Pan Mei under the banana tree. The lyrics in Yang's Peking Opera Li Lingbei even explained their whereabouts one by one. It can be seen that later generations admired the "Seven Langs and Eight Tigers" in Tian Bo House because they contributed more or less to resisting and defending the enemy.
Although Yang had three sons in history, Yang, who only had a name, made a biography. But in Romance, it is said that Yang has two sons: Zong Baohe. However, the story of Zongbao is very similar to the story of Songshi in Chinese, which shows that it evolved from one person. According to the past custom, the word Zhong Rong must have "Bo" or "Zong" above Zhong (the second child), while Yang's position as the garrison commander of Baozhou may have come from the meaning of guarding the frontier in the Yang Dynasty, and the word "Zong Bao" was introduced earlier. But in traditional Chinese opera, he was called Yang's only son, and Yang became his only son. Through the artistic creation of biographies of three generations, they praised the heroic struggle spirit of general Men Yang from generation to generation.
Yang Ye's wife was not mentioned in The History of Song Dynasty, but a vivid character ―― Yu Taijun (Yu Saihua) appeared in the romance drama. Huayuan, a native, made a textual research on Yu Taijun in the Book of Guanzhong Scholars. In some books, it is more directly recorded that "Ye married the daughter of our time in Anjun Yong, Fuzhou". According to the great-grandfather Lun, grandfather Cong Yuan and father Deyi, they were all famous Northern Expeditions at the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhe Deyi and his two sons (Xun Yu and Yu Qing) are also famous in the anti-Liao struggle. Although there is no saying in his biography that his daughter married Yang Ye (when the old history was biographied by celebrities, it was generally only his son, but there was no daughter), it was still possible to marry his daughter to Yang Ye. Today, there is a tomb of Taijun in Zhewo Village, Baode, Shaanxi Province. 10 10 (the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu) has an inscription in front of the tomb. Northwest people pronounced Zhe as snake, so later people called it "Snake Taijun" (some people called it "Snake Taijun"), and local people also called Zhewo Village "Jiashe Village". She Taijun, a romantic drama in the later period, has participated in almost all major events in Yang Jiajiang from Shetang official to a century ago, and has always been a heroic figure who is resolute, resolute and loyal to the country and people. In the eyes of future generations, she is an outstanding representative of ancient women, with courage, wisdom and strong opinions.